PIPESIM

FUNDAMENTAL - BASIC
 INTRODUCTION
In this module, you will successfully learn the use
from PIPESIM carrying out the following cases of
study
Introductory cases to Monophasic Flow
Introductory cases to Multiphase Flow
Case Studies on Well Performance
Cases of cash flow assurance in mode
stationary.
 INTRODUCTION
Simulation has become a basic tool and
fundamental for engineers in the training stage and
in the exercise of their profession.

Process simulators are used in industries for:

Project development.
Design and specification of equipment.
Localization and problem resolution.
Process control.
Optimization.
 INTRODUCTION
It applies to all types of industries:
Exploration & Production.
Gas separation and treatment plants
Oil refining
Petrochemical.
Chemistry and Pharmacy.
Metallurgical
Oil dispenser
 What is Simulation?

The simulation is the representation of

a process or phenomenon through a
model that allows analyzing its
characteristics.
Through the model, it is about
explain the behavior of a
process, system or industrial unit.
 What is a Simulator?
In order for the model to get closer to
the reality, this becomes complex in its
formulation and difficult in its resolution. Hence the
need to use numerical methods now
be scheduled by the user or
Business Process Simulators
Simulators are packages
computational methods that solve the models
using numerical methods
 Why Simulate?
The tools that support planning
of processes are playing an increasingly important role
more important to ensure that a system
successful can be designed in the period of
the shortest possible time.
The simulation allows visualizing a system in
operation and clearly demonstrate the skill
the impotence of the system to achieve the
required performance objectives.
 Production Simulators

The simulators focused on the area of

Hydrocarbon production is:
PIPESIM (SCHLUMBERGER)
WELLFLO (WEATHERFORD)
PROSPER (PETROLEUM EXPERT)
OLGA (SPT GROUP)
 What is PIPESIM?
PIPESIM software is a multiphase flow simulator for the
design and analysis of diagnostic systems of production
of oil and gas. PIPESIM software model tools
multiphase flow from the reservoir to the wellhead.
PIPESIM software also analyzes the flow line and the
performance of surface facilities for generation
exhaustive analysis of the production system.

With advanced modeling algorithms for nodal analysis,

PVT analysis, gas lift, and erosion and modeling of the
corrosion, PIPESIM software helps to optimize production and
the injection operations.
 PIPESIM
PIPESIM was originally developed by the company
of Baker Jardine. Jardine Baker was formed in 1985 to
provide software and consulting services for
the oil and gas industry. In April 2001, Baker
Jardine was acquired by Schlumberger.

Schlumberger has invested in the remodeling of

world leading engineering production software for
ensure that I can cope with the industry of the
computing in fast motion.
 SCHLUMBERGER Profile
Schlumberger has extensive experience in design and optimization.
of oil and gas production systems, in particular in the
transport of hydrocarbon fluids. The development of systems
efficient collection and transportation requires a combination of
detailed theoretical knowledge and practical experience of the
complex behavior of multiphase hydrocarbon mixtures.

Schlumberger is at the forefront of software development for the

oil and gas industry with the Production Suite Software that
includes PIPESIM, OFM, and DECIDE!. These tools have been applied
successfully for modeling oil production systems and
gas for most large oil companies.
What can I do in PIPESIM?
Perform a comprehensive nodal analysis at any point of its
hydraulic system using multiple parameters of
sensitivity
Design new wells and analyze the existing vertical wells
•Design artificial lift systems Gas Lift and ESP
Connect to OFM (Oil Field Manager) to identify the
candidates from a field for further studies
Generate VFP (Vertical Flow Performance) tables as data
input for simulation system models
ECLIPSE deposits
ENTERING THE ENVIRONMENT
PIPESIM
INTRODUCTION
 Entering PIPESIM

Start PIPESIM from the Start Menu > All Programs

Schlumberger > PIPESIM
Select New Single Branch Model from the screen of
Select a PIPESIM option.
 PIPESIM Environment
Main Toolbar
Toolbar

Navigation Bar in networks

Toolbar

Status Bar
 Main Toolbar
The main toolbar (just like all the bars in
PIPESIM) are support bars, meaning they can be reused.
put on the screen.
From left to right, the icons are:
New model Run model
Assistant Resume
Open an existing model, Abort
Save active model View summary file
Save as See the output file
Save all open models See system diagram
find View profile graph
Boundary conditions See a flow diagram of the regime
cut report of the tool
Copy Export of engine files (by FPT)
to catch Help
 Toolbar
The toolbar is not a support bar, therefore it does not
it can be removed from the workspace
From left to right, the icons are:
Select Expander
Text Heat exchanger
Node Strangler
Termination Node Injection Point
Source Team
Vertical Well Multiplier/Summer
Horizontal Well Report
Bomb Module command tool
Multiphase Booster calculation
Separator Nodal Analysis Point
Compressor
 What is a Simulator?
In order for the model to get closer to
the reality, this becomes complex in its
formulation and difficult in its resolution. Hence the
need to use numerical methods now
be scheduled by the user or
Business Process Simulators
Simulators are packages
computational methods that solve the models
using numerical methods
 CASE STUDY #1

INTRODUCTION TO FLOW
MONOPHASE PIPE
OF WATER
 OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this case is to familiarize with the environment.
from PIPESIM building the model and doing
run the completed case.

