GYAN BHARATI SCHOOL, SAKET, N.D.

Applied Mathematics Assignment – SS2

Chapter : Determinants
Date of Uploading : 9/3/2025 Date of Submission : 20/3/2025

SOME IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANT, ADJOINT, INVERSE AND TRANSPOSES :

1. |AB| = |A| |B| 2. |kA| = kn |A|, where A is a matrix of order nxn and k is scalar
3. |A−1 | = |A|−1 4. (A′ )−1 = (A−1 )′
−1 −1 −1
5. (AB) = B A , is called reversal law of inverse. This rule is valid for any no. of matrices.
6. adj(AB) = (adjB) (adjA), is called reversal law of adjoints. This rule is valid for any number of matrices.
−1
7. adj(A′) = (adjA)′ 8. (Ak ) = (A−1 )k
9. |adjA| = |A|n−1 , where A is a matrix of order nxn
n2
10. adj(adjA) = |A| A, where A is a matrix of order nxn
2
11. |adj(adjA)| = |A|(n−1) , where A is a matrix of order nxn 12. adj(A−1 ) = (adjA)−1
13. (kA)−1 = k −1 A−1 , where k is a non zero scalar 14. If A = diag(x y z), then A−1 = diag(x −1 y −1 z−1 )
𝒏−𝟏
15. |C| = |𝐀| , where C is cofactor matrix of A, where A is a matrix of order nxn.
16. |𝐀′| = |A| 17. (𝐀′)′ = A 18. (kA)′ = k 𝐀′ , where k is a scalar 19. (𝐀 ± 𝐁)′ = 𝐀′ ± 𝐁 ′
20. (𝐀𝐁)′ = 𝐁 ′ 𝐀′ This is called reversal law of transposes. This can be generalized for any number of matrices.
(𝐀𝐁𝐂𝐃)′ = 𝐃′𝐂′ 𝐁 ′ 𝐀′

CRITERIA OF CONSISTENCY USING CRAMER’S RULE :

D = Coefficient determinant (obtained from all coefficients provided variables are in same order in all
equations)
Dx = Replace column having coefficients of x in D by constant term column.
Dy = Replace column having coefficients of y in D by constant term column.
Dz = Replace column having coefficients of z in D by constant term column.
CASE 1 : If D ≠ 0, then system of equations is consistent having unique solution which is given by
𝑫 𝑫𝒚 𝑫
x = 𝑫𝒙 , y = 𝑫 , z = 𝑫𝒛
CASE 2 : If D = 0, then following cases arise :
Sub case 1 : If at least one of Dx, Dy and Dz is non zero, then the system of equations is inconsistent having No
solution.
Sub case 2 : If Dx, Dy and Dz all are zero, then either the system is consistent with infinite solutions or it is
inconsistent with No solution.

CRITERIA OF CONSISTENCY USING MATRIX METHOD :

A = Coefficient matrix (obtained from all coefficients provided variables are in same order in all equations)
X = variable matrix (variables will be in same order as in all equations)
B = Constant term matrix
Given system of equations can be written as AX = B
CASE 1 : If |A| ≠ 0, then system of equations is consistent having unique solution which is given by X = A 1B.
CASE 2 : If |A| = 0, then following cases arise depending on (adjA)(B).
Sub case 1 : If (adjA)(B) ≠ 0, then the system of equations is inconsistent having No solution.
Sub case 2: If (adjA)(B) = 0, then either the system is consistent with infinite solutions or it is inconsistent with No
solution.

HOMOGENEOUS EQUATIONS : Equations in which all constant terms are zero are called homogeneous
equations. They are always consistent equations with either one solution (when |A| or D is non zero) or
infinite solutions (when |A| or D is zero)
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PREVIOUS YEAR’S QUESTIONS:
1 2 4
Q1 The value of the determinant |−1 3 0| is (2020,1)
4 1 0
(a) 13 (b) 13 (c) 52 (d) 52
5 6 −3
Q2 If A = [−4 3 2 ], then cofactor of a12 is ________________ (2020,1)
−4 −7 3
Q3 If A is a square matrix of order 3x3 such that |A| = 4, then |3A| is equal to (2022 term 1,1)
(a) 27 (b) 81 (c) 108 (d) 256
Q4 A and B are two matrices each of order 3 such that |A| = 1 and |B| = 3. What is the value of |3AB|
(a) 9 (b) 18 (c) 27 (d) 81 (2023,1)
2 3 2
Q5 If |𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 | + 3 = 0, then the value of x is (2023,1)
4 9 1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3
Q6 Solve following system of equations using Cramer’s Rule: 2x – y = 17 ; 3x + 5y = 6. (2023,2)
OR
𝑥 + 1 −3 4
Determine the value(s) of x for which [ −5 𝑥 + 2 2 ] is singular matrix.
4 1 𝑥−6
−1 1 2
Q7 Find the inverse of the matrix [ 3 −1 1]. Hence show that AA1 = I. (2023,5)
−1 3 4
OR
Using matrix method, solve following system of equations for x, y and z :
x – y + z = 4 ; 2x + y – 3z = 0 ; x + y + z = 2
42 2 5
Q8 The value of the determinant |79 7 9| is (2024,1)
29 5 3

