Chapter-2 : Operators & Control Statements
Operators
-> Operator is a symbol which performs some operation on operands
int a = 10 ;
int b = 20 ;
int c = a + b;
-> We have below operators in java
1) Arithmetic Operators
2) Logical Operators
3) Relational Operators
4) Assignment Operators
5) New operator
6) dot (.) Operator
7) Ternary operator (Conditional Operator)
-> Arithmetic Operators are used to perform Arithmetic Operations ( Calculations )
1) Addition -----> +
2) Subtraction ----> -
3) Division ------------> / (quotient)
4) Multiplication ----------> *
5) Modules ---------> % (reminder)
6) Increment -------> ++
7) Decrement ------> --
Increment and Decrement Operators
--> Increment (++) is used to increase the value of variable by 1
-> Increment is divided into 2 types
1) Post Increment ( a ++ )
2) Pre Increment ( ++ a )
--> Decrement (--) is used to decrease the value of variable by 1
-> Decrement is divided into 2 types
1) Post Decrement ( a -- )
2) Pre-Decrement ( --a )
class PostIncrement {
public static void main(String... args){
int a = 5;
[Link](a++); // it will print 5 then it will become 6
a++; // it will become 7
[Link](a++); // it will print 7 then it will become 8
[Link](a); // it will print 8
class PreIncrement {
public static void main(String... args){
int a = 5;
[Link] ( ++ a ); // it will become 6 then it will print
++ a ; // it will become 7
[Link](++a); // it will become 8 then it will print
[Link](a); // it will print 8
class PostPreIncrement {
public static void main(String... args){
int a = 5;
int b = ++a + a++ + a++ + ++a;
// int b = 6 + 6 + 7 + 9 ==> 28
[Link](b);
class Decrement {
public static void main(String... args){
int a = 5;
[Link]( a -- ); // it will print 5 then it will become 4
[Link]( -- a); // it will become 3 then it will print 3
class PostPreDecrement {
public static void main(String... args){
int a = 5;
int b = a-- + --a + a--;
// int b = 5 + 3 + 3
[Link] ( b );
Relational Operators
-> Relations Operators are used to check relation between two Operands
> , < , >= , <=, !=, ==
Logical Operators
-> To check more than one condition then we will use Logical operators
AND ----> &&
OR -----> ||
NOT -----> !
Assignment Operator
-> Equals ( = ) is called as assignment operator
-> It is used to assign the value for a variable
int a = 10 ;
New operator
-> It is used to create the object for a class
ClassName refVar = new ClassName ( );
Note: Creating object means allocating memory in heap area
Dot (.) Operator
-> Dot operator is used to access class variables & methods
[Link] ( );
[Link]
[Link]
Ternary Operator / Conditional Operator
-> Ternary operator is used for decision making
Syntax:
( condition ) ? expression-1 : expression-2
-> If condition satisfied then expression-1 will execute otherwise expression-2 will
execute
Instanceof operator
- > It is used to check object reference belong to a class or not
Syntax:
String str = "ashokit";
if (str instanceof String ) {
//logic
}
Control Statements
-> Java program code will execute line by line sequentially (this is default behaviour)
-> In project code should execute based on user operation
-> To satisfy user requirement our code should execute based on some conditions
-> Using Control Statements we can control program execution flow
-> Control Statements are divided into 3 types
1) Decision Making Statements / Conditional Statements
2) Looping Statements
3) Transfer / Branching Statements
Conditional Statements
=> Execute the code only once based on condition
1) simple if
2) if - else
3) if - else - if - else -if - else (if else ladder)
4) switch
Looping Statements
=> To execute the code repeatedly
1) while loop
2) do-while loop
3) for loop
4) for-each loop
Branching / Transfer Statements
1) break;
2) continue;
3) return
Simple if
-> To execute the statements based on condition
Syntax:
if ( condition )
// stmt - 1
// stmt - 2
// stmt - 3
or
if (condition )
//stmt
class SimpleIf{
public static void main(String... args){
int a = 100;
int b = 20;
if( a > b ) {
[Link]("a is greater than b");
[Link]("Completed");
}
[Link]("Bye");
class IfElseDemo {
public static void main (String... args){
int age = 16 ;
if ( age >= 18 ) {
[Link]("Eligible For Vote") ;
} else {
[Link]("Not eligible for Vote");
Requirement :
int a = 20;
if a > 0 -----> display msg as 'a is positive number'
if a < 0 ----> display msg as 'a is negative number'
When above both conditions are failed then display msg as 'a is zero'
Syntax:
if ( condition_1 ) {
// stmt - 1
} else if ( condition_2 ) {
// stmt - 2
} else if ( condition_3 ) {
//stmt - 3
} else {
//stmt-4
-> if condition_1 is pass then it will execute only stmt-1
-> if condition_1 is fail then it will check condition_2
-> If condition_2 is pass then it will execute only stmt-2
-> If condition_2 is fail then it will check condition_3
-> If condition_3 is pass then it will execute only stmt-3
-> If condition_3 is fail then directley stmt-4 will be executed
class IfElseLadderDemo {
public static void main(String... args){