A simple pipe model is built

then the pressure drop will be calculated along
the horizontal pipe giving the inlet pressure and the
flow. Then you will conduct some studies of
sensitivity in the model.
 Selecting the Units
To specify the units of the workspace, you need to go to the
SETUP menu then click on UNITS...
Definiendo Propiedades del Fluido
To specify the units of the workspace, you must go to the
SETUP menu then click on BLACK OIL...
Defining Fluid Properties
For this first simulation, it will be done with a single-phase fluid (water)
 Defining the components
Precise modeling of the produced fluid
it is also crucial for understanding the
system behavior; therefore,
PIPESIM offers the possibility to choose between
correlations of black oil models
(BLACK OIL) or through a wide range of
equations of state for models
compositional.
 Defining the components
The following model will be built with a
Source, a pipeline and a
boundary node

Note: Due to the fact that there is still no information on the components, they are marked with a red box.
 Defining the components
The Source will be specified as
show in the following boxes
 Defining the components
The well must be specified as well as the
pipe or elements necessary for our
simulation.

To insert components, a click is made.

in the desired component and clicks on the
flowchart to insert it.
 Defining Pipeline
To define a pipe, double click on the
pipe and the following table will specify

• Note: To specify the flowline, it is mandatory to specify the spaces with rectangles.
reds
 Defining Pipeline
To define a pipe, you double-click on the
pipe and the following table will be specified
 Defining Pipeline
To define a pipe, double click on the
pipe and the following table will be specified
 Description of the Lines of
Flow
Placing a flow line in the model allows
the modeling of horizontal or nearly horizontal flow
(uphill or downhill). The transfer of
heat can be modeled by the introduction or
calculate a heat transfer coefficient
total (value U).

Each flow line has set characteristics in

terms of inner diameter, outer diameter
roughness, etc
 Type of Flow Line
The flow line profile of (elevation
distance) can be defined by any of
a simple or detailed model. The simple model
is often used when an initial model is
is developing and the exact profile of the line
The flow is unknown. When the data
additional ones that have a model
detailed can be used.
 Properties of the Flow Line
Simple
To carry out the simulation of a Simple Flow Line, it is required
the following information:
Waviness rate.- This is an artificial factor that can be used to
automatically introduce some undulations in the flow line, this is to
necessary for numerical stability. The entered value is the change
total in elevation per 1,000 units (feet, meters, etc.). To model
a completely flat flow line, set the speed to 0. Default =
10.
Horizontal distance.-The horizontal distance covered by the flow line
complete.
Elevation difference.- The change in elevation between the start (origin end)
from a simple branch model) and the end of the flow line object. Enter a
negative value for a flow line downstream and upstream for a positive
one. Thus, the change in elevation is relative to the object and not to any point of
reference.
 Properties of the Flow Line
Simple
•Inner Diameter (ID).-The diameter of the internal flow line for the line of
full flow. If this value changes significantly along the line
of partial flow and then a second object flow line must be added.
Wall thickness.-The wall thickness, excluding any
coating for the full flow line. If this value changes shape
significant along the partial flow line and then a second line of
Object flow must be added. Default = 0.5 inches, 12.7 mm.
•Roughness.-The roughness of the pipe is absolute to the values of the flow line. If
this value changes significantly along the partial flow line and
then a second object flow line must be added. Default =
0.001 inches, 0.0254 mm
•Ambient temperature.-The ambient temperature of the environment of the line
full flow. If this value changes significantly along the line
of partial flow and then a second line of object flow must be added.
 Properties of the Flow Line
for Heat Transfer
•Insulated.-When the flow line meets a
insulator to prevent heat exchange with the environment
exterior.
•Coated.-When the flow line meets a
coated to protect and prevent damage to the flow line.
Bare (in the Air) - When the flow line is encountered
discovered in the air.
•Bare (in the Water).-When the flow line meets
discovered in the water.
•User Specified.-When we have the value of the
overall heat transfer coefficient.
Defining the Flow correlation
To specify the units of the workspace, you need to go to the
SETUP menu then click on FLOW CORRELATIONS
 PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PROFILE
To carry out the pressure drop analysis, we proceed to perform a
Pressure/Temperature profile that is done by clicking on the menu
Operations -> Pressure Temperature Profile
 PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PROFILE
In order to carry out the operation, the software will prompt us to save the case.
 PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PROFILE
To calculate the output pressure, the production flow at the outlet must be specified.
pipe.