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 15

Q9 Solve following system of equations using Cramer’s Rule: 2x 1 + 3x2 = 5 ; 11x1 – 5x2 = 6. (2024,2)
Q10 On her birthday, Prerna decided to donate some money to an orphanage home. If there are 8 children less,
everyone gets ₹10 more. However, if there are 16 children more, everyone gets ₹10 less.
Let the number of children in the orphanage home be x and the amount to be donated to each child be y.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions: (2024,5)
(i) Write the system of linear equations in x and y formed of the given situation.
(ii) Write the system of linear equations, obtained in (i) above, in matrix form AX = B.
(iii)(a) Find the inverse of matrix A.
OR
(iii)(b) Determine the values of x and y.
4 −1
Q11 The inverse of matrix A = [ ] is (2025,1)
2 1
1 1 1 1 2 1
1 −4 2 −3
(a) 6 [ ] (b) [32 6
1] (c) [ 6
1
6
2] (d) [ 1
6
1]
−1 −1 −6 −3 −3 −6
3 3

2𝑥 5 3 5
Q12 If | |=| |, then the value of x is (2025,1)
4 𝑥 4 6
(a) 3/2 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) ±3

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 GYAN BHARATI SCHOOL, SAKET, NEW DELHI
2 −3 5
Q13 If A = [3 2 −4], find A1 and hence solve the following system of the linear equations : (2025,5)
1 1 −2
2x – 3y + 5z = 11 ; 3x + 2y – 4z = 5 ; x + y – 2z = 3
OR
(b + c)2 a2 a2
Using properties of determinants, prove that | b2 (c + a)2 b2 | = 2abc(a+b+c) 3
c2 c2 (a + b)2

