Development of self in society: Self-

awareness, self-image and self-

development
SELF-AWARENESS
• How much you know yourself
• Knowing your interests, skills, strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes, goals,
wishes and hopes, values and beliefs.

SELF-ESTEEM
• How much you like yourself
• how you feel about yourself, see yourself
• How good or successful you think you are
• It refers to: - how much you like, rate and appreciate yourself
- how confident you are, how much you believe in yourself

Examples of high self-esteem: likes, accept and believe in yourself

Usually feel confident, knows what your strengths are and work hard to become even
better, work hard to improve your weaknesses

SELF-DEVELOPMENT
• Is how you improve yourself
• How you: - build on your strengths,
- improve on weaknesses,
- develop your life skills,
- become the best person you can be

Difference between self-awareness, -esteem and –development

Self-awareness Self-esteem Self-development
- How good you know - How much you like - How you improve
yourself yourself and how yourself
confident you are
- Know your: skills, - Believe in yourself, - Strengthen
strengths, respect yourself, weaknesses, build on
weaknesses, likes, value yourself, have your skills and
dislikes, interests, confidence strengths.
goals, values
Factors that influence self-awareness and self-esteem
• What other people say about you
• What happens in your life
• How well you cope with difficult things in your life
• Your response/reaction to your successes and failures
• How popular you think you are, how much you think your friends like you
• How family, friends and other important people in your life treat you
• Media (newspapers, magazines, TV and radio, cell phone, Instagram, Facebook etc)

Strategies to build confidence in yourself and others.

1. Self-discovery
• Work on improving yourself.
• You know yourself better than anyone else.
• Improve your strengths and work on your weaknesses.
• Work on being a better person.
2. good communication
• Express yourself clearly so that others don’t misunderstand you or get the wrong
idea. Make sure your message is heard and understood.
• BE ASSERTIVE:
- Say what you want to say clearly
- Be polite and respectful, but sure of yourself
- Know what you want.
- Focus on you body posture: Stand as tall and straight as you can and speak for
yourself.
- State your viewpoint or what you need. Make sure people understand what you
say. They should not doubt what you mean.
- Remember your manners: add please & thank you
-
3. Finishing tasks/projects successfully
• Manage your time
• Adhere to due dates.
• Persevere: keep trying until you complete your task
4. Taking part in community activities
• Volunteer: The more you help others, the better you will feel. You will learn new
skills & learn more about yourself.
• Take part in events in your community: have hobbies, be curious, talk to people,
attend functions and celebrations, become a leader in your community.
• Play sport

5. Making good decisions

 • Take responsibility for yourself!
• Don’t blame others for your decisions!
• HOW TO MAKE GOOD DECISIONS:
1) Evaluate your situation. Think about what decisions means to you.
2) Get information about the different options/choices you have.
3) Carefully think about the effects/consequences of each choice or decision.
4) Decide what would be the most informed and responsible decision. Choose
the best option
5) Act on your decision.

How to develop self-awareness

1. Be "open minded" and be willing to try new hobbies and discover new interests.
2. Be aware of your strengths and weaknesses and be prepared to grow in each.
3. Stay focused on the moment. Become aware of your emotional triggers and what causes
you to get upset or angry quickly.
4. Set boundaries for yourself that help you stick to your values.
5. Practice self-discipline.
6. Consider how your actions affect others.

Tips When Others Are Different From You:

• Be CALM and friendly.
• - LISTEN to what others are saying before you speak.
• - find out if you have SAME interests.
• - recognize the TALENTS / qualities that make the person unique.
• - PUT a smile on your face. You are both human and should respect each other.

AN ACTION PLAN TO BUILD SELF-ESTEEM

What I will do and why WHEN HOW
• Improve my public • At least once a week for • Join the debating society.
speaking skills; I know I the next two months. Volunteer to give group
am very shy. I never Whenever I get a chance feedback. Do oral
speak in class. I must in class presentation, Ask
become less shy and questions in class. Offer
more able to speak in to speak at community
public events so I can practice
and gain experience.
POWER RELATIONS AND GENDER
Stereotypical view of gender roles and responsibilities:
EXAMPLES
• women earn less than men for certain jobs/ CAREER FIELDS.
• men may be promoted to positions of power rather than women.
• men are allowed to smoke, drink and have relationships in some societies but women
are not.
• male sports teams receive more funding and media coverage than female teams.
• women have to do more household chores than men. women play a greater role in
parenting.
• some careers are traditionally considered more for men.