To carry out the

operation you
will click on the
button RUN
MODEL Run
model)
PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PROFILE
 PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PROFILE
Next, we will close the window and return to the pressure temperature profile.
we will open the Summary File (Summary Report)
 PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PROFILE
Next, we will close the window and return to the pressure temperature profile.
We will open the Output File (Detail Report)
PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PROFILE
The Summary Report is divided into five sections:

Input Data Echo (Data entered by the user)

•Fluid Property Data (Datos del fluido)
•Profile and Flow Correlations
selected flow
Primary Output
Auxiliary Output
 CASE STUDY #2

ANALYSIS OF
PIPE SENSITIVITY
OF WATER
 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Modify the Pressure/Temperature Profile select
in the Object the Source and in the Variable the
Temperature then click on the Range Button
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
It can be observed in the Detailed Report that it only reaches
to observe the case of the Temperature of 40 F.
 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
To carry out the printing of the other cases, it
will proceed to configure the Detailed Report (Output
File
 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Run the Pressure Temperature Profile again and
open the Detailed Report again
 CASE STUDY #3

INTRODUCTION TO FLOW
Single-phase
GAS PIPELINE
 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
•Se cuenta con la siguiente información del fluido
Variable Value Measure
Water Cut 0 %
LGR 0 scf/stb
Gas SG 0.64
Water SG 1.02
Oil API 30 API

Source
Variable Value Measure
Pressure 1450 Psi
Temperature 68 F
 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
The following information about the gas pipeline is available.

Variable Value Measure

Wavelength Radio 0
Length 65000 Ft
Inner Diameter 6 In
Temp Amb 68 F
Value of U 0 Btu/hr/ft2

What will be the pressure value at the Gas Pipeline outlet?

to obtain a flow of 35 MMSCFD
CASE STUDY #4

ANALYSIS OF
SENSITIVITY
GAS PIPELINE
 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Conduct a sensitivity analysis to find the
pressure drop varying the temperature of the
Source:

40 F to 140 F every 20 F

What factor causes this phenomenon?

CASE STUDY #5

FLOWLINE OF FLOW
MULTIPHASIC
 MULTIPHASE FLOW
•Build the following physical model
 MULTIPHASE FLOW
The following information about the fluid is available.
Variable Valor Measure
Water Cut 0 %
GOR 800 scf/stb
Gas SG 0.82
Water SG 1.02
Oil API 30 API

Source
Variable Value Measure
Pressure 7000 Psi
Temperature 50 F
 MULTIPHASE FLOW
Bubble Point Information
Variable Value Measure
Pressure 6300 Psi
Temperature 60 F
Sat Gas 800 Scf/stb

The following information is available about the gas pipeline

Variable Value Measurement
Wave Radio 0
Length 10000 Ft
Inner Diameter 4 In
Ambient Temperature 60 F
Value of U Insulted Btu/hr/ft2
 MULTIPHASE FLOW
Specify the Reporting Tool as indicated by the
next figure:
 MULTIPHASE FLOW
Select the flow correlation of Beggs and Brill
both for vertical multiphase flow and for the
horizontal.

Carry out the Pressure/Temperature Profile operation

to have a liquid flow of 25000 STBD

Find the outlet pressure and analyze the Report

Summary and the Detailed Report
MULTIPHASE FLOW
 CASE STUDY #6

WELL PERFORMANCE OF
PETROLEUM
 Performance of Wells
Petroleo
First, it is necessary to define the
physical components of the Model
for this simulation, the will be inserted
vertical well the termination node
and they will be connected through a
Tubing
 Performance of Wells
Oil
Subsequently it
will specify the Well
Vertical (VertWell_1) with
a static pressure of
3600 psia reservoir
a temperature of 250
F and an index of
liquid productivity
8 STB/d/psi
 Performance of Wells
Oil
Subsequently himself
will specify the Tubing
with a temperature
environment on the surface
from 60 F the drillings
they will be located 8000 ft from
depth and the
internal diameter of the
tubing is 3.958 in.
 Performance of Wells
Petroleum
Subsequently be
it will specify the Tubing
with a temperature
environment on the surface
of 60 F the drillings
They will be located 8000 ft from
depth and the
internal diameter of the
tubing is 3.958 in.
 Performance of Wells
Petroleum
A correlation will be chosen for
Beggs and Brill flow
Revised both for the flow
vertical and horizontal flow
multiphase.
We will then carry out
a Profile operation
Pressure/Temperature
selecting the pressure of
output as variable a
calculate and specifying a
liquid flow of 3000
STB/D
 Performance of Wells
Oil
•Interpret the emergence profile, and the SUMMARY REPORT and the REPORT
DETAIL

Pwh

Pwf Pws
MULTIPHASE FLOW
 CASE STUDY #7

ANALYSIS OF
DECLINATION IN THE
STATIC PRESSURE OF
RESERVOIR
 Performance of Wells
Oil
The reservoir's static pressure will decline because of the
which will conduct a study for the following values:

3600 psia
3000 psia
2400 psia
1000 psia

Interpret the graphs and the reports

Fluid Analysis
Produced
Analysis of Produced Fluids
Definition

Set of tests done in the laboratory to determine the

properties of fluids in an oil reservoir, which
they will allow evaluating their production behavior during the different
stages of recovery that the deposit undergoes.

