Chapt

er3 Thet
eachi
ngofI
nter
pret
ing
ar
tworks
Whatisasymbol
?Symbol sarethi
ngsthatst
andf
orot
herthi
[Link]
sdifferf
rom one
cul
tur
etoanot
herandareunderst
oodbythepeopl
[Link]
ofcl
othmayhavesever
almeaningssuchasweddi
ngceremony,pur
it
yorpeace.

Artsymbolsarethi
ngsthatst
andforot
herthi
[Link]
tsymbol
scanbei
nfor
m ofdr
awi
ngs,
carvi
ngs,
lett
ers,
writ
ings,
songs,gest
uresandmanymore.

Gi
veexampl
esofsymbol
sinyourschool
. Mal
etoi
letandf
emal
etoi
l
et

St
atet
hei
mpor
tanceofar
tsymbol
s

[Link]
vei
dent
it
y

[Link]
cat
emessages

[Link]
ytoi
temsorsi
tuat
ions

[Link]
ff
erent
iat
eonei
tem f
rom anot
her

[Link]
ptodevel
opcr
eat
ivi
tyandi
magi
nat
ion

Expl
ainanyt
hreer
easonswhyar
twor
ksar
eimpor
tantwaysofcommuni
cat
ingwi
thot
her
s.

[Link]
tr
actat
tent
ioneasi
ly

[Link]
eeasyt
ounder
stand

[Link]
esi
mpl
eandbr
ief

[Link]
epor
tabl
eandcanbepl
acedi
nsomei
mpor
tantar
easeasi
ly

[Link]
ecostef
fect
ivet
hati
spr
oductcost
scanbel
esst
hanpr
oduci
ngabook

Whati
sthedi
ff
erencebet
weenal
ogoandcour
tofar
ms?

Cour
tofarmsareartsymbol
sthati
denti
fi
esacount
rywhi
leal
ogoi
sanar
tsymbolt
hat
i
dent
ifi
esonei
nsti
tuti
onfr
om anot
her.

Expl
aint
hemeani
ngofanyt
hreear
tsymbol
sthatar
eusedi
nMal
awi
.

[Link]
singsun-comi
ngoff
reedom t
oMal
awiaf
tercol
oni
alr
ule

[Link]
een–veget
ati
oni
nthecount
ryandval
ueofagr
icul
tur
e

[Link]
on-power
 [Link]
zeoncl
oth–f
oodsecur
it
y

[Link]
cef
lag–t
heabi
li
tyoft
hepol
icet
oensur
epeaceandr
ootoutt
he
evi
lsofthesoci
ety

Whatar
tsymbol
sar
eonMal
awicour
tofar
ms?

Li
on,
leopar
d,aneagl
e,r
isi
ngsun,
vaseoff
lower
s

Whyisi
tgoodt
oteachl
ear
nersint
erpret
ingar
tworks? I
thelpst
hem t
oappr
eci
atet
heuseof
ar
tsymbol
sint
hecommunit
y,f
orself
-r
eli
ance,sour
ceofincomeetc

Whyisiti
mpor
tantt
ouseappr
opr
iat
eresour
ceswhent
eachi
ngi
nter
pret
ingar
twor
kst
o
l
ear
ners?

[Link]
omot
eandr
einf
orcel
ear
ning

[Link]
hepr
ocessoft
eachi
ngandl
ear
ningr
eal
ist
ic

[Link]
li
tat
eteachi
ngofconcept
sint
hel
esson

[Link]
iet
yofexper
iencest
othel
ear
ner
ssuchasobser
ving,
touchi
ngand
evaluat
ing

[Link]
eachi
ngandl
ear
ningi
nter
est
ing

Suggestappr
opr
iat
eteachi
ng,
lear
ningandmet
hodsf
ort
eachi
ngi
nter
pret
ingar
tsymbol
s

[Link]
ainst
ormi
ng

[Link]
oupwor
k,

[Link]
xfr
eezepai
r,

[Link]
epl
ay

[Link]
ionandanswer

Suggestappr
opr
iat
eassessmentmet
hodsf
ort
eachi
ngi
nter
pret
ingar
tsymbol
s

[Link]
for
mancet
est

[Link]
ltest

[Link]
tfol
ios

[Link]
ist
s

[Link]
ogr
esschar
trubr
ic

Anexampl
eofacheckl
ist
Lear
ner
’sname………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.cl
ass…………………….

I
sthel
ear
nerabl
eto: excel
lent good aver
age Needs
suppor
t

[Link]
oducevar
iousar
ti
cles?

[Link]
expr
essandcommunicat
efeel
ings,
ideas
andact
ions?

[Link]
gnpict
uresongi
vent
hemesor
messages?

[Link]
atetheroleandfuncti
onof
var
iousformsofar ti
nexpressingand
communi cat
ingideas,f
eel
ingsand
act
ions?

Whatarepat t
erns?Pat
ter
nsar
erepeatedormixedshapesorli
neswhichf ol
lowacertai
norder
.
Somepatternscanbemadefrom l
ines,ci
rcl
es,
ordif
fer
[Link]
ntedwords
havepat
terns,wovenit
emssuchasmat sandknit
tedit
emssuchasj erseyhavepat
terns.