CHILDHOOD EXAMPLES
• Girls should play with dolls and boys with cars.
• Boys are taught to like blue and green, girls purple and pink.
• boys should not wear dresses or other clothing typically associated with 'girls' clothes

TEENAGE YEARS EXAMPLES

• Girls are better at reading and boys are better at mathematics.
• girls should behave but boys may misbehave 'it's a phase’.
• boys should participate in sports and refrain from more creative activities such as art.
• boys and men are expected to use violence and aggression to prove their masculinity.
• girls should be thin and beautiful to make them attractive to men and boys should be
big with muscles.

WHAT INFLUENCE DOES GENDER INEQUALITY HAVE ON RELATIONSHIPS

AND GENERAL WELL-BEING
1- Sexual abuse and ASSAULT/violence
• When women/girls are involved in relationships where power is unequal, men may
decide under what conditions sex takes place. This may mean forced sex. Includes
rape, violent sexual activity and incest. Some men are violent towards women and
beat them.
2- Teenage pregnancies
• Peer pressure
• UNINFORMED
• Poverty
3- Rape
• Forced to conceive as proof of fertility
4- STD (sexually transmitted diseases) including HIV/Aids
• Women have no say when it comes to protected measures. Age difference in
relationships (sugar daddies / sugar mommies)
• more than one partner
• transactional sex (sex for money)
• rape
Democracy and human rights

What is diversity?
• Variety means being different:
• Cultural
• Faith and belief systems
• Race
• Language
• Gender
• Age
• Health status
• Place of birth
• Where you stay, etc.

Each person is unique with individual differences. The differences must be respected. To
accept and honor diversity you must:
• Be proud of your own culture and that of others.
• Agree that we are different.
• Respect the opinion of others, even if you disagree.
• Be willing to learn from others.

Democracy and human rights

Discrimination:
• Means to treat people unfairly and differently. Discrimination disregards people's
rights, powers and privileges. To discriminate is to abuse people's rights eg. Racism,
prejudice, stereotyping, religious discrimination, xenophobia
Human rights:
• The things that every person as a human being is allowed to do or receive by law, just
because they are human.

Summary of the Bill of Rights:

Equality
• Every person is equal according to the law. No one is allowed to discriminate against
other people based on race, gender, pregnancy, marital status, ethnicity, social class,
skin colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, belief, awareness, language or birth.
Human dignity
• Everyone has the right to be respected.
Life
• Everyone has the right to life. South Africa does not allow the death penalty.
• Freedom and security
• No one may be arrested without a trial, physically assaulted, tortured or brutally
punished or treated inhumanly.

Privacy
• Everyone has the right to privacy, their homes, bodies or property may not be searched,
their property taken, or even private conversations heard without their consent.

Freedom of faith, religion and opinion

• Everyone has the right to practice the religion of choice, what they believe is right and
have their own opinions, as long as they are aligned with the Bill of Rights and the
Constitution.

Freedom of expression
• Everyone can freely express themselves, including the press and the media, sharing
ideas including arts and academia and scientific research. No one should encourage
war, violence, murder or hate speech

Rights of children
Children also have rights, but it is important to understand that we also have
responsibilities because we have rights.

Rights Responsible
Right to family care, love and protection Responsibility to show love, respect and
caring to others especially the elderly.
Right to privacy Responsibility is to respect others privacy
Children have the right to quality medical Responsibility to take care of themselves
care
Right to a good education Responsibility to study and respect their
teachers
Right to be loved and protected from harm Responsibility to show love and caring to
others
Children have the right to a safe and Responsibility to share in keeping it neat
comfortable home and clean
Where does one get help if your rights are violated?
Equality Court The courts protect you from being unfair
discrimination. You can ask these courts
to help against hate speech, unfair
discrimination and prosecution.
South African Human Rights Commission It is the national institution that support
constitutional democracy.
It promotes, protects and monitors people's
rights for everyone.
Treatment Action Campaign It is a human rights organization.
Fight for the rights of people with HIV /
Aids.
Commission on Gender Equality The organization promotes gender equality
SA.
It seeks to free society from discrimination.

People that help fight against discrimination in South Africa:

Desmund Tutu
• He works hard to end apartheid. He calls us the rainbow nation. He always fights for the
oppressed
Nelson Mandela
• He fights for the promotion of the freedom manifesto. He is a role model for democracy
and equality value.
Walter Sisulu
• Fighting for the oppressed during apartheid.
Beyers Naude
• He was in favour of non-racial faith organizations that challenge the church and give
human help to others.
Social and environmental responsibility
Social issues
• Are social problems are issues that harm a group of people in society

Environmental issues
• Environmental issues are defined as problems with the planet's systems (air, water,
land, etc.) that have developed as a result of human interference or mistreatment of the
planet