When should the samples be taken?

Samples should be taken in the first days of production.

before a significant drop in reservoir pressure occurs,
or at least when the pressure is greater than or equal to the bubble point pressure of the
original hydrocarbon mixture. Once the pressure has declined
below the bubble pressure, it is no longer possible to obtain
samples that represent the original fluid of the reservoir.
 Produced Fluids Analysis
Selection of the wells for sampling
It must have a high productivity rate, such that
so that the pressure around the well is the highest
high possible.
It should be a new well and present little information.
of liquid at the bottom.
It must be produced with low water cut.
The well's production must be stable.
• The RGP and the API gravity of the produced oil
the test well must be representative of various
wells.
The well should preferably be in production.
natural
Produced Fluids Analysis
Contributions of a PVT analysis

PVT analyses provide different data from the well, among them we can
highlight

1.- Training data, well data, and sampling data.

2.- The composition of crude oil and its properties.

3.- Differential release test.

4.- Expansion tests at constant composition (flash release).

5.- Separator test.

6.- The viscosity of crude oil as a function of pressure.

Analysis of Produced Fluids

Numerical Correlations PVT

When there is no experimental information or
the test samples are not reliable, it is
it is necessary to determine the properties of fluids
through empirical correlations. These correlations
are developed from laboratory data or from
field, and they are presented in the form of equations
numerical. There is a wide variety of correlations,
obtained from studies conducted on different types of
raw; therefore the use of any of these must
be supported by solid production arguments
that adopts the selected model.
Analysis of Produced Fluids

Correlations for Oil Systems

Bubble point pressure

It is the pressure at which the first gas bubble begins to be released from the oil.

The bubble point pressure is determined based on:

Temperature
Specific gravity of the gas, γg.
Oil gravity API.
The solubility of gas in crude at Pb, Rsb.
Analysis of Produced Fluids
Standing Correlation: It is the most used for the determination of the
bubble point for a wide range of crude types.
Produced Fluids Analysis
Relationship of dissolved gas or in solution in oil (Rs)
It is the volume of gas, under surface conditions (generally standard conditions).
that dissolves under reservoir conditions, in a volumetric unit of
oil at surface conditions (generally BN).

Typical behavior of Rsof Oil

(source: Numerical Correlations PVT-Carlos Banzer)
Analysis of Produced Fluids
Standing Correlation: It is the most used for the determination of the
Gas solubility for a wide range of crude types.
Analysis of Produced Fluids
Petroleum volumetric factor (b)o)

It is the volume of liquid at reservoir conditions required for

produce a unit volume of oil at normal conditions.

Typical behavior of the boof Oil

(source: PVT Numerical Correlations - Carlos Banzer)
Produced Fluids Analysis
For Saturated Crude: P<=Pb

Standing Correlation: It is the most used for the determination of

Volumetric Factor for a wide range of crude types.
Analysis of Produced Fluids
For Sub-Saturated Crude: P>Pb

The volumetric factor of oil is given by the following expression:

Produced Fluids Analysis
Oil comprehensibility (co)

In general, isothermal compressibility is defined as the change

fractional in volume when the pressure is changed at a temperature
constant, is given by:

For a subsaturated crude, it can be defined as follows:

Analysis of Produced Fluids
Understandability of oil (co)

Typical behavior of Coof sub-saturated oil

(source: Numerical Correlations PVT-Carlos Banzer)
Produced Fluids Analysis
For Sub-Saturated Crude: P>Pb

Vazquez and Beggs correlation: It is the most used for the

determination of the compressibility of oil for a wide range of
types of crude oils.
Produced Fluids Analysis
Viscosity of oil (m)o)

It is the parameter that measures the internal friction or the resistance offered by the
oil to flow.

Viscosity behavior of oil

(source: Numerical Correlations PVT-Carlos Banzer)
Produced Fluids Analysis
The viscosity of Dead Oil (mod):

Beggs and Robinson correlation: It is one of the most used for the
determination of dead crude viscosity for a wide range
of types of crude. It is given by:
Analysis of Produced Fluids
The viscosity of live crude ( ): oP<=Pb

Beggs and Robinson correlation: It is one of the most used for the determination
of the viscosity of live crude for a wide range of crude types. It comes
given by:
Produced Fluids Analysis
The viscosity of sub-saturated crude oil (mo): P>Pb

Vazquez and Beggs correlation: It is one of the most used for the
determination of the viscosity of subsaturated crude for a wide range
range of types of crude. It is given by:
Produced Fluids Analysis
Density of oil (ro)

It is defined as the amount of mass per unit of volume of a

crude sample.