I
dent
if
ythi
ngst
hatf
orm pat
ter
nsar
oundyourcol
lege

[Link]
icksf
ort
hecol
legebl
ocks

[Link]
legedayf
orexampl
e,cl
asses,
break,
classes,
lunch,
classes,
knockof
f

[Link]
spl
ayofchar
tsi
ncl
assr
oomsbysubj
ect
soft
hesamear
ea

[Link]
urer
sar
ri
valandknockof
fatcol
lege

[Link]
assr
oomse.
[Link]
assA,
B,C,
D,E,
F,G,
H,J,
K,L,
M,N,
P

Whatart
ist
icwayscanoneuset
omakepat
ter
ns? Kni
tt
ing,
weavi
ng,
sewi
ng,
pai
nti
ng,
col
our
ingetc

Howf
ardoyouagr
eewi
tht
hest
atement
,“Pat
ter
nsar
ever
yimpor
tanti
nar
ti
sti
cit
ems?
’’

Pat
ter
nsar
eimpor
tantbecauset
hey:

[Link]
ytot
hei
tems.

[Link]
ff
erent
iat
eonei
tem f
rom anot
her

[Link]
ptodevel
opcr
eat
ivi
tyandi
magi
nat
ion
 [Link]
temsorpr
oduct
sst
ronger

Whatar
eper
for
mances?Thesear
eact
ivi
ti
essuchasdanci
ng,
dramat
izi
ngandsi
ngi
ng

Howcanoneproducebestper
formers?Thati
sthroughpract
ici
ngf
requent
ly,
bei
ngcr
eat
ive
andi
magi
nati
veandgivi
ngproperdi
recti
ontotheperfor
mers

Howdogoodandenoughpr
act
iceshel
ponet
ohaveabet
terper
for
mance?

[Link]
ert
heski
ll
spr
oper
ly

[Link]
ear

3.I
mpr
ovecooper
ati
onamongstt
heper
for
mer
s

[Link]
ldconf
idence

Whatmakesonetohavebet
terper
formances?byhavi
ngthoroughpr
[Link]
ivi
tyand
i
maginat
ionwhenper
for
mingyourproduct
ionsat
tr
actadmir
ationf
rom spectat
ors

Goodperfor
manceofdr
amadependsonsever
alf
act
[Link]
hinkar
esomeoft
he
fact
ors?

[Link]
arget
edaudi
ence

[Link]
hemeoft
hepl
ay

[Link]
ti
sti
ccr
eat
ivi
tyoft
heact
ors

Whyar
eper
for
mancesver
yimpor
tant
?

[Link]
ovi
deenj
oyment

[Link]
ptomar
kdi
ff
erentoccasi
onsofcul
tur
alsi
gni
fi
cance

[Link]
ptouni
tepeopl
eint
hecommuni
ty

[Link]
pincar
eerdevel
opment

[Link]
sti
ngui
shonesoci
etyf
rom anot
her

Chapt
er4:Teachi
ngcul
tur
alar
ti
sti
c
act
ivi
ti
es
Whati
scult
ure? I
swhatthesocietycal
lscust
om orwhattheyownasval
uessuchasbel
ief
s,
ar
tandpr
[Link]
sdynamicandchangeswit
hti
me.

St
atet
hei
mpor
tanceofcul
tur
alar
ti
sti
cact
ivi
ti
es

[Link]
ppeopl
etoacqui
rebel
ief
s,cust
oms,
val
ues,
lawsandwi
sdom

2.I
ncul
cat
ecul
tur
alval
ues

[Link]
ert
aint
hepeopl
e

[Link]
inguni
tyamongt
hepeopl
e

[Link]
eideas

Cul
tur
alpr
act
icesar
eact
ualper
for
mancesofcul
tur
alact
ivi
ti
es.

Whatarecont
empor
arydances?Ar
emoder
ndancest
hatar
ecomi
ngf
rom ot
herl
ands
(f
orei
gndances)

Ment
ionsomeexampl
esofcont
empor
arydance Kwasakwasa,
kwai
to,
ndombol
o,r
eggaeet
c

Whatar
eindi
genousdances?Ar
edancesper
for
medi
nourcommuni
ti
essuchasbeni
,gul
e
wamkul
u,chi
mtal
i,i
ngoma,et
c

Whati
sthedi
ff
erencebet
weencont
empor
aryandi
ndi
genousdances?

[Link]
keindigenousdances,
cont
empor
arydancesdoesnotnecessar
il
yrequi
reany
fi
xedrules

[Link]
ofol
lowspeci
fi
cdancetechni
ques(
dancer
sar
efr
eet
odance
accor
dingtohowtheyf
eelt
hemusicinthedance).

[Link]
ngstyl
esaremorefl
uid(
all
owfreemovement
)thanconvent
ional
dancingst
yles,whi
chusuall
yfol
lowf
ixedrul
esort
echni
ques.