Social justice
• Social justice defines constitutional principles such as dignity, healing, freedom and
equality. Where there is no justice, there is no dignity, no healing of wounds, no
freedom and no equality.
• Social justice embraces all relationships in which we live in human society and nature.
It can therefore be described as justice that opposes racism, classism, sexism,
homophobia, discrimination based on ability, discrimination based on age and
environmental destruction. (The correction of social injustice/INEQUALITY)

Environmental justice
 Environmental justice is a social movement to address the unfair exposure of poor and
marginalized communities to harms associated with resource extraction, hazardous
waste, crime, etc. (This is the correction of environmental inequalities). Environmental
justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race,
color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and
enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies
Social and environmental issues with a negative effect
1. Environmental justice
• People with fewer choices struggle the most with pollution, work in an
environment harmful to their health and have a shortage of resources.
• Poor people also have unequal access to their most basic needs: clean water, food,
air, and safe housing.
2. Social justice
• People with fewer choices suffer from discrimination. People with fewer choices
have limited knowledge of basic human rights.
• Our constitution says that everyone has the right to:
• An environment that is not harmful to your health.
• Insurance which means that they are free from poverty and
• safety which means that they are out of danger.
3. Crime and violence
• Poverty means that you are too poor to pay for your basic needs.
• Poverty is linked to poor health, shortage of food, shortage of resources and
services, shortage of access to a safe and healthy environment as well as
educational opportunities.
4. Poverty
• Crime has a harmful effect on people and makes them angry, fills them with fear,
makes them distrustful and sad. Crime and violence violate our constitutional and
human rights.
• Crime and violence can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder. It develops into a
violent crime such as hijacking, robbery and violent attacks. Sufferers experience
sleep deprivation, flashbacks, worry, nightmares, loneliness, and decreased
concentration.
5. Food security
• This means that everyone has access to enough, safe, healthy and nutritious food
to meet their dietary needs and preferences.
• Food security is affected by things like droughts, fires and war.
• Food insecurity leads to:
• Malnutrition= You don't get enough nutrients that you need to grow properly and
stay healthy.
6. Unequal access to basic resources and services
• Water shortage
• Some people have limited or little access to water.
• When many people use the same tap for water, the water can become
contaminated.
• Health services
• Basic primary health care is free.
 • Special health services are only available to those who can afford them, because
they are very expensive.
• Provinces with fewer resources and more poor people are not able to provide the
basic primary health care that is needed. Eg: Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Eastern Cape
and the Free State.
7. HIV and AIDS

Study skills, methods & assessment

Study skills: Improve your reading, listening and comprehension skills

Listen:
• Listen carefully to what is said.
• Look and listen.
• Make notes.
• Ask questions.
• Repeat the content in your own words.

Reading and comprehension

• Read slower than usual.
• Read the material more than once.
• Read aloud to help you understand.
• Ask: Who? What? Where? When? (As you read ask questions).
• Make notes and underline important words.
• Look up words in a dictionary.
• Make sure you understand what you read.
• Read small/short sections at a time.
Increase your concentration and memory skills
• Avoid things that can distract you.
• Find a quiet place to study.
• Turn off your cell phone.
• Put a "do not disturb" sign on the door.
• Take deep breaths and stretch regularly.
• Take a 5–10-minute break every hour.
• Reward yourself when you complete a section.
• Understand what you need to remember.
• Make summaries to study from.
• Tell and explain to someone what you have studied.
• Make acronyms.
• Form questions about the work and try to answer them yourself.

Organize and manage your time:

Beware of time robbers:
• Computer games.
• Reading of messages (or sending) on your cell phone.
• Scrambling around looking for stuff.
• Sharpening of pencils.
• People that interrupt you.

Become organized
• Make a timetable/ schedule and keep to it.
• Find balance between study times, rest and exercise. Take regular short breaks.
• Spend more time on subjects you struggle with.
• Study when you have the most time during the day.
• Keep everything that you need to study with, together and in one place.
• Avoid things that waste time.
• Make sure to check what your responsibilities are in the following week and plan ahead.

Study methods
• Take notes p. 94
• Summaries p. 94
• Mind maps p. 95
• Problem solving skills p. 95
• Critical thinking p.96
• Creative skills p. 97
Assessments:
What is the aim of assessment?
The general aim is the growth, support and development of every learner in the school. The
further aim is to observe the learner's progress via learning areas, and decide accordingly
whether it is the best way to facilitate a learner regarding knowledge, skills and values, and
whether help should be given to a learner, either re-, corrective teaching or through
remediation.

Difference between internal and external assessment

Internal assessment
• Happens in the school.
• Tasks set up and marked by teachers.
• No record being kept of informal assessment (e.g. homework), but it is used to observe
your advancement and performance.
• Formal assessment (tests and exams) is part of the assessment program and record is
kept.

External assessment
• In the form of exams.
• Question papers set up from outside school by the district, province or national
department.