Density of live crude (ro): P<=Pb

Produced Fluids Analysis
Density of oil (ro)

Density of Sub-saturated crude (ro) : P>Pb

 EXERCISE 2

FORECAST TUTORIAL OF
PERFORMANCE AND CALIBRATION OF THE
PROPERTIES OF THE FLUID
 CALIBRATION OF THE
PROPERTIES OF THE FLUID
The properties of the fluid (better known as
PVT properties are predicted by
numerical correlations developed by tests
experimental and embodied in models
mathematicians.

Several correlations have been developed ago

many years based on data set
experimental covering a range of
properties of fluids.
 CALIBRATION OF THE
PROPERTIES OF THE FLUID
To increase the accuracy of the calculation of the
fluid properties, PIPESIM provides a
functionality to calibrate the properties
PVT of fluids with laboratory data.
The calibration of these properties can
greatly increase the accuracy of
the correlations above the pressures and
temperatures of the newly modeled system.
 Objectives
In this module, you will be able to:

Develop a Performance Model of the well applicable throughout its life

of the field. This provides a relationship between the reservoir pressure,
bottom pressure and the flow rate in the formation.
Develop a Black Oil fluid model to match the
laboratory data. It is necessary to develop an exact method of
prediction of the physical properties of the fluid in such a way that the losses
of pressure and the characteristics of heat transfer can be
calculate.
Select an appropriate pipe size for the production line.
Review the feasibility of using gas lift as a
alternative to water injection.
 Objectives
A straight line will be used as a model of
behavior of the productivity index
considered appropriate in this case since the
completion is at a pressure
considerably above the point of
bubble and there will be no gas release in this
stage.
 Performance of Wells
Petroleum
First, it is necessary to define the
physical components of the Model
for this simulation the will be inserted
vertical well the completion node
and they will be connected through a
Tubing
 MULTIPHASIC FLOW
The following information is available about the
completion
Variable Value Measure
Static Pressure Reserve 4269 Psi
Reser Temperature 210 F
Test Data
Q Pwf
2000 4186
3000 4152
4000 4106
5000 4072
 MULTIPHASIC FLOW
TUBING Information
Variable Value Measure
Ambient Temperature 60 F
MD 9500 Ft
DI Tubing 3.83 In
Temp Reser 210 F
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION
•Informacion del fluido
Variable Value Measure
Water Cut 0 %
GOR 892 scf/stb
Gas SG 0.83
Water SG 1.02
Oil API 36.83 API
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION
Bubble point information
Variable Value Measure
Pressure 2647 Dog
Temperature 210 F
Solution Gas (Relation
892 Scf/stb
dissolved gas
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION
Laboratory Data

Calibration data of crude oil

Above the Bubble Point
FVF (Formation volume factor of oil) 1.49 at 4269 psia and 210 F
Below the bubble point
OFVF (Oil Formation Volume Factor) 1.38 at 2000 psia and 210 F
Viscosity of dead crude 0.31 to 200 F 0.92 at 60 F
Viscosity of live crude 0.29 at 2000 psia and 210 F
Gas Viscosity 0.019 at 2000 psia and 210 F
Compressibility Factor 0.85 at 2000 psia and 210 F

Perform the calibration of the PVT data

 PVT DATA CALIBRATION
Production plan obtained from the simulation
reservoir Year Water Cut %
Production of
Crude (STB/D)
0 0 13000
1 0 13000
2 0 13000
3 0 13000
4 12 11600
5 20 9800
6 35 7800
7 40 6700
8 47 5800
9 54 4500
10 60 3600
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION
Determine the appropriate diameter for the tubing
for the production line tabulated in the table
anterior
The estimated pressure at the head is 600 psia.
•ID
3.34 in
3.83 in
4.28 in
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION
Analyze the feasibility of using gas lift as an alternative.
to maintain oil production rates in the life of the field.
The expected decrease in reservoir pressure, without injection, occurs at
continuation Year
Static pressure
of reservoir
0 4269
1 4190
2 4113
3 4020
4 3950
5 3893
6 3840
7 3800
8 3762
9 3730
10 3700
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION
Properties of injection gas
Variable Value Unit
Depth of
7500 ft
Injection
Temperature of
100 F
Injection
SG 0.6

Conduct the study for the following flows

gas injection: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 MMSCFD
Conduct the injection study for the last year
of production and a wellhead pressure of
600 psia.
 CASE STUDY #8

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
FROM OIL WELL
 Performance of Wells
Petroleum
First, it is necessary to define the
physical components of the Model
for this simulation the will be inserted the
vertical well the completion node
and they will be connected through a
Tubing
 WELL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
OF PETROLEUM
The following information is available about the
completion
Variable Value Measure
Static Pressure Reserve 3600 Psi
Reser Temperature 200 F
IP 8 STBD/psi
 MULTIPHASE FLOW
TUBING information
MD TVD MD TEMP
0 0 0 50
1000 1000 9000 200
2500 2450
5000 4850 MD TEMP
8600 3.958
7500 7200
9000 6.184
9000 8550
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION
Fluid information
Variable Value Measure
Water Cut 10 %
GOR 500 scf/stb
Gas SG 0.8
Water SG 1.05
Oil API 36 API