[Link]
emporar
ydancesi
nvol
ver
igor
ousshaki
ngandt
wist
ingfwai
st,
flexi
bleand
qui
ckf
ootmovement

Whatarethebenef i
tsofcont emporarydanci ngstyles?
[Link] ivatesimagi nat
ionandcr eativeself-
expressi
on
[Link] pi ntheuseofgr avit
yandt ransiti
onsont hefl
oor
[Link] opsver satil
it
yandi mpr ovisati
on
Whati
st hedi sadvantageofcont empor ar
ydances?
[Link] ctourcul t
uralval
ues [Link] emakingouryout
htoloseoutt
hei
r
cult
ur alidenti
ty [Link] t
ural dancesarelosi
ngidenti
tyandhi
stor
y

Theyounggener
ati
ondi
sli
kepar
ti
cipat
ingi
nindi
genousdances,
why?
 [Link]
nkt
hatcul
tur
aldancesar
ebor
ingandol
dfashi
oned

[Link]
ewt
hem asout
dat
edandf
itf
ort
heol
dgener
ati
on

Whati
sthebenefi
tofcombi
ningforeigndancingst
yleswithourt
radit
ionaldanci
ngst
yles?
[Link]
catet
hespir
itofimaginat
ionandcreat
ivi
tyinl
earners

Defi
nemusi
c-i sahumanl
yorganizedsoundstr
uct
uredi
nharmony,
mel ody,r
hythm and
for
[Link]
sanar
tandsci
enceofproducingandcombi
ningsoundst
oarousefeel
ings.

Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ngmusi
calt
erms;

[Link]
hm –combi
nat
ionofdi
ff
erentdur
ati
onsofsoundandsi
lencei
namusi
cal
composi
ti
on

[Link]
mony–t
woormor
emusi
calnot
essoundedt
oget
her

[Link]
calf
orm –st
yleandst
ruct
ureofamusi
calcomposi
ti
on

[Link]–asi
ngl
eli
neofmusi
cfor
mingat
une.I
tist
hecombi
nat
ionofr
hyt
hm and
pi
tch.

[Link]
tch–t
hehi
gh-
lowqual
it
yofamusi
cal
sound

f
. Dynami
cs–sof
tnessorl
oudnessofsound

[Link]–speedofasong

[Link]
ing–i
sthear
tofdi
rect
ingandcont
rol
li
ngsi
nger
sbymeansofgest
ures

Gi
veyourownr
easonswhyyout
hinkmusi
cisi
mpor
tanti
nthepr
imar
yschoolcur
ri
cul
um.

[Link]
nfor
cel
ear
ningi
not
hersubj
ect
s

[Link]
agecr
eat
ivi
tyandi
magi
nat
ion

[Link]
ldgr
oupf
eel
ings

[Link]
ovi
deknowl
edgeandski
ll
sforcar
eerdevel
opment

5.I
nher
itandpr
eser
vecul
tur
e

Musi
calnot
es’
names,
val
uesandhowt
ocount

Not
e Not
ename Val
ue Howi
tissai
d/count
ed

Br
it
ish Amer
ican

Semi
breve Whol
enot
e 4 t
aa-
aa-
aa-
aa
beat
s/count
s
 Mi
nim Hal
fnot
e 2beats/ t
aa-
aa
count
s

Cr
otchet Quar
ternot
e 1beat
/count t
aa

Quaver Ei
ght
hnot
e ½beat
/count t
a(t
i)

Semi
quaver Si
xteent
hnot
e ¼beat
/count t
afe(
fort
wonot
es)

Rest
s

Rest
s Restname

Whol
erest/semi
breve

Hal
frest / mi
nim

Quar
terr
est / cr
otchet

Quaverr
est/ ei
ght
h

Semiquaverr
est/si
xteent
hrest

Defi
net i
mesignature–ti
mesignat
ureisasetoftwonumbersatthebeginni
ngofarhythm.I
t
i
swr i
ttenasafract
ionsuchas .Thetopnumbershowst henumberofbeatsor
[Link]
om numbershowsthenameofthemusicalnotethati
sget
ti
ngone
beatorcount
.

St
atet
hei
mpor
tanceoft
het
imesi
gnat
ure

[Link]
ptoknowt
henumberofbeat
swhi
chhavebeenor
gani
zedi
napar
ti
cul
arr
hyt
hm
pat
ter
n

[Link]
ptof
indt
henumberofbeat
sinever
ymeasur
eorbarofagi
venr
hyt
hm pat
ter
n

[Link]
ptoknowt
heki
ndofnot
ethatr
ecei
vest
heonebeatdur
ati
on

Dott
ednotes–adott akeshalfthevalueofanynoteorr
estthatitisatt
achedto.I
ftheval
ue
ofaquart
ernotei
sequalt o1beat ,
thenreal
izet
hatadott
edquar ternot
eisequalto1beat
pl
ushalfofonebeat
.Sot hetotalvalueofadott
edquart
ernoteisoneandhal f(1½beats)
.

Whatcanhel
pst
udentt
eacher
stocomposegoodsongs?

[Link]
ngbasi
cknowl
edgeandski
ll
sinwr
it
ingandr
eadi
ngr
hyt
hmsaswel
lasi
n
 put
ti
ngwor
dst
orhyt
hmsi
nnot
ati
on.

St
atet
hedi
ff
erentnot
ati
onsyst
emsusedi
ncomposi
ngmusi
c.

[Link]
affnot
ati
on [Link]
-f
anot
ati
on [Link]
aphi
cnot
ati
on

Definestaffnotat
ion.-St
affnot
ati
onisputt
ingnotesonasetoff
ivel
inescal
ledstaf
[Link]
notati
onofmusi calsoundsconsi
stsofst
aff(st
ave),
clef
s,met
er(
timesignat
ure)
,notes,
rest
s,
keysignature.

