Two-way Slab

[Link] Supported Two-Way Slab

The Slab shown below is to be designed to carry a live load of 10 KN/𝑚2 . The
characteristic material strengths are fcu = 30 N/𝑚𝑚2 and fy = 460 N/𝑚𝑚2 . Assume
2 hr fire resistance and mild exposure.
1m

X
4.5 m

1m
Y

6.3 m
Design Requirement:
Reinforcement Yield strength (fy ) 460 N/𝑚𝑚2 Rebar size (𝝓) 10 mm
Concrete strength (fcu) 30 N/𝑚𝑚2 Thickness of Support 230 mm
1) Estimation of thickness:
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 4500
d= 𝐿 = = 173 mm≈ 180 mm
( )Basic × Modification 20 × 1.3
𝑑
Cover for Durability:
Code BS8116 Table (3.3) Mild Exposure fcu30 25 mm.
Dd Dd Dd Dd Dd
Cover for fire Resistance:
Code BS8116 Table (3.4) 2 hr Simply Supported floor 35 mm.
Dd Dd Dd Dd Dd
𝜙
h = d + cover + = 180 + 35 +5 = 220 mm.
2
2) Estimation of Loading:
Live Load = 10 KN/𝒎𝟐
Dead Load = Self-Weight of Slab = 24 × 0.22 = 5.28 KN/𝒎𝟐
Total Design Load = 1.4DL + 1.6LL = 1.4×5.28 + 1.6 × 10 = 23.4 KN/m2
Total Design Load per meter Length for strip with 1 m width (𝜔) = 23.4 ×1 = 23.4 KN/m
3) Design for Moment:
Short Direction:
Moment:
Code BS8116 Table (3.13) Ly/Lx = 1.4 𝛼sx = 0.099
D 2
D 2
Dd Dd
mx = 𝛼sx dn 𝐿𝑥 = 0.099 d× 23.4 × 4.5 = 46.9 KN.m
𝑴 𝟒𝟔.𝟗 ×𝟏𝟎𝟔
K= 𝟐
= = 0.048 < 0.156.
𝒇𝒄𝒖 𝒃 𝒅 𝟑𝟎× 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟐
𝑲 𝟎.𝟎𝟒𝟖
Z = (0.5 + √𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 − )𝒅 = (0.5 + √𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 − ) d = 0.94 d < 0.95d Use 0.94d.
𝟎.𝟗 𝟎.𝟗
Z = 0.94× 180 = 169.2 mm.
𝑴 𝟒𝟔.𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
ASreq = = = 635 𝒎𝒎𝟐 .
𝟎.𝟗𝟓 𝒇𝒚 𝒁 𝟎.𝟗𝟓×𝟒𝟔𝟎×𝟏𝟔𝟗.𝟐
𝟎.𝟏𝟑 𝒃 𝒉 𝟎.𝟏𝟑×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟐𝟐𝟎
ASmin Rectangular section solid slab = = = 286 𝒎𝒎𝟐 .
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
ASreq > ASmin Use ASreq.
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Spacing = 𝛑×𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 274 mm Use T10@ 100 mm c/c.
635 ÷
𝟒
Smax = 3d or 750 mm = 3 × 180 = 540 mm > 100 mm OK
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝝅𝟏𝟎𝟐
ASprov = × = 785 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟒
Long Direction:
Moment:
Code BS8116 Table (3.13) Ly/Lx = 1.4 𝛼sy = 0.051
D 2
D 2
Dd Dd
my = 𝛼sy dn 𝐿𝑥 = 0.051 d× 23.4 × 4.5 = 24.2 KN.m
d = 220 – 35 – 10 – 5 = 170 mm.
𝑴 𝟐𝟒.𝟐 ×𝟏𝟎𝟔
K= 𝟐
= = 0.028 < 0.156.
𝒇𝒄𝒖 𝒃 𝒅 𝟑𝟎× 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟐
𝑲 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟖
Z = (0.5 + √𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 − )𝒅 = (0.5 + √𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 − ) d = 0.97 d > 0.95d Use 0.95 d.
𝟎.𝟗 𝟎.𝟗
Z = 0.95× 180 = 171 mm.
𝑴 𝟐𝟒.𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
ASreq = = = 324 𝒎𝒎𝟐 .
𝟎.𝟗𝟓 𝒇𝒚 𝒁 𝟎.𝟗𝟓×𝟒𝟔𝟎×𝟏𝟕𝟏
𝟎.𝟏𝟑 𝒃 𝒉 𝟎.𝟏𝟑×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟐𝟏𝟎
ASmin Rectangular section solid slab = = = 286 𝒎𝒎𝟐 .
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Spacing = 𝛑×𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 242 mm Use T10@ 225 mm c/c.
324 ÷
𝟒
Smax = 3d or 750 mm = 3 × 170 = 510 mm > 100 mm OK
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝝅𝟏𝟎𝟐
ASprov = × = 349 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟒
4) Check for Deflection:
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
( )act ≤ ( )Limit = ( )Basic × Mft × Mfc (Check for Shorter span)
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝐿
( )Limit:
𝑑
𝐿
( )Basic BS8110 Table (3.9)
𝑑
𝐿
Simple Rectangular Section ( )Basic =20
𝑑
2 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝐿 4500
Mft BS8110 fs =
3 𝐴𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
( )act = ( ) = 25 2 × 460× 635
𝑑 180
fs = = 248 N/𝑚𝑚2
3×785
477−𝑓𝑠 477−248
Mft = 0.55 + 𝑴 = 0.55 + 𝟒𝟔.𝟗 × 106
= 1.36
120(0.9+ 𝟐 ) 120(0.9 + )
𝒃𝒅 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟐
Mfc = 1
𝐿 𝐿
( )Limit = 20 × 1.36 ×1 = 27.2 > ( )act = 25 Ok.
𝑑 𝑑