int a = 0;
if( a > 0) {
[Link](" a is positive number ");
} else if ( a < 0 ) {
[Link]("a is negative number");
} else {
[Link]("a is zero");
}
}
Assignment: Develop a java program to decide role of software engineer based on
his/her experience
0 - 2 year exp -----> Associate Engineer
3 - 5 years exp -----> Software Engineer
6 - 9 years exp -----> [Link] Engineer
10 - 13 years exp ----> Manager
class RoleFinder {
public static void main(String... args) {
int exp = 13;
if( exp >= 0 && exp <= 2 ){
[Link]("Associate Engineer");
}else if ( exp >= 3 && exp <=5 ){
[Link]("Software Engineer");
}else if( exp >= 6 && exp <=9 ){
[Link]("Sr. Software Engineer");
}else if( exp >= 10 && exp <=13 ){
[Link]("Manager");
}else {
[Link]("Role Not Found");
}
=> In above program we have hardcoded value for the variable
=> If we want to test our program with different values we need compile and execute
every time
=> To overcome this problem we can read the data from keyboard
How to read data from keyboard In Java
1) BufferedReader ( [Link] )
2) Scanner ( [Link] )
3) Command Line Arguments (input for main method)
-----------------------BufferedReader Program-------------------------
import [Link].*;
class RoleFinder {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader([Link]);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
String str = [Link] ( );
int exp = [Link](str);
if( exp >= 0 && exp <= 2 ){
[Link]("Associate Engineer");
}else if ( exp >= 3 && exp <=5 ){
[Link]("Software Engineer");
}else if( exp >= 6 && exp <=9 ){
[Link]("Sr. Software Engineer");
}else if( exp >= 10 && exp <=13 ){
[Link]("Manager");
}else {
[Link]("Role Not Found");
Requirement : Write a java program to find given number is odd or even
Note: Read number from keyboard
import [Link].*;
class OddOrEven {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader([Link]);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader ( isr );
[Link]("Enter Number");
String str = [Link] ( );
int num = [Link] (str);
if( num % 2 == 0){
[Link]("It is even");
}else{
[Link]("It is odd");
}
Assignment -1 : Write a java program to check given number is a prime number or
not
Assignment -2 : Write a java program to check given year is a leap year or not
swtich case
-> Using switch case we can make decision
-> When we have upto 5 conditions test then if-else is recommended
-> When we have 10 or 20 conditions to test then switch is recommended
syntax
switch ( case ) {
case 1 : // stmt - 1
break;
case 2 : // stmt - 2
break;
case 3 : // stmt - 3
break;
default : // stmt - default
Requirement: Write a java program to read a number from keyboard.
Based on the given number print week of the day using 'switch' case
1 - Monday
2 - Tuesday
3 - Wednesday
4 - Thursday
5- Friday
6 - Saturday
7 - Sunday
>7 - No day found
import [Link].*;
class WeekDay {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader([Link]);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
[Link]("Enter number");
String str = [Link] ( );
int num = [Link](str);
switch ( num ) {
case 1 : [Link]("Monday");
break;
case 2 : [Link]("Tuesday");
break;
case 3 : [Link]("Wednesday");
break;
case 4 : [Link]("Thursday");
break;
case 5 : [Link]("Friday");
break;
case 6 : [Link]("Saturday");
break;
case 7 : [Link]("Sunday");
break;
default : [Link]("Day not found");
1) simple if
2) if - else
3) if - else if - else
4) switch
Conclusion
1) 'if' accepts only boolean value (or) boolean expression
2) 'switch' accepts numbers, char & strings (added in java 1.7v)
3) switch will not accept boolean and decimal values
4) switch cases should belongs to same type
5) switch case datatype and switch case input value should belongs to same datatype
6) 'default' case is optional in 'switch case'
7) 'break' keyword is also optional in 'switch case'
Loops in Java
-> Loops are used to execute statements repeatedly
-> In java we have below loops
1) while loop
2) do-while loop
3) for loop
4) for-each loop (arrays & collections)
While loop
-> While loop is used to execute statements until condition is true
-> while loop is called as conditional based loop
-> If condition is true then loop statements will execute otherwise loop will be
terminated
Syntax:
while ( condition ){
//stmts
}
Q) Write a java program to print numbers from 1 to 10 using while loop
class WhileDemo {
public static void main (String... args){
int i = 1;
while ( i <= 10 ){
[Link](i);
i++;
do-while loop
-> It is used to execute statements first then it will check the condition
-> do-while is also called as conditional based loop only
Syntax:
do{
//stmts
}while (condition );
Q) Write a java program to print numbers from 1 to 10 using do-while loop
class DoWhile{
public static void main(String... args){
int i = 1;
do {
[Link](i);
i++;
}while (i <= 10);
Q) What is the difference between while and do-while ?
while ==> It will check the condition first then it will execute the statements
do-while ==> It will execute statement first then it will check condition.