Whati
sastaff
/st
ave?Itisasetoff
ivel
inesandf
ourspacesonwhi
chmusi
calsymbol
sar
e
wr
it
tentogi
veamelodyorasong.

Thestaf
fisformedbyf i
veparall
elhorizont
allinesandf ourspaces,whicharenumberedf r
om
bott
om [Link] i
nesoft hestaffarearrangedstepwise,creati
ngsomethingli
ke
aladder
.Musicalnotesarewri
ttenont hestafftoshowt heirpi
[Link] i
neandspace
onthestaf
frepresentsadif
fer
[Link](note)hasitsownlettername(notename)

Ther
ear
etwost
aveswhi
char
esepar
atedbyal
inecal
ledmi
ddl
eC.

Whatareledgerli
nes?Areanyaddit
ionall
inesthatar
ewr
it
tenaboveorbel
oweachst
aff
.
Theyi
ndicatepi
tchesaboveorbel
owt hest
af f
.

Letter(
note)[Link] ewr i
tt
enonthefi
velinesandf ourspaces
ofthestaf
[Link]
hel et
terswhichar
eusedi nident
if
yingmusi c
notesandsounds(pi
tches)
.Thelet
ternamescreateamusi cal
phabetofsevenlett
[Link]
[Link] erecur
rent,meani
ngthatafterG,wegotoA, t
hiskeepsonl i
kethat.

Cl
efs–isasignwhichiswrit
tenatt
hebegi
nni
ngofeachst
[Link]
efsi
gnt
elluswhi
chof
t
hestaveswearegoingtouse.

GandFcl
ef-t
hesear
esymbol
sal
locat
edatt
hebegi
nni
ngoft
hest
aff
,ont
hel
eftend.

Gcl
ef–t
hissymboli
sal
soknownast
het
rebl
ecl
[Link]
efi
dent
if
iest
hesecondl
inef
rom
t
hebot
tom asl
[Link]
ebl
ecl
efi
susedf
orsopr
anoandal
tovoi
cesi
nchor
almusi
c.

Fcl
ef-t hi
ssymboli
salsoknownast heBasscl
[Link]
efi
dent
ifi
esthelocat
ionofFi
n
t
hefour
thli
neofthest
[Link]
susedfort
enorandbassvoices.

Barli
nes/measur
el i
nes-thi
sisthespacebetweenthebar/measur
eli
nesont
hest
aff
whichdi
videt
hest
affi
ntopart
scontai
ningequalnumbersofbeat
s.

Barormeasur
e–i
sthespacebet
weent
hebar/
measur
eli
nesandcont
ainsspeci
fi
ednumber
ofbeat
s.

Sol
-f
asyl
labl
es–t
hesear
ethepi
tchnames: DO RE MI FA SO LA TI
DO

Acci
dent
als-asetofsi
gns,whenplacedbef
oreanote,al
tert
hepi
tchoft
hatnot
ebyahal
f
st
ep,t
hesear
etheshar
psigns,
flatsi
gnsornatur
alsi
gns.

Keysi gnature–isagroupingatthebeginningofacomposi t
ionofallt
heacci
dent
alsf
oundin
thescaleonwhi [Link]
if
ieswhichpi
[Link]
sshownonthe
staffwithsharpsorfl
[Link]
splacedatthebegi
nni
ngofthest
aff
aftert
hecl efsi
gn.

St
atet
hef
unct
ionsoft
hekeysi
gnat
ure
 [Link]
pst
oident
if
ythel
ocat
ionof‘
doh’
int
hemusi
cwr
it
tenont
hest
aff

2.I
ndi
cat
est
hescal
einwhi
chmusi
cont
hest
affshoul
dbepl
ayed

[Link]
xest
heact
ualpi
tchesi
nthei
rri
ghtposi
ti
onsast
hecomposeri
ntendst
hem t
osound

b b
O

O # #

b
O

Key C KeyD Key E Key F KeyG Key A KeyB

Keysi
gnat
uresymbol
s

[Link]
p(#)–t
hisr
aisesanot
ebyahal
fst
[Link]
pisasemi
-t
one.

[Link]
lat(
b)–t
hisl
ower
sanot
ebyahal
fst
[Link]
lati
sal
soasemi
-t
one.

[Link]
ural(
o)–t
hisbr
ingst
henot
ebackt
oit
snor
malposi
ti
on.

Rul
est
ofol
lowt
hekey(
doh)

1.I
fther
ear
enoshar
psorf
lat
s,t
hent
hekeyofmusi
cisCmaj
ororAmi
nor(
Am)

2.I
fther
eisoneshar
p,t
hekeyi
sGorEmi
nor(
Em)

3.I
fther
eisonef
lat
,thekeyi
sForDmi
nor(
Dm)

4.I
fther
earemor
ethanonesharps,
gotot
hel
astshar
p,andt
henmoveahal
fst
ep
f
orwardt
ogetwher
e“doh”i
slocat
ed

5.I
fther
earemorethanoneflat,
got othel
astf
lat
,andt
henmovebackt
othel
astbutone
f
lat
.Thisi
swherethe“doh”islocat
ed.

