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Python Dictionary Guide and Examples

The document provides an overview of dictionaries in Python, highlighting their characteristics such as being mutable, unordered, and defined using key-value pairs. It covers how to access, modify, and traverse dictionaries, as well as built-in functions and methods available for dictionary manipulation. Additionally, it includes suggested programs for counting characters in a string and managing employee salary data using dictionaries.

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16 views5 pages

Python Dictionary Guide and Examples

The document provides an overview of dictionaries in Python, highlighting their characteristics such as being mutable, unordered, and defined using key-value pairs. It covers how to access, modify, and traverse dictionaries, as well as built-in functions and methods available for dictionary manipulation. Additionally, it includes suggested programs for counting characters in a string and managing employee salary data using dictionaries.

Uploaded by

gk587ktprm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Dictionary in Python

1. Introduction
• A dictionary in Python is a collection of key–value pairs.
• Each key is unique and maps to a value.
• Dictionaries are unordered (till Python 3.6, now insertion-
ordered since Python 3.7), mutable, and allow fast lookups.
• Defined using {} braces.
• my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "New York"}

2. Accessing Items in a Dictionary


• Using keys:
print(my_dict["name"]) # Output: Alice
• Using .get():
print(my_dict.get("salary"))
# Output: Not Found

3. Mutability of a Dictionary
Dictionaries are mutable, meaning we can change them after
creation.
a) Adding a new term
my_dict["salary"] = 50000
b) Modifying an existing item
my_dict["age"] = 26
4. Traversing a Dictionary
We can loop through keys, values, or key-value pairs:
for key in my_dict:
print(key, my_dict[key])

for value in my_dict.values():


print(value)

for key, value in my_dict.items():


print(key, ":", value)

5. Built-in Functions and Methods


Function/Method Description Example
len(d) Returns len(my_dict)
number of
items
dict() Creates a dict(a=1, b=2)
dictionary
keys() Returns keys my_dict.keys()
values() Returns values my_dict.values()
items() Returns key- my_dict.items()
value pairs
get(key) Returns value my_dict.get("age")
of key, or
None if
missing
update(d2) Updates with my_dict.update({"city":
another "London"})
dictionary
del d[key] Deletes an del my_dict["age"]
item by key
clear() Removes all my_dict.clear()
items
fromkeys(seq, Creates new [Link]([1,2,3], 0)
val) dict from
sequence
copy() Returns a d2 = my_dict.copy()
shallow copy
pop(key) Removes and my_dict.pop("age")
returns value
by key
popitem() Removes last my_dict.popitem()
inserted key-
value pair
setdefault(key, Returns value; my_dict.setdefault("dept",
val) sets if not "HR")
exists
max(d) Returns max max(my_dict)
key
min(d) Returns min min(my_dict)
key
sorted(d) Returns sorted sorted(my_dict)
list of keys

6. Suggested Programs
(a) Count number of times a character appears in a string
text = "dictionary"
char_count = {}

for char in text:


char_count[char] = char_count.get(char, 0) + 1

print(char_count)
# Output: {'d': 1, 'i': 2, 'c': 1, 't': 1, 'o': 1, 'n': 1, 'a': 1, 'r': 1, 'y': 1}

(b) Create a dictionary with employee names and salary


employees = {
"Alice": 50000,
"Bob": 60000,
"Charlie": 70000
}
# Accessing salary of Bob
print("Bob's Salary:", employees["Bob"])

# Adding a new employee


employees["David"] = 80000

# Updating salary
employees["Alice"] = 55000

# Traversing
for name, salary in [Link]():
print(name, "earns", salary)

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