PRACTICE QUESTIONS :
PROBLEMS ON MINORS, COFACTORS & EVALUATION OF DETERMINANTS :
Q1 Find the minors and cofactors of each entry of the first column of the matrix A and hence find the value of
1 2 3
1 −3
the determinant A in each case : A = ( ), −1 2 1 ) .
(
4 −1
1 3 −1
x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
Q2 Show that x = 4 is a root of the equation : |x − 4 2x − 9 3x − 16| = 0
x − 8 2x − 27 3x − 64
PROBLEMS BASED ON AREA OF TRIANGLE
Q1 Using determinants, find the area of the triangle whose vertices (– 1, – 3) ; (2, 4) ; (3, – 1).
Q2 Find the value of ‘x’ if the area of  is 35 square units with vertices (x, 4) ; (2, – 6) ; (5, 4).
Q3 Prove that the points (a, b + c) ; (b, c + a) ; (c, a + b)are collinear.
Q4 If the points (a, 0) ; (0, b) and (p, q) are collinear, then prove that p/a + q/b = 1.
Q5 Find value(s) k if points (k, 2 – 2 k) ; (– k + 1, 2 k) ; (– 4 – k, 6 – 2 k) are collinear.
Q6 If the points (a, b) ; (a, b) ; (a – a, b – b), lie on a straight line, prove that a b  = b a.
Q7 If A(x1, y1) ; B (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose each side is equal to ‘a’,
x1 y1 2 2
then prove that |x2 y2 2| = 3 a4.
x3 y3 2
Q8 A triangle has its three sides equal to ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’. If A(x 1, y1) ; B (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3) are the vertices of the
triangle, then show that
x1 y1 2 2
|x2 y2 2| = (a + b + c) (b + c – a) (c + a – b) (a + b – c).
x3 y3 2
Q9 Using determinants, find the equation of the line passing through (2, 3) and (3, 5).
PROBLEMS BASED ON ADJOINT AND INVERSE :
3 1
Q1 If A = [ ], then find x and y for which A2 + xI = yA. Hence find A1.
7 5
2 −1 3
Q2 Find the inverse of ( 5 3 1). Also verify that A–1 A = A A–1 = I.
−3 2 3
2 0 −1
Q3 If A = (5 1 0 ) , show that A–1 = A2 – 6 A + 11 I.
0 1 3
a b
Q4 Verify that a A–1 = (a2 + b c + 1) I – a A, where A is given by : A = ( 1+bc)
c a
–1 –1 −4 2 0 3
Compute (AB) with following information : A = ( ), B=( ).
3 −1 −2 5
3 4 2k
Q5 For what value of ‘k’, ( 2 8 1 ) is (i) invertible, (ii) singular ?
6 5 0
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2 −1 1
Q6 If A = (−1 2 −1), then prove that A3 – 6 A2 + 9 A – 4 I = 0. Hence find A–1.
1 −1 2
PROBLEMS BASED ON CRAMER’S RULE :
Solve following equations using Cramer’s Rule :
Q1 3x – 4y = 5 and 4x – 5y = 1
Q2 x + y + z – 1 = 0 ; 2x – 3y + z + 2 = 0 ; 3x – y – z – 3 = 0
Q3 2/x + 1/y + 1/z = 3 ; 1/x – 2/y + 1/z = 0 ; 2/x – 3/y + 1/z = 2
Q4 Find the value(s) of k if following equations are having unique solution :
kx + 2y – 3z = 2 ; 2x – 3y + 5z = 1 ; 2x + 3y + 4z = 6
Q5 Can following equations have infinite solutions ? If yes then find the values of k for which this is possible.
2x + 3y + kz = 3 ; 4x – y – z = 1 ; 3x + 2y – 3z = 5
PROBLEMS BASED ON MATRIX METHOD :
Q1 Solve 5 x – 7 y = 2 ; 7 x – 5 y = 3 using MATRIX METHOD :
Q2 Solve x + y = 0 ; y + z = 1 ; z + x = 3 using MATRIX METHOD :
Q3 Solve the equations : 5 x – 6 y + 4 z = 15 ; 7 x + 4 y – 3 z = 19 ; 2 x + y + 6 z = 46 , by evaluating the inverse of
the coefficient matrix.
1 2 −3
Q4 Find A–1, where A = (2 3 2 ) . Hence solve following system of equations :
3 −3 −4
x + 2 y – 3 z = – 4 ; 2 x + 3 y + 2 z = 2 ; 3 x – 3 y – 4 z = 11
4 4 −1
Q5 Find A–1, where A = (1 1 3 ) . Hence solve following system of equations :
2 −3 2
4x+y+2z=1;4x+y–3z=2;x–3y–2z=4
−4 3 −1
–1
Q6 Find A , where A = ( 1 −2 3 ) . Hence solve following system of equations :
3 3 2
4x–y–3z=0;3x–2y+3z=4;x–3y–2z=–4
−5 1 3 1 1 2
Q7 Find the product A B, where A = ( 7 1 −5) , B = (3 2 1) . Hence solve:
1 −1 1 2 1 3
x+y+2z=1;3x+2y+z=7;2x+y+3z=2
2 1 3 −1 5 3
Q8 Find the product A B, where A = ( 4 −1 0) , B = (−4 23 12 ). Hence solve :
−7 2 1 1 −11 −6
x + 4 y – z = 4 ; 5 x + 23 y – 11 z = 17 ; x + 4 y – 2 z = 3
Q9 The cost of 4kg onion, 3kg wheat and 2kg rice is Rs.60. The cost of 2kg onion, 4kg wheat and 6kg rice is Rs.90.
The cost of 6kg onion, 2kg wheat and 3kg rice is Rs.70. Find the cost of each item per kg by matrix method.
Q10 Find the value of k if following system of equations doesn’t have unique solution :
kx + 3y – z = 1 ; x + 2y + z = 2 ; kx + y + 2z = 1
Q11 For what values of a and b, the following system of equations is consistent ?
x + y + z = 6 ; 2x + 5y + az = b ; x + 2y + 3z = 14
Q12 For what value of a does the following system of equations has more than one solution :
2x + 3y = 2z ; 2x + 3z = y ; 7x + ay = z
Q13 Consider : x = cy + bz ; y = az + cx ; z = bx + ay. Prove that a 2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1 if x, y, z are not all zero at the
same time.
MCQ / FILL IN THE BLANKS / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS :
0 1 3
Q1 Without expanding at any stage, prove that |−1 0 −5| = 0.
−3 5 0
Q2 Determinant of skew symmetric matrix of any odd order is always ______
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Q3 If |A| = 3 and A is a 3x3 matrix, then the value of |adjA| and |adj(adjA)| are ____
0 1 3
Q4 If A = [−1 2 −5], then adj(adjA) is ______
−3 5 1
Q5 If |A| = 5 and A is a 3x3 matrix, then |3A| is _____
1 −4 −16 −6
Q6 Matrix A for which [ ]A=[ ], is
3 −2 7 2
6 2 2 6 3 1 5 1
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
5.5 2 2 5.5 7 5 5 7
2 1 −3 2
Q7 Matrix A satisfying the equation [ ]A[ ] = I, is _______
3 2 5 −3
2 1 3
Q8 If A = [1 2 3], then determinant of its cofactor matrix is _____
3 1 2
201 101 303
Q9 If A = [102 202 303], then the value of a11 C21 + a12 C22 + a13 C23 is
303 101 202
(a) 101 (b) 202 (c) 303 (d) 0
Q10 If A and B are 3x3 matrices, then find the value of |4AB| when |A| = 2 and |B| = 3.
Q11 In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the
correct answer out of the following choices :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
(e) Both A and R are false.
1
0 0
4 0 0 4
1
Q12 Assertion (A) : The Inverse of [0 5 0] is 0 5 0 .
0 0 3 1
[0 0 3]
Reason (R) : The inverse of diag(a b c) is diag(1/a 1/b 1/c).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
(e) Both A and R are false.
CASE STUDY : Three schools A, B and C decided to organize a food mela for collecting money for helping flood
victims. They sold ice cream, pizza and burgers at a cost of ₹25, ₹100 and ₹50 respectively. The number of
articles sold are given in the following table
School / Food Item A B C
Ice Cream 40 25 35
Pizza 50 40 50
Burger 20 30 40
Answer the questions given below :
1. What is the total money collected by school A
A ₹700 B ₹7000 C ₹6125 D ₹7875
2. What is the total money collected by schools B and C together
A ₹14000 B ₹15725 C ₹21000 D ₹13125
3. Total money collected by all the schools is
A ₹15775 B 14000 C 21000 D 17125