Scale–thisi
sthearr
angementofnot
esusuall
yofthesamet onal
it
y,ei
theri
nascendi
ngor
descendi
ngorder
.Thepit
chesmaybeone-steporhal
fstepapartfr
om eachother
.For
i
nstance,
C D EFG A BCi stheCscale,G A B C D E F GistheGscale

Gi
vet
woexampl
esofscal
e
 [Link]
cscal
e–t hi
sisascalet
hatincl
udeseightpit
chesinamaj ororminorscales,
[Link] re mif a solat [Link]
cscaleexistsi namaj orandmi nor
scale.I
namajorscal
e,themovementfrom thefi
rstnotetot heeighthisalwaysl i
ke
this:Whol
est
ep,Wholestep,
Halfst
ep,Wholestep,Wholest ep, Wholestep,Halfstep
(WWHWWWH) .Themovementinadi at
onicminorscaleisasf ol
lows ;
WHWWWHWW

[Link]
atoni
cscale–thi
sisascal
ethati
ncl
udesonlyfi
vepi
tchesi
nmaj
orormi
nor
scal
e(t
hefour
thandsevent
hpit
chesarel
eftout
),e.
[Link].

Whati
str
ansposi
ti
onort
ransposi
ngi
nmusi
c?

Transposi
ti
oninmusicrefer
sinmusict
otheprocessofchangi
ngapi
eceofmusi
cfr
om one
keytoanother
.Forexamplefrom Ct
oD,orGtoC [Link]
ayorwr
it
ethe
samemusi cindi
ff
erentkeys.

Whydowet
ransposemusi
c?

[Link]
pspeopl
ewhomaywi
sht
osi
ngorpl
aymusi
catahi
gherorl
owerkeyt
osi
ngwi
th
comfort

2.I
treducest
hemonot
onyofl
ist
eni
ngt
othesamemusi
crepeat
edl
y.

Thepr
ocessoft
ransposi
ngmusi
c

[Link]
het
ransposi
ti
onyouwantt
omake

[Link]
it
ethenewkeysi
gnat
ure

[Link]
henot
es

[Link]
hekeysi
gnat
ure

[Link]
henamesofal
lthecor
ds

Composi
ngmel
odi
es

Mel
odyi
susual
lyf
ormedbyacombi
nat
ionofr
hyt
hm andpi
tch.

Def
inecomposi
ti
[Link]
ti
oni
stheactofwr
it
ingyourownmel
odi
es.

Whatar
ethet
echni
quesf
orwr
it
ingmel
odi
es?

[Link]
erhythmsfir
standl
aterputdownsol
-f
anames(
do,
re,
mi,
fa,
sol
a,t
i,do)f
or
eachnotee.g.
[Link]
hemel
odyort
uneonast
affasshownbel
ow;

[Link]
ntst
orememberwhenput
ti
ngt
hemel
odyonast
aff
;

a.I
ndi
cat
ethekeysi
gnat
ureofyourmel
ody

[Link]
heti
mesignat
urewhi
chwil
lindi
cat
ethenumberofbeat
sineachbarandt
he
nameofthenot
ewhichr
ecei
vesonebeatdur
ati
on

[Link]
ranget
henot
esi
nascendi
nganddescendi
ngor
der

[Link]
videt
het
uneorr
hyt
hm i
ntosmal
lpi
ecescal
ledbar
sormeasur
es

[Link]
ebarl
inesatt
heendoft
hemel
odysoast
omar
ktheendoft
hemel
ody
cr
eated

f
. Al
lnotesfr
om t
hethi
rdl
ineupwar
dshavest
emsont
hel
eftsi
deoft
hei
rheadsand
t
hestem godown

[Link]
lnot
esbel
owt
het
hir
dli
nehavest
emsont
her
ightoft
hei
rheadsandt
hest
ems
goupwar
ds

[Link]
tesol-
fanamesfi
rstandthencreatear
hyt
hm pat
ter
nforsol
-f
anamesf
ir
stand
t
hencreatearhyt
hm pat
ter
nf orsol
-f
anamese.g.

a. Cr
eat
esol
-f
anamesl
ike; dosodor
emisof
amir
emif
aredot
ido

[Link]
hyt
hm t
osol
-f
anamese.
g.

[Link]
ansf
ert
het
unet
oast
affasf
oll
ows
 [Link]
ti
ngwor
dst
oagi
vent
une

- Themelodi
escanbecomesongsifyoui
mpr
ovi
sewordstot
hem sot
hat
i
nsteadofsi
ngi
ngthetoni
csol
-f
anamesonecannowsingt
hewordsoft
he
song.

- Sel
ectsyl
labl
esorwor
dswhi
chwi
l
lrhymewi
tht
her
hyt
hm

- Eachsyl
labl
eshoul
datl
eastst
andf
orapar
ti
cul
arnot
ee.
g.

Chapt
er8 Holi
sti
cteachi
ngofphysical,
sport
ingandarti
sti
cact
ivit
ies
Br
ief
lyexpl
aint
het
erm hol
ist
ict
eachi
ng.

Holi
sti
cteachi
ngisanapproachli
nki
ngaper sontoasociet
yandwor
ldatl
arget
ofi
ndt
hesel
f
andvalueofli
fet
hroughl
earningandteachi
ngprocess.

