Dr. N.G.P.
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
Recognized by UGC & Accredited by NAAC with A+ and NBA (BME, CSE, ECE, EEE and Mech)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
22UCS905 SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK
UNIT IV
NETWORK FUNCTION VIRTUALIZATION
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Explain the concept of virtual machine.
A VM is a virtualized instance of a computer that can perform almost all of the same
functions as a computer, including running applications and operating systems.
2. Explain the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors.
Category Type 1 Type 2
Location Installed Directly installed on computer hardware Installed on top of the host OS
Virtualization Type Hardware virtualization OS virtualization
Operation Guest OS and application on the hypervisor As an application on OS
Takes advantage of high-core count
Adequate for testing, development, and
Performance processors more efficiently, making it ideal
tinkering
for big and high-scaling operations
Direct hardware installation means each
Provides sandboxed guest OS making it
Security VM is very safe from all host OS
adequately safe
vulnerabilities
Easy but some technical knowledge
Setup Quick and easy
required
Suited Hardware Type 1 hypervisors get their performance Type 2 hypervisors are used for
from high processor core counts; server- smaller-scale operations and
rated hardware is ideal convenience; better suited to PC
Dr. N.G.P. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
Recognized by UGC & Accredited by NAAC with A+ and NBA (BME, CSE, ECE, EEE and Mech)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
hardware
3. List and explain the key benefits of NFV.
Reduced CapEx
Reduced OpEx
Reducing the time.
Ease of interoperability.
Provided agility and flexibility
4. List and explain the key requirements for NFV.
Portability/interoperability
Performance trade-off
Migration and coexistence with respect to legacy equipment
Management and orchestration
Automation
Security and resilience
Network stability
Simplicity
Integration
5. Describe an overview of the NFV architecture.
An NFV architecture consists of three parts: Centralized virtual network infrastructure:
An NFV infrastructure may be based on either a container management platform or a
hypervisor thatabstracts the compute, storage and network resources.
6. What is hardware virtualization?
It is the abstraction of computing resources from the software that uses cloud resources. It
involves embedding virtual machine software into the server's hardware components.
7. Explain the concept of NFV orchestration.
The NFV Orchestrator provides management of the NFV services, which is responsible
for onboarding new network services (NS) and VNF packages; NS lifecycle
management; global resource management; and the validation and authorization of NFVI
resource requests.
8. What is the relationship between NFV and Software-Defined Networking (SDN)?
NFV and SDN both utilize software components, but the two are fundamentally different.
NFV converts network processes themselves into software applications, while SDN
virtualizes the management of networks so you can gain from features like application-
based traffic prioritization.
9. How does NFV reduce the dependency of service providers on network equipment
manufacturers?
Dr. N.G.P. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
Recognized by UGC & Accredited by NAAC with A+ and NBA (BME, CSE, ECE, EEE and Mech)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By implementing NFV, service providers can use storage, and servers to run virtual
machines that perform network functions. Consolidating multiple functions into a single
physical server reduces costs and limits the need for on-site visits.
10. Explain how NFV enhances network scalability and flexibility.
Scaling the network architecture with virtual machines is faster and easier, and it does not
require purchasing additional hardware.
11. How does NFV contribute to reducing vendor lock-in?
Reduction of Vendor Lock-In: NFV boosts interoperability by allowing VNFs from
various providers, reducing vendor dependency, and fostering a competitive ecosystem
while preventing vendor lock-in.
12. Explain the relationship between NFV and reducing time-to-market for new
services.
NFV allows to abstract underlying hardware, and enables elasticity, scalability and
automation. Improves the flexibility of network service provisioning and reduce the time
to deploy new services.
13. What are the essential infrastructure components required for NFV deployment?
The major components of an NFV architecture include the VNFs, the NFV infrastructure
(NFVI) and the NFV management and network orchestration (MANO)
14. How important is virtualization technology in implementing NFV?
Network functions virtualization (NFV) is the replacement of network appliance
hardware with virtual machines. The virtual machines use a hypervisor to run networking
software and processes such as routing and load balancing.
15. What factors influence the choice of virtualization technology in NFV deployments?
Performance Requirements: The performance requirements of the network functions
being virtualized play a crucial role in selecting the virtualization technology.
Resource Efficiency and Scalability: The ability of the virtualization technology to
efficiently utilize hardware resources and scale as needed is another important factor.