Specify a Beggs And Brill flow correlation

Revised. Find the production flow of liquid, Pressure
flowing background, wellhead temperature taking in
estimated pressure at the wellhead of 300
psia.
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION
Install the
tool
Nodal
ANALYSIS
carry out the
nodal analysis
of the system.
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION

Find the liquid production and the

flowing bottom pressure in the
operating point handling a
estimated pressure in the head of
300 psia well
Find the value of AOFP
 PVT DATA CALIBRATION

Carry out the calibration of PVT data and check the calibration.

Properties at the Bubble Point

Pressure 2100 psia
Temperature 200 F
Solution Gas (Relationship of Dissolved Gas) 500

Calibration data of crude oil

Above the Bubble Point
OFVF (Oil Formation Volume Factor) 1.16 at 3000 psia and 200 F
Below the bubble point
OFVF (Oil formation volume factor) 1.22 at 2100 psia and 200 F
Viscosity of dead crude oil 1.5 cp at 200 F 10 cp at 60 F
Viscosity of live crude 1,1 at 2100 psia and 200 F
Gas viscosity 0.029 at 2100 psia and 200 F
Compressibility Factor 0.8 at 2100 psia and 200 F

Calibrate and find the liquid production flow, pressure of

flowing bottom and temperature at wellhead with a pressure of
wellhead of 300 psia.
Check the difference compared to the results obtained previously.
 PERFORMANCE OF THE CORRELATION OF
PROPER FLOW
Well test and Surging gradient

Variable Value Measure MD Pressure

Pressure in 0 300
300 psia
Wellhead
Temperature 1500 560
in head of 130 F 2500 690
well
Flow of 4500 1200
production of 6500 STB/D 6500 1760
Liquid
7500 2070
GOR 500
8500 2360
WaterCut 10
PERFORMANCE OF THE CORRELATION OF
PROPER FLOW
Analyze what the appropriate flow correlation is
between: Beegs and Brill Revised, Duns and Ros,
Hagedorn and Brown.

Having a head pressure of 300 psia

 ELECTION OF THE INDEX OF
Adequate productivity
Determine what the value of the productivity index is (5 – 10 STBD/psi)
taking into account the well test

Variable Value Measure

Pressure in
300 psia
Wellhead
Temperature
in Head of 130 F
well
Flow of
production of 6500 STB/D
Liquid
GOR 500
WaterCut 10
Determine the value of the AOFP with the new productivity index
 WATER CUT ANALYSIS
Determine the highest possible value of the cut of
water with which the well can produce for
natural emergence
•WaterCut:
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
 CASE STUDY #10

WELL PERFORMANCE OF
GAS USING THE MODE
COMPOSITIONAL
Optimization of Production
FROM A OIL WELL
The following information is available about the
completion
Variable Value Measure
Reserve Press 3700 psia
Reserve Temp 170 ft
Permeability 50 mD
Thickness 30 ft
Hollow Diameter 6 in
Drainage Radius 2000 ft
Skin (mechanic 3
Optimization of Production
FROM A OIL WELL
The following information about the Tubing is available.

Variable Valor Measure

Surface Temp 60 F
Kick Off M 2000 ft
Perf Md 7500 ft
Perf TVD 7000 ft
Reser Temp 170 ft
Tubing Id 2,992 in
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION
FROM A OIL WELL
The following information of the fluid is available
Variable Value Measure
Water Cut 40 %
GOR 500 scf/stb
Gas SG 0.71
Water SG 1,1
Oil API 26 API
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION
FROM A OIL WELL
Bubble point information
Variable Value Measure
Pressure 2000 Dog
Temperature 170 F
Solution Gas (Relation
500 Scf/stb
of dissolved gas

Calculate the liquid production flow and the pressure

of flowing background having a head pressure of
250 psia
Optimization of production
FROM A OIL WELL
Assume a damage of 3 that can be reduced to 0 through
acid stimulation and -2 through hydraulic fracturing.
•Insert a gas injection point at 4500 ft. With a SG = 0.6 and a
Injection temperature at the surface of 90 F
Complete the following table

Gas Flow Gas Flow Gas Flow Gas Flow

Skin Lift 0 Lift 0.5 Lift 1 Lift 2
MMSCFD MMSCFD MMSCFD MMSCFD
3
0
-2
 CASE STUDY #10

WELL PERFORMANCE OF
GAS USING THE MODE
COMPOSITIONAL
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION
FROM A OIL WELL
The following information is available about the
completion
Variable Value Measure
Reserve Press 4600 psia
Reserve Temp 280 F
IP 1E-6 MMSCFD/psi
Production Optimization
FROM A OIL WELL
The following information about the Tubing is available