Holi
sti
cteachingf ocusesonthreedomai nsofeducat
ionwhi
charecogni
ti
ve,af
fect
iveand
cogni
ti
[Link] opi
ngthewhol ebeingofaper
sonthr
oughthelear
ningdomains
i
nphysical,sport
ingandar t
isti
cacti
vit
ies.

Di
scusst
hei
mpor
tanceofhol
ist
ict
eachi
ngi
nphysi
cal
,spor
ti
ngandar
ti
sti
cact
ivi
ti
es.

[Link]
pst
ounder
standhowwecancar
ryoutt
asksi
nthet
eachi
ngofexpr
essi
vear
ts

[Link]
ingsunder
standi
ngofhowt
hisappr
oachcanbei
ncor
por
atedi
not
hersubj
ect
s

3. Aheal
thyandconf
identl
ear
nermayeasi
lyl
ear
navar
iet
yofconcept
sincl
ass
 [Link]
opscr
eat
ivi
tyi
nlear
ner
sandi
sakeyi
ndevel
opi
ngski
ll
sofi
nnovat
ionand
i
nspir
ati
oni
nthem

[Link]
pslear
ner
stoapplyconceptslear
nti
nschoolt
ohomeandot
hersi
tuat
ions,
wher
elear
ner
sconnectandconver
sewi t
hot
herpeopl
e

[Link]
ptosuppor
tlear
ner
swi
thl
ear
ningdi
sabi
li
ti
esasi
tlooksonl
ear
ner
sdi
ver
sit
y

[Link]
cal,
soci
al,
emot
ional
andspi
ri
tualdevel
opment

Holist
ict
eachi
ngisanapproachthatexpr
essesthateducat
ionshouldnotjustbef
oralear
ner
togetbet
tergr
adesontheconceptlear
ntbutal
sot odevel
opawel l
-bal
ancedandheal
thy
person

Holisti
cteachi
ngistheeducat
iont
hatt
akesi
ntoaccountt
hewhol
eper
sont
hroughspor
ti
ng,
physicalandar
tist
icact
ivi
ti
es.

I
dent
if
yst
rat
egi
esf
orhol
ist
ict
eachi
ng

1.i
dent
if
ytheneedsofal
llear
ner
sincl
ass

[Link]
istf
oral
lthel
ear
ner
sincl
ass

[Link]/beawar
eoft
hevar
iousl
ear
ningabi
li
ti
esofl
ear
ner
sincl
ass

[Link]
ear
ner
sabi
li
tybyencour
agi
ngt
hei
rcr
eat
ivi
tywi
thi
ntheact
ivi
ty

[Link]
deoppor
tuni
ti
esf
orl
ear
ner
stodi
scovernewi
deasori
nvent
ionswi
thi
nthei
r
abil
it
ies

[Link]
ear
ner
sthi
nkabouthowt
heycanaddf
unornewsuggest
ionst
otheact
ivi
ti
es

[Link]
smustbef
lexi
blei
nor
dert
oal
lowdevel
opmentofcr
eat
ivi
tyi
nthei
rlear
ner
s

[Link] touseavar
iet
yofteachi
ngandlear
ningstr
ategi
[Link]
st
rat
egiesshouldbethosewhichal
lowlear
nerstobef
reetounlockthei
rtal
ent
sand
di
scoverthei
rinnerst
rengt
h

Whatar
ethet
eachi
ngandl
ear
ningmet
hodst
ousei
nhol
ist
ict
eachi
ng?

[Link]
it
icalt
hinki
ngmet
hods

[Link]
ti
cipat
oryt
eachi
ngandl
ear
ningmet
hods
Ment
iont
heaspect
sofhol
ist
ict
eachi
ng

[Link] bui
ldi
ng

[Link]
opi
ngcr
eat
ivi
tyi
nlear
ner
s

Howcanholi
sti
cteachi
ngst
rat
egi
esbeempl
oyedi
nsever
alphysi
cal
,spor
ti
ngandar
ti
sti
c
act
ivi
ti
es?

[Link]
artbyi
ntr
oduci
ngl
ear
ner
stoanumberoft
eam bui
ldi
ngact
ivi
ti
es

[Link]
det
heresourcesandt
heaut
onomyt
oexpl
oret
hei
[Link]
vel
ear
ner
sthe
chancet
oint
eractwit
hther
esour
ces.

Throughholi
sti
cteachi
ngandl ear
ning,t
heactivi
ti
eslearntinExpressi
veArtsshouldhel
pin
theteachi
ngofothersubjectssimil
arl
y,theconceptslearnti
nothersubject
sshouldhelp
l
earnersindevel
opingtheirdances,music,dr
ama, sport
ingacti
vit
iesandvisualar
ts.

Whatar
esomeoft
hechal
lengesf
acedi
nhol
ist
ict
eachi
ng?

1.I
tisdi
ff
icul
ttoapproachthechi
ld’
sgrowthasacol
laborat
ionbet
weenparent
sand
t
eacher
[Link]
di str
eateddi
ff
erent
lyathomebyparent
sandatschoolbyteacher
s

[Link]
sdi f
fi
cul
ttoapplyholi
sti
cteachi
nginaclassofl
earner
sofdi
verseneedsand
abil
it
ies.I
trequi
resalotofeff
ortbythet
eacherf
orexamplei
nlar
geclasses

[Link]
eat
ivi
tyont
hepar
toft
het
eacherandmustal
soi
nst
il
lcr
eat
ivi
tyi
n
l
earner
s.

