Solved Exercises on Normal Distribution
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsSolved Exercises on Normal Distribution
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsNormal distribution, exercises
resolved
Let's look at the proposed problems and solved exercises of
normal distribution.
The normal distribution, Gaussian distribution, or Gaussian is
the most commonly used continuous probability distribution in the course of
statistics. The normal distribution allows us to create models of
many variables and phenomena, such as height,
ambient temperature of a city, measurement errors, and many
other natural, social, and even psychological phenomena. For this reason, today
let's review its features and many solved problems in 3
levels of difficulty.
Review
What would happen if a survey is conducted in a city among adults?
Are you inquiring about your height? Based on the results obtained, it is possible to
to create a histogram that would have the following shape:
As we can see, the histogram has a bell shape, a characteristic
importance of the normal distribution.
A very important parameter is the mean (µ) and it will always be at the center.
of the bell-shaped curve. For example, here we have the graph of
a normal distribution with a mean equal to 8.
In addition to the average, there is another very important parameter, which is
the standard deviation, represented by the Greek letter σ. The deviation
standard is the most used measure of variability and indicates how
The data is dispersed. For example, here we will see two curves.
normal, one with a small standard deviation, and another with deviation
large standard deviation. When the standard deviation is small, the data
they have a low dispersion and group around the mean. In contrast,
when the standard deviation is high, the data have a high dispersion,
and they move away from the average.
Characteristics of the normal distribution
There is a mathematical function, shaped like a bell, that has the
next definition:
If this function is graphed, the result is the normal curve:
In addition, it has the following characteristics:
Take into account the mean (µ) and the standard deviation (σ).
The area under the curve is equal to one.
It is asymmetric with respect to the center or the mean.
50% of the values are greater than the average, and 50% of the values are
below average.
The mean is equal to the median and the mode.
It has an asymptote at y = 0 (x-axis).
Some other examples of variables with normal distribution:
Scores in an exam.
Measurement errors.
Blood pressure.
Size of the pieces produced by a machine.
To find the probabilities or amount of data between certain
values of the variable, the area under the normal curve is calculated, which is
find in the z table or table of areas under the standardized normal curve.
The standard normal distribution
The standard normal distribution is that normal distribution which has
a mean equal to zero, and a standard deviation equal to one. Let's see
the standardized normal density function, which works with the variable
standardized z on the horizontal axis:
For example, if one wants to find the probability that the variable
standardized z, take a value between 0 and 1.50; you need to find the area
under the curve between z = 0 and z = 1.50.
To calculate the value of this area, the z table is used and the value is sought.
1.50
As we can see, the value of the area under the curve is 0.4332, and that would be the
probability that the standardized variable z takes a value
understood between 0 and 1.50.
What if my normal distribution is not standardized?
In most problems, when analyzing different variables x, the
normal distribution does not have the standardized form, that is, the mean does not
is zero and the standard deviation is not one. In those cases, they are converted the
values of the variable (x) to z, that is, the values of the
variable (x).
The formula for the standardized variable 'z', which indicates how many
Standard deviations determine how far the value x is from the mean.
And then, with the z values, the table is used and the areas under are calculated.
the curve, percentages or probabilities. In the videos that come lines
Below, you will find many examples.
For example, if we have a continuous random variable X with a
non-standard normal distribution, with a mean equal to 10 and standard deviation
standard equal to 1, and the problem asks to calculate the probability that the
variable X takes a value between 10 and 11.50, values need to be standardized
from variable X applying the z formula:
Now, let's look at the graph of this normal distribution:
And using the z table, the area under the curve is calculated. When z is equal to
1.50, the area under the curve is 0.4332.
We can conclude that the probability that the standardized variable z,
I took a value between 10 and 11.50, it is 0.4332.