5) Check for Shear:

Short Direction:
Shear:
Code BS8116 Table (3.15) Ly/Lx = 1.4 four edges discontinuous 𝛽vx = 0.43
D D D D D
vxy = 𝛽vxdn Lx = 0.43 ×
d 23.4 × 4.5 = 45.3
d KN d d
Shear Stress (Vs) Concrete shear stress:
a) Concrete Shear stress (vc):
vc = 0.8√𝑓𝑐𝑢 = 0.8√30 = 4.38 N/𝑚𝑚2
b) Concrete Shear stress (vc):
0.79 400 1 100𝐴𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 1 𝑓𝑐𝑢 1
vc = ( )4 ( )3 ( )3 Shear Stress (V):
1.25 𝑑 𝑏𝑑 25
400 1 400 1 𝑉𝑥𝑦 45.3 × 103
( )4 = ( ) = 1.22 > 0.67
4 OK V= = = 0.25 N/𝑚𝑚2 .
𝑑 180 𝑏𝑑 1000× 180
785
100𝐴𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 100 ×
2
= = 0.22 < 3 OK
𝑏𝑑 1000 × 180
1
0.79 30 1
vc = × 1.22 × ( 0.22)3 × ( )3 = 0.49 N/𝑚𝑚2
1.25 25
vc > V OK

Check for Long Direction

6) Detailing

T10@100 mm c/c
X
4.5 m

T10@225 mm c/c
Y

6.3 m

Eng: Ahmed Zuhair Hussain

Civil Engineering of Sudan University
0129462722
 Two-way Slab
[Link] Two-Way Slab
The Floor Slab shown below is to be designed to carry a live load of 5 KN/𝑚2 , plus
floor finishes loads of 1 KN/𝑚2 . The characteristic material strengths are fcu = 35
N/𝑚𝑚2 and fy = 460 N/𝑚𝑚2 . Assume 1 hr fire resistance and mild exposure.
The construction is monolithic and the panels are continuous at the interior supports.