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 GYAN BHARATI SCHOOL, SAKET, NEW DELHI
4. If the number of ice creams sold and burgers sold are interchanged for all the schools, then what will be the
total money collected by all the schools
A ₹18000 B ₹6750 C ₹5000 D ₹21250
5. How many articles in all are sold by all three schools
A 230 B 130 C 430 D 330

ANSWERS
PREVIOUS YEAR’S QUESTIONS:
3 ± √205
A1 (d) A2 4 A3 (c) A4 (d) A5 (a) A6 7, 3 A6OR x = 0, 2
−7 2 3
1
A7 A1 = 10 [−13 −2 7 ] A7OR 2, 1, 1 A8 (a) A9 1, 1
8 2 −5
5 −4 𝑥 40 1 −8 4
A10(i) 5x – 4y = 40 ; 5x – 8y + 80 = 0 (ii) [ ] [𝑦 ] = [ ] (iii)(a) A1 = − [ ] (iii)(b) 32, 30
5 −8 −80 20 −5 5
0 1 −2
A11 (c) A12 (d) A13 A1 = [−2 9 −23] ; x = 0, y = 2, z = 3
−1 5 −13
PRACTICE QUESTIONS :
PROBLEMS ON MINORS, COFACTORS & EVALUATION OF DETERMINANTS :
A1(i) –1, –3 ; – 1, 3 ; 11 (ii) 5,11,4: 5,11,4: 20
PROBLEMS BASED ON AREA
A1 11 sq. units A2 x = 12, – 2 A5 k = – 1, 1/2 A6 7/2
A9 y = 2x  1
PROBLEMS BASED ON ADJOINT AND INVERSE
7 9 −10
1 5 −1 1
A1 8,8, 8 [ ] A2(ii) 89 (−18 15 13 ) A5 k  9/76, k = 9/76
−7 3
19 −1 11
3 1 −1
1
A6 ( 1 3 −1)
4
−1 1 3
PROBLEMS BASED ON CRAMER’S RULE :
A1 x = 21, y = 17 A2 1, 1, 1 A3 9/4, 1/4,7/4 A4 32/27
A5 No since Dz is always non zero.
PROBLEMS BASED ON MATRIX METHOD :
A1 11/24, 1/24 A2 1, – 1, 2 A3 3, 4, 6
−6 17 13
1
A4 ( 14 5 −8) ; x = 3, y = –2, z = 1 A5 3/5, – 1, – 1/5 A6 1, 1, 1
67
−15 9 −1
A7 2, 1, – 1 A8 1, 1, 1 A9 onion = Rs.5 per kg, Wheat = Rs.8 per kg and rice = Rs.8 per kg.
A10 k = 7/2 A11 Either a ≠ 8 OR a = 8, b = 36 A12 a = 5.7
MCQ / FILL IN THE BLANKS / OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS :
A2 0 A3 9, 81 A4 361A A5 135
1 1
A6 (a) A7 [ ] A8 36 A9 (d)
1 0
A10 384 A11 (a) A12 (a)
CASE STUDY 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D

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