Note: Even if condition is not satisfied our statement will execute once.
for loop
-> It is used to execute statements multiple times
-> For loop is called as Range based loop
Syntax:
for ( initialization ; condition ; increment / decrement ) {
//stmts
Q) Write java program to print numbers from 1 to 10 using for loop
class ForLoop {
public static void main(String... args){
for ( int i = 1 ; i <= 10 ; i++ ) {
[Link](i);
}
Nested Loops
-> Writing one loop inside another loop is called as Nested loop
Syntax:
for ( int i = 1; i <= 5 ; i++ ){
for ( int j = 1; j< = 5; j++){
-> As per above program, for every execution of outer loop 5 times inner loop will
execute
Q) Write a java program to print below pattern using loops
**
***
****
*****
class NestedLoop {
public static void main(String... args){
for ( int i = 1; i <=5 ; i++ ){
for ( int j = 1; j <= i ; j++ ){
[Link]("*");
}
[Link]();
Q) Write a java program to print below pattern
12
123
1234
12345
class NestedLoop {
public static void main(String... args){
for ( int i = 1; i <=5 ; i++ ){
for ( int j = 1; j <= i ; j++ ){
[Link](j);
[Link]();
Branching Statements
break ====> It is used to come out from switch case and from loops
continue ====> It is used to skip one iteration in the loop execution then continue
return ====> To come out from the method
class Break {
public static void main(String... args){
for (int i = 1; i<= 10; i++ ){
if (i >= 5 ){
break;
[Link](i);
class Continue {
public static void main(String... args){
for (int i = 1; i<= 10; i++ ){
if(i == 6 ) {
continue;
[Link](i);
}
Chapter-2 : Operators & Control Statements
Operators : To perform some operations
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Ternary Operator
- Assignment Operator
- New Operator
- Dot operator
Conditional Statements : Execute the code only once based on condition
- simple if
- if - else
- if - else if - else ladder
- switch case
Loops Concept : Execute the code repeatedly based on condition / range
- while loop
- do-while loop
- for loop
- for each ( Arrays & Collections )
Transfer / Branching Statements : To come out from loop, to skip loop iteration, to
come out from method
- break
- continue
- return (used to return some value from the method)
Chapter-2 :: Logical Programs
Q-1) Write a java program to read shoes brand name from keyboard, based on brand
name print brand slogan like below
Nike -> Just do it
Adidas -> Impossible is nothing
Puma -> Forever Faster
Reebok -> I Am What I Am
import [Link].*;
class Shoes {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader ([Link]);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader ( isr );
[Link] ("Enter Brand Name");
String brand = [Link] ( );
switch ( brand ) {
case "Nike" : [Link]("Just do it");
break;
case "Adidas" : [Link]("Impossible is nothing");
break;
case "Puma" : [Link]("Forever Faster");
break;
case "Reebok" : [Link]("I Am What I Am");
break;
default : [Link]("Brand Not Found");
Q-2) Write a java program to read person basic salary and calculate Provident Fund
amount from the basic salary
Formula : Provident Fund is 12 % of Basic Salary
import [Link].*;
class EmpPf {
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader( [Link] );
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader (isr);
[Link]("Enter Basic Salary");
String str = [Link] ( );
double basicSalary = [Link] ( str );
double pf = basicSalary * 12 / 100;
[Link](pf);
Q-3) Write a java program to read person age and person salary and print his
eligibility for marriage
Condition : If person age less than 30 and salary greater than 1 lakh then eligible for
marriage
import [Link].*;
class Marriage {
public static void main (String... args) throws Exception {
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader( [Link] );
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
[Link]("Enter Your Age");
String str1 = [Link] ( );
int age = [Link] ( str1 );
[Link]("Enter Your Salary");
String str2 = [Link] ( );
double salary = [Link](str2);
if ( age < 30 && salary > 100000 ) {
[Link]("You are eligible for marriage");
} else {
[Link]("You are not eligible for marriage");
Q-5) Write a java program to print Right Triangle Star Pattern*
**
***
****
*****
class RightTriangle {
public static void main(String... args) {
for( int i = 1; i<=5 ; i ++ ){
for( int j = 1; j<=i ; j++ ){
[Link] ("* ");
[Link]();
}
Q-6) Write a java program to print left traingle start pattern*
**
***
****
*****
class LeftTriangle {
public static void main(String... args) {
for( int i = 1; i<=5 ; i ++ ){
for ( int k = 5-i ; k >= 1 ; k-- ){
[Link](" ");
for( int j = 1; j<=i ; j++ ){
[Link] ("*");
[Link]();
}
Q-7) Write a java program to print Pyramid pattern
**
***
****
*****
class Pyramid {
public static void main(String... args) {
for( int i = 1; i<=5 ; i ++ ){
for ( int k = 5-i ; k >= 1 ; k-- ){
[Link](" ");
for( int j = 1; j<=i ; j++ ){
[Link] ("* ");
[Link]();