Whatar
ethesol
uti
onst
othechal
lengesf
acedi
nhol
ist
ict
eachi
ng?

Chapter6Teachingeradi
cat
ionofdiscri
minat
ion
and
prej
udiceinphysi
cal,sport
ingand
art
ist
ic
acti
vit
ies
Di
ff
erent
iat
edi
scr
imi
nat
ionandpr
ejudi
ce.
Discriminat
ionist r
eati
ngpeopl eunf air
lybecauseofage, disabil
it
y,et
hnici
ty,or
igi
n,race,
rel
[Link] ej
udiceishavingpr econceivedopi niont hatisnotbasedonr easonoractual
exper i
enceleadingtoanunf airfeel
ingofdi sl
ikef oraper sonf orexamplehavingnegat i
ve
att
itudetowar dsfemalelearnersorphysi call
ychal lengedl earnersbefor
eseeingtheirabil
it
ies.
Prejudiceanddi scri
minati
oncannegat ivel
yaf fectperformancei nphysi
cal,sporti
ngand
arti
sticacti
vit
ies.

Descr
ibet
hewaysi
nwhi
chdi
scr
imi
nat
ionandpr
ejudi
cecanbepor
trayedi
nExpr
essi
veAr
ts.

[Link]
-dependingontradi
ti
onssomeacti
vit
iesaresaidtobeforonesexf
orexample
sweepi
ngf orfemal
esonly,
ifmendoiti
tssocial
lyunacceptabl
[Link]
nsoci
etycal
ls
fort
heinvolvementofbothmalesandfemalesinallact
ivi
ti
es.

Whatar
etheexampl
esofdi
scr
imi
nat
ionandpr
ejudi
cei
nthef
oll
owi
ngf
ormsofar
t?

[Link]
c

[Link]

[Link]
ama

[Link]
caleducat
ion

Ster
eotypedact
ivi
tyi
sanact
ivi
tyt
hati
sdonebyonesexonl
[Link]-
ster
eot
ypedact
ivi
tyi
san
acti
vit
ythati
sdonebybot
hsexes.

Whyi
siti
mpor
tantt
hatal
lspor
ti
ngandar
ti
sti
cact
ivi
ti
esshoul
dbedonebybot
hsexes?

- Toensur
ethatski
ll
sar
etr
ansf
err
edf
rom onegener
ati
ont
oanot
her
.

Whyar
esomear
ti
sti
cact
ivi
ti
esonl
ydonebyonesex?

Whati
stheat
ref
orchangeanddevel
opment
?

Theatreforchangeisapr ogressionfrom thetr

aditi
onalt
heatrefor
m whichwasl ess
i
nteracti
vetoamor edi
alogicaltheatrefor
m [Link]
heatr
eforchangeand
developmentpeopleareinvolvedi ntackli
ngthei
rchall
enges,leadi
ngtotheirempowerment
.
Thisform ofartusesdramat oassi stinfi
ghti
ngdiscri
minati
onandpr ej
udiceinsoci
ety.

Menti
onsomeoftheresourcesinteachinger
adi
cat
ionofdi
scr
imi
nat
ionandpr
ejudi
cei
n
physi
cal
,spor
ti
ngandarti
sticact
ivit
ies.

Cost
umes,
char
tswi
thi
ll
ust
rat
ion,
penci
ls,
crayonset
c

Ment
iont
eachi
ng,
lear
ningandassessmentmet
hodsi
nteachi
nger
adi
cat
iondi
scr
imi
nat
ion
andpr
ejudi
cei
nphysi
cal
,spor
ti
ngandar
ti
sti
cact
ivi
ti
es.

Chapt
er7Theteachi
ngofmeansof
expr
essionandcommuni
cat
ion
Whyar
espor
ti
ngandar
ti
sti
cact
ivi
ti
esar
eimpor
tantt
oindi
vidual
s?

- Maket
hebodi
esphysi
cal
lyf
it

- Actasasour
ceofi
ncome

- At
tr
actl
ear
ner
stogot
oschool
ast
heypr
ovi
det
hem wi
thenj
oyment

- Learner
sareabl
etoexpr
esst
hei
rinnerf
eel
ingsandt
ocommuni
cat
ewi
tht
heout
sidei
na
vari
etyofways

Whyi
srepet
it
ionandcont
rasti
mpor
tanti
nspor
ti
ngact
ivi
ti
es?

- Makest
hespor
ti
ngact
ivi
ti
esat
tr
act
iveandappeal
ingt
otheeye

Whati
srepet
it
ions?

Repet
it
ioni
sther
e-appear
anceofashape,
desi
gn,
pat
ter
n,st
epsoranyvi
sualwor
kinar
t
wor
ks

St
atet
hei
mpor
tancer
epet
it
ioni
nar
twor
ks

[Link]
nfor
cet
hemessagei
nthear
twor
kli
keachor
usi
napi
eceofmusi
c

[Link]
awt
heat
tent
iont
oapi
eceofwor
k

[Link]
ingcoher
encei
nanar
twor
k

[Link]
eat
erhymei
nthear
twor
k

[Link]
eat
epat
ter
nst
hatar
eat
tr
act
iveandappeal
ingt
oourf
eel
ings

Di
sadvant
ageofr
epet
it
ion

[Link] epet
it
ionbr
ingsmonot
onyandbor
edom i
napi
eceofar
twor
kandspor
ti
ng
act
ivi
ti
es.

