Assignment #1
Name: Syed Fariz Raza
Subject: Computer Networking (CS-317T)
Roll number: 2023F-BCS-340
Semester: 5th
Batch: 2023F
Q#1: Identify the available residential access technologies in your city (At least five). For
each type of access, provide the advertised downstream rate, upstream rate, and monthly
price. (Hint: use table to show).
Answer # 1
Access Downstream Upstream Monthly price
Technologies
PTCL Flash Fiber 20 Mbps, 50 Mbps, ~32.8 Mbps 20 Mbps PKR 3,449;
(FTTH) 100 Mbps, up to ~250 50 Mbps PKR 6,899
Mbps
Optix (Fiber) 30 Mbps, 50 Mbps, 75 Upto 200 Mbps 30 Mbps PKR 3,199;
Mbps, 100 Mbps, 200 (according to their 200 Mbps PKR 10,999
Mbps website)
StormFiber (FTTH) 25, 40, 70, 115, 200, 22.1 Mbps 70 Mbps PKR 5,599
275 Mbps (according to PTCL
speed test)
Transworld Home 20 Mbps, 50 Mbps, 75 ~24.5 Mbps 20 Mbps PKR 2,901
(Fiber) Mbps, 100 Mbps, 200
Mbps
Zong 4G (“Wingle”, 20–40 Mbps 5–10 Mbps 3,000–6,000 PKR
LTE)
Q#2: Suppose there is exactly one packet switch between a sending host and a receiving host.
The transmission rates between the sending host and the switch and between the switch and
the receiving host are R1 and R2, respectively. Assuming that the switch uses store-and
forward packet switching, Estimate the total end-to-end delay to send a packet of length L?
(Ignore queuing, propagation delay, and processing delay.)
Answer # 2
The transmission delay on the first link (i.e., the time needed by the host to push out the full
packet out of its hardware) is L/R1. Note that the switch needs to receive the complete packet
before it starts transmitting it on link 2. For link 2, the transmission delay L/R2. Since all
other delays are to be ignored, the end-to-end delay between the source and the destination is
L/R1+ L/R2.
L L
Total end−¿−end delay= +
R1 R2
This is the total end-to-end delay to send the packet under the given assumptions.
Q#3: Consider sending a packet from a source host to a destination host over a fixed route.
Identify the delay components in the end-to-end delay. Which of these delays are constant
and which are variable? How long does it take a packet of length 1,000 bytes to propagate
over a link of distance 2,500 km, propagation speed 108 m/s, and transmission rate 2 Mbps?
More generally, how long does it take a packet of length L to propagate over a link of
distance d, propagation speed s, and transmission rate R bps? Does this delay depend on
packet length? Does this delay depend on transmission rate?
Answer # 3
The delay components in the end-to-end delay include
Processing delay:
It refers to the time that routers take to examine the header, check for errors, and decide
forwarding. It can be variable but often assumed constant for simple models.
Queuing delay:
It is the time packet spends in router buffers waiting for transmission. It is variable as it
depends on traffic load.
Transmission delay:
It refers to the time to push all packets bits into the link. It is constant for a given packet and
link rate.
Propagation delay:
It is the time for signal to travel through the medium from sender to receiver. It is constant for
a given link.
Propagation time for given parameters:
Length L = 1,000 bytes = 1,000 * 8 = 8,000 bits
Distance d = 2,500 km = 2,500,000 meters = 2.5 X 106 m
Propagation speed s = 108 m/s = 1.0 x 108
Transmission rate R = 2 Mbps = 2 x 106 bps
d 2.5× 106
Propagation delay = = = 0.025 s = 25 ms
s 1.0× 108
L 8000
Transmission delay = = = 0.004 s = 4 ms
R 2× 106
Total delay = transmission + propagation = 4 + 25 = 29 ms
General Formula for one link
For a packet length, distance, propagation speed, transmission rate:
L d
Delay = +
R s
The delay depends on packet Length L through packet delay.
The delay depends on transmission rate R through transmission delay.