Variable Value Measure

TVD 11000 ft
MD 11000 ft
Temp Amb 30 ft
ID Tubing 3,476 in
ID Casing 8,681 in
MD EOT 10950 ft
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION
FROM A OIL WELL
The following gas chromatography is available.
Component % molar Variable C7+ Valour
C1 78 Boiling Point 214
C2 8 Molecular Weight 115
C3 3.5 Specific Gravity 0.683
iC4 1,2
nC4 1.5
iC5 0.8
nC5 0.5
nC6 0.5
C7+ 6
Optimization of Production
FROM AN OIL WELL

What is the % of Saturation Water at Conditions

of Reservoir
Wellhead pressure 800 psia
Find the value of gas production flow
The flowing bottom pressure
The flowing background temperature
Optimization of Production
FROM AN OIL WELL
DST Data
Q Pwf
9,728 3000
11,928 2500
14,336 1800

Find the value of 'C' and 'n'.

Find the gas production flow, the bottom pressure
flow and temperature at the wellhead, having
a wellhead pressure of 800 psia
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION
FROM A OIL WELL
Determine the optimal size of the tubing, if you have
available pipes with internal diameters of:
ID Unit
2,992 in
3,958 in
4,892 in
6,184 in
Optimization of Production
FROM A OIL WELL
Determine the optimal size of the tubing, if one has
available pipes with internal diameters of:
ID Unit
2,992 in
3,958 in
4,892 in
6,184 in

Taking into account a decrease in pressure

reservoir static of: 4600, 4200, 3800 and 3400
psia. Keeping the wellhead pressure at
800 psia.
PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION
FROM A OIL WELL
Determine the appropriate size of the choke for
maintain the pressure at the wellhead at 800 psia and
to have an output pressure of 710 psia:
Variable Valor Measure
Wave Radio 0
ID Flowline 6 In
Roughness 0.01 In
Thickness 0.5 In
Temp Amb 60 F
MD EOT 10950 ft
Conduct the analysis for choke sizes
from 1 inch to 3 inches with increments of 0.5
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION
FROM A OIL WELL
The following gas chromatography is available
Component % molar Variable C7+ Value
C1 75 Boiling Point 214
C2 6 Molecular Weight 115
C3 3 Specific Gravity 0,683
iC4 1
nC4 1 Calculate the % of water of
iC5 1 saturation if the pressure
nC5 0.5 static of the reservoir is
nC6 0.5 from 4300 psia
C7+ 12
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION
FROM AN OIL WELL
The following surge profile is given
MD Pressure
3000 950
6000 1095
9000 1250
11000 1365
Find the appropriate flow correlation between
Ansari
Beegs and Brill Revised
Duns and Ros
Hagedorn Brown
With a head pressure of 800 psia
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION
FROM A OIL WELL
Determine the gas production flow to the
system exit, the bottom pressure
fluent, the flow of liquid at the height of the
drilling and liquid production at the
system exit.
•Carry out a multiphase flow mapping and
check if the system will form hydrates.
 INDEX OF
PRODUCTIVITY
 Flow States
There are three states of flow depending on
how is the variation of pressure with time:

•Non-continuous flow: dP/dt ≠ 0

Continuous Flow: dP/dt = 0
Semi-continuous flow: dP/dt = constant
 Non-continuous flow
It is a type of flow where the pressure distribution at
the length of the drainage area changes over time,
(dP/dt ≠ 0). This is the type of flow that initially
It occurs when a well is opened for production.
that was closed or vice versa. The duration
this period can usually be hours or
days, fundamentally depending on the
permeability of the producing formation. Given that
the pressure differential does not stabilize
they will consider equations to estimate the rate of
production in this state of flow.
 Continuous Flow
It is a type of flow where the pressure distribution at
the length of the drainage area does not change over time,
(dP/dt = 0). It occurs when it stabilizes the
pressure distribution in the drainage area of a
well belonging to a deposit
sufficiently large.
 Semi-Continuous Flow
It is a type of flow where the distribution of
pressure along the drainage area changes
with time but at a constant rate, (dP/dt
= cte).
 Production Process
Transport process of fluids from the outer drainage radius in
the deposit up to the separator.

Pws: Static pressure of the reservoir.

Pwfs: Bottom pressure
fluent at the face level of
the sand.
•Pwf: Bottom pressure
fluent.
Pwh: Head pressure of the
well.
Psep: Separator pressure
at the flow station.
 Productivity Index
Productivity index (J) is defined as the
existing relationship between the production rate (Qo) and
the pressure differential of the reservoir (Pws) and the
flowing bottom pressure in the well.