Whatar
econtrast
s? Areanarr
angementofdi
ff
erentoropposi
tef
eaturesofapi
eceof
ar
twor
kforexamplei
ndr
awingal
inefol
lowedbyashapeandthendi
ffer
entshapes

Whyar
econt
rast
simpor
tant
?
 [Link]
ingvar
iet
yinapi
eceofar
twor
kandspor
ti
ngact
ivi
ti
es

[Link]
eexcit
ementt
othevi
ewer
sorl
ist
ener
ssi
ncet
heybr
ingi
nanewdi
mensi
oni
nar
t
andsport
s

[Link]
ractthevi
ewer
s’att
ent
ionbecauset
heycr
eat
epat
ter
nst
hatar
eat
tr
act
iveand
appeal
ingtoourf
eeli
ngs

[Link]
eat
erhymei
nthear
twor
k

Whati
sdr
awi
ng?

Drawingisthear
tofj
oini
ngandorderl
yarr
angementofl
[Link]
inescanbestr
aight,
curved,
zigzagort
heycanfor
m di
ffer
entshapese.
g.t
ri
angles,r
ect
angles,
squar
es,cir
cles
etc

St
atet
het
ypesofdr
awi
ng

[Link]
eehanddrawi
ng–isdrawingofanobj
ectusi
ngapenci
l/
penandpaperonl
[Link]
dr
awrelaxt
hebodyespeci
all
ythel
imbs

[Link]
caldr
awi
ng–i
sdr
awi
ngofobj
ect
susi
ngt
ool
se.
gar
uler
,setsquar
eet
c

[Link]
aci
ng–i
sthet
ransf
erofdr
awi
ngsorpat
ter
nsf
rom onesur
facet
oanot
her
.

St
atet
hewaysf
ordoi
ngt
raci
ng

[Link]
ngcar
bonpaperwi
thadeadpen

[Link]
ngper
for
ati
onsar
oundt
hedr
awi
ngs

[Link]
ngl
ightf
rom t
hewi
ndowongl
asspanes

[Link]
ti
ngoutt
empl
atesoft
hei
tem youwantt
odr
aw

Whydopeopl
edr
aw?

[Link]
ceofi
ncome

[Link]
m ofsel
f-
expr
essi
on

[Link]
ptosi
mpl
if
yconcept
scommuni
cat
emessagesespeci
all
ythr
oughcar
toons

Whatar
etheski
ll
sinvol
vedi
ndr
awi
ng?

[Link]
awl
argeshapesf
orpeopl
etosee

[Link]
awswi
ft
lymovi
ngyourbodyasyoudr
aw

[Link]
wayspr
act
icedr
awi
ngt
oper
fectt
hear
tofdr
awi
ng
Dr
awi
ngscanbecol
our
edt
oenhancecommuni
cat
ionandmaket
hem mor
eat
tr
act
ive

St
epbyst
epdr
awi
ng

[Link]
awl
ine

[Link]
nthel
inest
ofor
m shapes

[Link]
ntheshapest
ofor
m obj
ect
s e.
gdr
awi
ngabi
rd

Thedr
awi
ngal
phabet/ABCofdr
awi
ng

Thedr
awingal
phabeti
smadeupofli
nesandgeometr
icalshapes.I
tisameani
ngf
ul
combi
nat
ionofl
inesandshapest
ocr
eat
ethedesi
redshapesandobj ect
s.

Cost
umescanber
eadymadeorcanbemadef
rom l
ocalorcommer
cialmat
eri
als.

Whatar
ethef
act
orst
oconsi
derwhenpr
oduci
ngcost
umes?

[Link]
ement
soft
heper
sonput
ti
ngi
ton

[Link]
eri
alsr
equi
red

[Link]
gnandpat
ter
noft
hecost
ume

[Link]
ivi
tyf
orwhi
cht
hecost
umei
sbei
ngmade

Whatar
ethef
unct
ionsf
orcost
umesi
ndr
ama?

[Link]
act
erbei
ngpor
trayedi
nthepl
ayorper
for
mance

[Link]
cat
einf
ormat
ionaboutt
het
imeorper
iodt
hepl
ayi
sbei
ngconduct
ed

[Link]
atet
hechar
act
erandi
nthepr
ocessbr
ingmor
efuni
napl
ay

Whatar
ethef
act
orst
oconsi
derwhenpr
oduci
ngcost
umesf
ordancesanddr
ama?

[Link]
eri
alssuchascl
oth,
ani
mal
ski
n,si
salet
c

[Link]
act
ersbei
ngpor
trayed

[Link]

St
atet
hei
mpor
tanceofcost
umes/at
ti
rei
nphysi
calandspor
ti
ngact
ivi
ti
es
 [Link]
lowsf
orf
reemovementdur
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etyofacti
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ty

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fer
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sitt
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Chapt
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Def
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Anartisti
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Whatdoyouunder
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es?