P4 P3 P4
6m

X
6m

P2 P1 P2
Y

P4 P3 P4
6m

C1
7.2 m 7.2 m 7.2 m
Design Requirement:
Reinforcement Yield strength (fy ) 460 N/𝑚𝑚2 Rebar size (𝝓) 10 mm
Concrete strength (fcu) 35 N/𝑚𝑚2 Thickness of Support 250 mm
1) Estimation of thickness:
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 6000
d= 𝐿 = = 178 mm.
( )Basic × Modification 26 × 1.3
𝑑
Cover for Durability:
Code BS8116 Table (3.3) Mild Exposure fcu30 20 mm.
Dd Dd Dd Dd Dd
Cover for fire Resistance:
Code BS8116 Table (3.4) 2 hr Continuous floor 20 mm.
Dd Dd Dd Dd Dd
𝜙
h = d + cover + = 178 + 20 +5 = 203mm ≈200 mm.
2
𝜙
d = h - cover - = 175 mm.
2
2) Estimation of Loading:
Live Load = 5 KN/𝒎𝟐
Dead Load:
Self-Weight of Slab = Concrete Density ×Thickness of Slab = 24 × 0.2 = 4.8 KN/𝒎𝟐
Total Finishes = 1 KN/𝒎𝟐
Dead Load = (4.8 + 1) = 5.8 KN/𝑚2
Total Design Load = 1.4DL + 1.6LL = 1.4×5.8 + 1.6 × 5 = 16.1 KN/𝐦𝟐 .
3) Design for Moment:
Moment:
Code BS8116 Table (3.14)
D D Dd
d d
 Type of Panel Shorter Span Longer Span
Panel Ly/Lx
(Table 3.14) -𝛽𝑠𝑥 + 𝛽𝑠𝑥 - 𝛽𝑠𝑦 + 𝛽𝑠𝑦
P1 Interior Panel 1.2 0.042 0.032 0.032 0.024
One Short Edge
P2 1.2 0.048 0.036 0.037 0.028
Discontinuous
One Long Edge
P3 1.2 0.056 0.042 0.037 0.028
Discontinuous
Two adjacent Edge
P4 1.2 0.063 0.047 0.045 0.034
Discontinuous
There are different values of coefficients so check deflection first using
maximum positive coefficient (0.047) at P4
Design of P4 for + 𝜷𝒔𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟕 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧 :
mx = 𝛽sx n 𝐿𝑥 2 = 0.047 × 16.1 × 62 = 27.24 KN.m
𝑴 𝟐𝟕.𝟐𝟒 ×𝟏𝟎𝟔
K= 𝟐
= = 0.025 < 0.156.
𝒇𝒄𝒖 𝒃 𝒅 𝟑𝟓× 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟐
𝑲 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓
Z = (0.5 + √𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 − )𝒅 = (0.5 + √𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 − ) d = 0.97 d > 0.95d Use 0.95d.
𝟎.𝟗 𝟎.𝟗
Z = 0.95× 175 = 166.25 mm.
𝑴 𝟐𝟕.𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
ASreq = = = 375 𝒎𝒎𝟐 .
𝟎.𝟗𝟓 𝒇𝒚 𝒁 𝟎.𝟗𝟓×𝟒𝟔𝟎×𝟏𝟔𝟔.𝟐𝟓
𝟎.𝟏𝟑 𝒃 𝒉 𝟎.𝟏𝟑×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟐𝟎𝟎
ASmin Rectangular section solid slab = = = 260 𝒎𝒎𝟐 .
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
ASreq > ASmin Use ASreq.
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Spacing = 𝛑×𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 209 mm Use T10@ 200 mm c/c.
375 ÷
𝟒
Smax = 3d or 750 mm 3 × 175 = 525 mm.> 200 mm
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝝅𝟏𝟎𝟐
ASprov = × = 393 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟒
Check of P4 for Deflection 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧 :
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
( )act ≤ ( )Limit = ( )Basic × Mft × Mfc (Check for Shorter span)
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝐿
( )Limit:
𝑑
𝐿
( )Basic BS8110 Table (3.9)
𝑑
𝐿
Continuous Rectangular Section ( )Basic =26
𝑑
2 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝐿 6000
Mft BS8110 Table (3.10) fs =
3 𝐴𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
( )act = ( ) = 34.3 2 × 460× 375
𝑑 175
fs = = 293 N/𝑚𝑚2
3×393
477−𝑓𝑠 477−293
Mft = 0.55 + 𝑴 = 0.55 + 𝟐𝟕.𝟐𝟒 × 106
= 1.41
120(0.9+ 𝟐 ) 120(0.9 + )
𝒃𝒅 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟐
Mfc = 1
𝐿 𝐿
( )Limit = 26 × 1.41 ×1 = 36.7 > ( )act = 34.3 Ok.
𝑑 𝑑

4) Design for Shorter Span:

Negative Moment:
-Mx ASreq
Panel d 𝛽sx K Z/d Z(mm) Use
= - 𝛽sx n 𝐿𝑥 2 (𝒎𝒎𝟐 )
P1 175 0.042 24.34 0.023 0.97 166.25 335 T10@ 225 c/c
P2 175 0.048 27.82 0.026 0.97 166.25 383 T10@ 200 c/c
P3 175 0.056 32.46 0.03 0.97 166.25 447 T10@ 175 c/c
P4 175 0.063 36.51 0.034 0.96 166.25 503 T10@ 150 c/c
Positive Moment:
+Mx ASreq
Panel d 𝛽sx K Z/d Z(mm) Use
= + 𝛽sx n 𝐿𝑥 2 (𝒎𝒎𝟐 )
P1 175 0.032 18.55 0.017 0.98 166.25 255 T10@ 300 c/c
P2 175 0.036 20.87 0.019 0.98 166.25 287 T10@ 275 c/c
P3 175 0.042 24.34 0.023 0.97 166.25 335 T10@ 225 c/c
P4 175 0.047 27.24 0.025 0.97 166.25 375 T10@ 200 c/c
5) Design for Longer Span:
Negative Moment:
-Mx ASreq
Panel d 𝛽sy K Z/d Z(mm) Use
= - 𝛽sx n 𝐿𝑥 2 (𝒎𝒎𝟐 )
P1 165 0.032 18.55 0.019 0.98 166.25 225 T10@ 300 c/c
P2 165 0.037 21.45 0.02 0.98 166.25 295 T10@ 250 c/c
P3 165 0.037 21.45 0.02 0.98 166.25 295 T10@ 250 c/c
P4 165 0.045 26.08 0.027 0.97 166.25 359 T10@ 200 c/c
Positive Moment:
+Mx ASreq
Panel d 𝛽sy K Z/d Z(mm) Use
= + 𝛽sx n 𝐿𝑥 2 (𝒎𝒎𝟐 )
P1 165 0.024 13.91 0.015 0.98 166.25 191 T10@ 300 c/c
P2 165 0.028 16.23 0.017 0.98 166.25 223 T10@ 275 c/c
P3 165 0.028 16.23 0.017 0.98 166.25 223 T10@ 275 c/c
P4 165 0.034 19.71 0.02 0.98 166.25 271 T10@ 275 c/c
6) Check for Shear:
Shear:
Code BS8116 Table (3.15)
D D Dd
d d Shorter Span 𝛽𝑣𝑥 Longer Span 𝛽𝑣𝑦
Type of Panel
Panel Ly/Lx Continues Discontinues Continues Discontinues
(Table 3.24)
Edge Edge Edge Edge
P1 Interior Panel 1.2 0.39 0.33
One Short Edge
P2 1.2 0.42 0.36 0.24
Discontinuous
One Long Edge
P3 1.2 0.44 0.29 0.36
Discontinuous
Two adjacent Edge
P4
Discontinuous
1.2 0.47 0.31 0.4 0.26
There are different values of coefficients so check Shear for maximum
coefficient (0.47) at P4
Vmax = 𝛽vx n 𝐿𝑥 = 0.47 × 16.1 × 6 = 45.4 KN.
a) Concrete Shear stress (vc):
vc = 0.8√𝑓𝑐𝑢 = 0.8√35 = 4.73 N/𝑚𝑚2
b) Concrete Shear stress (vc):

0.79 400 1 100𝐴𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 1 𝑓𝑐𝑢 1

vc = ( )4 ( )3 ( )3 Shear Stress (V):
1.25 𝑑 𝑏𝑑 25
400 1 1 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 45.4 × 103
( )4 = (
400
) = 1.23 > 0.67
4 OK V= = = 0.26 N/𝑚𝑚2 .
𝑑 175 𝑏𝑑 1000× 175
ASprov for P4 at Negative Moment: T10@150mm
100𝐴𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 100 ×523
= = 0.3 < 3 OK
𝑏𝑑 1000 × 175
1
0.79 35 1
vc = × 1.23 × ( 0.3)3 × ( )3 = 0.58 N/𝑚𝑚2
1.25 25
vc > V OK

7) Detailing:
Rules of reinforcing restrained slab: [𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 [Link]]

Retrained slab is considered as divided in each direction into middle strip and edge strip as shown
in the figure:

The resulting reinforcement from the maximum design moments (𝑚𝑠𝑥, 𝑚𝑠𝑦) should be provided in
the middle strip only. The reinforcement in edge strip (parallel to the edge) need not exceed the
minimum area of tension reinforcement (𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛).
Long Span

P4 P3 P4
T10@300 mm c/c T10@200 mm c/c Top
T10@200 mm c/c Top T10@300 mm c/c
Top
6m

Top

T10@275 mm c/c T10@275 mm c/c T10@275 mm c/c

X P2 P1 P2
T10@250 mm c/c Top T10@250 mm c/c Top
6m

T10@275 mm c/c T10@300 mm c/c T10@275 mm c/c

Y
P4 P3 P4
T10@200 mm c/c Top
T10@200 mm c/c Top
6m

T10@275 mm c/c T10@275 mm c/c T10@275 mm c/c

C1
7.2 m 7.2 m 7.2 m

Shorter Span:

P4 P3 P4
6m

T10@275 mm c/c
T10@275 mm c/c

X P2 P1 P2
T10@300 mm c/c
T10@300 T10@150 mm c/c Top

T10@300 T10@175 mm c/c Top

T10@150 mm c/c Top

6m

Y
T10@200 mm c/c
T10@200 mm c/c

P4
T10@225 mm c/c

P4 P3
6m

T10@300
Top

Top

Top

C1
7.2 m 7.2 m 7.2 m
 Torsional reinforcement:

Corner C1:
Direction x (parallel to shorter span):
ASt= 0.75 × 375 = 282𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Spacing = 𝛑×𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 278 mm Use T10@ 275 mm c/c. Top and Bottom
282 ÷
𝟒

Direction y (parallel to Longer er span):

ASt= 0.75 × 271 = 204 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Spacing = 𝛑×𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 384 mm Use T10@ 300 mm c/c. Top and Bottom
204 ÷
𝟒

Eng: Ahmed Zuhair Hussain

Civil Engineering of Sudan University
0129462722