It is mathematically defined as:

BPD Qo(BPD) Qo(BPD)

J = =
lpc (Pws wf−P)(lpc)(∆ P )(lpc)
 Productivity Index
In practice, it has been found that the IPR is a
almost linear relationship between Pwf and Qo, as long as the Pwf
is above the bubble point pressure Pb.
A scale of productivity index values is the
next:

Low Productivity: J < 0.5 BPD/lpc.

Average productivity: 0.5 BPD/lpc < J < 1.0 BPD/lp
High Productivity: 1.0 BPD/lpc < J < 2.0 BPD/lpc.
Excellent Productivity: J> 2.0 BPD/ lpc.
 Productivity Index
A straight line, the index method of
productivity is considered adequate in this case
due to the fluid flowing at the termination to a
considerably above the point of
bubbling and no gas comes out of the solution in this
stage. This method is applied throughout life of
field, and the productivity index is not expected to
I changed. The PI will not be affected by changes in the
pressure of the tank due to the pressure of the tank
it is maintained by water injection
 Vogel's Method
Vogel in 1968 used a computerized model for IPRs
generate for many saturated oil reservoirs
hypothetical under a wide range of conditions,
he normalized the calculated IPRs and expressed them in form
dimensionless
Dimensionless pressure = Pwf / Pr
Dimensionless flow = Qo / Qomáx.
Where Qomáx is the flow rate at zero pressure gradient and it is the
AOF of the well.
Vogel's Method
 Vogel's Method
Vogel in 1968 used a computerized model for IPRs
generate for many saturated oil reservoirs
hypothetical under a wide range of conditions,
normalized the calculated IPRs and expressed them in form
adimensional
Dimensionless pressure = Pwf / Pr
Dimensionless flow = Qo / Qomáx.
Where Qomáx is the flow rate under zero pressure flow conditions and is the
AOF of the well.
NODE ANALYSIS
 Objective of Nodal Analysis
The main objective of Nodal Analysis is to allow the
diagnostico del comportamiento de un pozo o
well system to optimize production
varying the different manageable components of
system for achieving the best performance
economic of the project.
In order for fluid flow to occur in a system
production, it is necessary that the energy of the fluids
in the reservoir be able to overcome the losses of
load on the various components of the system.
 Nodal Analysis
Fluids have to go from the
reservoir to the plants of
process; passing through the pipes
production, equipment
superficial wounds on the head and flat
from the well and the collection lines.

Nodal Analysis is a very method

flexible that can be used for
improve behavior of
many well systems.
 Applications of Nodal Analysis
Choose the optimal diameter of the pipe
Choose the optimal diameter of the collection line
Dimension the diameter of the throttle.
Analyze the abnormal behavior of a well by
restrictions.
Obtain production forecasts
Evaluate the stimulation of wells
Analyze the effects of shooting density
Optimize production and economic performance of the
fields based on demand.
 Applications of Nodal Analysis
Choose the optimal diameter of the pipe
Choose the optimal diameter of the collection line
Dimension the diameter of the choke
Analyze the abnormal behavior of a well due to
restrictions.
Obtain production forecasts
Evaluate well stimulation
Analyze the effects of shot density
Optimize production and economic performance of the
fields based on demand.
 Inflow Outflow
The graphical representation of the arrival pressure
from the fluids to the node based on the flow rate
of production is called Supply Curve
energy or fluids from the reservoir (Inflow
Curve), and the graphical representation of the pressure
required at the output of the node based on the
production flow is called Curve of
Energy or fluid demand of the installation
(Outflow Curve).
Inflow Outflow
Nodal Analysis
Nodal Analysis
Nodal Analysis
 FLOW ASSURANCE
Some of the production problems-
more severe operations are the associated risks
with fluid transportation. When the oil, the
water and gas flow simultaneously in a well
or from the pipe, a series of
potential problems. These problems can
be related to instability in the flow, the
erosion, corrosion, and the formation of solids, and
it can lead to a serious risk of
line obstructions.
 FLOW ASSURANCE
How to design wells and pipes to ensure that
the produced fluids will be transported from
safe and economical way to the facilities of
downstream water treatment is a challenge
important for engineers.

An exact description of the properties of

fluid is critical for correctly modeling the
production system.
 FLOW ASSURANCE
How to design wells and pipes to ensure that
the produced fluids will be transported from
a safe and economical way to the facilities of
downstream processing is a challenge
important for engineers.

An exact description of the properties of

fluid is critical for accurately modeling the
sistema de producción.
 FLOW ASSURANCE
Specific modeling studies of
flow assurance includes:
Prediction of erosion
Prediction of corrosion due to acidic gases
Prediction of hydrate formation including
mitigation with inhibitor injection
Liquid Loading Prediction (Wells)
Detailed modeling of heat transfer.
 CORROSION AND EROSION
Specific modeling studies of
flow assurance includes:
Prediction of erosion
Prediction of corrosion due to acidic gases
Prediction of hydrate formation including
mitigation with inhibitor injection
Liquid Loading Prediction (Wells)
Detailed modeling of heat transfer.