BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF

VENEZUELA UNIVERSITY
BICENTENNIAL OF ARAGUA SCHOOL OF
PSYCHOLOGY

COMPARATIVE TABLE
DEVELOPMENTALPSYCHOLOGY I
•Participant:
Stephany Bustamante C.I: 28,329,682
5th Quarter
 THEORIES OF PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY LEARNINGTHEORY
COGNITIVETHEORY
EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT FREUD AND (WATSON, SKINNER, BANDURA,) EVOLUTIVE AND S
MAIN ERICSON)
(PIAGETY
OCIOCULTURAL
REPRESENTATIVES VYGOTSKY)
Psychoanalysis is a set of theories Its object of study focuses on acquisition. The Learning Theory of Swiss psychologist Jean
Piaget, considered the father of constructivism, is
and a discipline created in principle of skills and abilities, in reasoning
it focuses on the cognitive development of children and
and in the acquisition of concepts.
to treat mental illnesses adolescents. Their theory describes and explains the changes
The theory of behaviorism focuses on the
based on the revelation of the unconscious that are produced in logical thinking to these
study of behaviors that can be observed and ages. Piaget suggested that cognitive development
to measure (Good and Brophy, 1990). Go to the mind it occurs following a series of maturation stages and
FREUD: The main traits of
the
personality is established in childhood and the as a 'black box' in the sense that the experience: sensorimotor, preoperational,

early childhood, both in normal development responses to stimuli can be observed concrete operations and formal operations.

like in the abnormal case in the first instance, the quantitatively completely ignoring the The Theory of Sociocultural Development of Vygotsky
FOUNDATION characteristics are expressed in a moderate manner and
possibility of any process that may occur in affirms that individuals learn through the
in harmony with the rest of the personality, without
N cause conflicts with the environment. In the development
the interior of the mind. social interactions and their culture. Vygotsky explains
that dialogue is a psychological tool
abnormal, the childish traits many important in the development of the child's thinking,
problems arise because be very And as children grow and develop, their
express
primarily, causing conflict in the subject
basic language becomes more complex.
y [Link] to Freud, the Language is key in human development,
disapproval
because this is produced through processes of
child's development is described as a
exchange and transmission of knowledge in
series of psychosexual stages oral, anal, acommunicativeandsocialmedium

phallic, of latency and genital.

 THEORIES OF PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY LEARNINGTHEORY
COGNITIVETHEORY
EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT FREUD Y (WATSON, SKINNER, BANDURA,) EVOLUTIONARY AND S
MAIN ERICSON
CHILINA LEÓN (PIAGETY
OCIOCULTURAL
Representatives VYGOTSKY
According to Freud, the unconscious is the source of Chilina: Supports the objective of evaluating the Piaget:
our motivations, whether simple desires of
multidimensionality of child development Cognitive development occurs through a series of stages
food or sex, neurotic compulsions or the reasons for
an artist or scientist. Additionally, we have a tendency to
integral, together with the assessments of universals.

deny or resist these motivations of their perception your parents about how they have worked and
The children are active learners that
aware, so that they are only observable from they operate, on the continuum from risk to protection, they build knowledge through interaction with their
disguised form. The term unconscious is the most
a selection of factors organized based on environment.
popular of psychoanalysis itself They learn through assimilation and accommodation, and the
n child's body, their family, school
the Complex cognitive development occurs through balance.
Diagram of the structural model of three instances (Itself,
and community.
I and Super-I) and its superposition with the model Interaction with the physical world is key to the
spatial of the psyche in the first topology of cognitive development.
S. Freud (conscious, preconscious, unconscious). The Thetheoryofinstrumentalconditioningor

CHARACTERISTIC This is the oldest and original instance of the Vygotsky:

Skinner's operant describes how reinforcements
personality and the basis of the other two.
theyformandmaintainabehavior Children develop through conversations.

S The fundamental rule of psychoanalytic technique is

The determined. informal and formal with adults.

Free Association. The analyst introduces the patient into the The first years of life are fundamental for the
Albert Bandura describes the conditions in
technique requesting that you inform him of all the
that learns to imitate models. development, as it is where thought and language
thoughts, occurrences, ideas or images that come to you
they are becoming increasingly independent.
pass through the mind, regardless of whether these
they may seem absurd, irrelevant, or compromising without
Watsontheanalysisofbehaviorandrelationships era
Complex mental activities begin in the
to criticize them or to select them the only objective method to achieve the basic social activities.
• Each of the stages is determined by a
penetration in human actions and
conflict that allows for individual development. When the Children can perform more difficult tasks with help
extrapolate the proper method of the Sciences from a more experienced individual.
the person manages to resolve each of the conflicts,
grows psychologically. Natural
Tasks that are a challenge promote growth.
(the scientific method) to Psychology
cognitive development.
THEORIES OFDEVELOPMENT PSYCHOANALYTICALTHEORY THEORYOFLEARNING
Cognitive-EvolutionaryTheory
EVOLUTIONARYMAIN (FREUD AND (WATSON, SKINNER, BANDURA,) AND SOCIOCULTURAL
REPRESENTATIVES ERICSON
(PIAGETY
The importance of Psychoanalysis lies in that
VYGOTSKY)
The methods and orientations of teaching have
The initial influence of behaviorism on the
it is a tool that can help the psychology aimed to minimize the introspective study of were strongly influenced by the theories of

mentaplrocessese,motionsa,ndfeelings, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Both authors have

people to live better, solve problems
replacing it with the objective study of the contributed to the field of education and the
emotional and feeling more satisfied with the
behaviors of individuals in relation psychology, offering explanations about how
life. People believe that changes in life
with the environment, through experimental methods. learning and cognitive development occurs in
or emotional growth is something that early ages.
This
new approach suggested a way to relate the
naturally it is going to happen, however, if the
animal and human research and reconciliation Furthermore, both Piaget and Vygotsky share the
the person decides they can make changes psychology with the other natural sciences, idea of the importance of play in the aspect

IMPORTANCE proposals with the aim of living better. like physics, chemistry, or biology.
Current behaviorism has influenced psychology of
psychological, pedagogical and social of the human being. By
Why live suffering? The discovery finally, both think that language is
Psychoanalysis provides us with the three ways: has replaced the importante
for cognitive development, but from different
mechanical conception of the stimulus-response relationship
possibility of analyzing in a way perspectives.
response for another more functional one that emphasizes
deep, what makes us who we are it proposes that children's performance has a foundation
in the meaning of stimulus conditions
we are, to accept our desire and seek organic and consequently maturation acquires
for
the individual; has introduced employment
ways to be congruent with ourselves an important role, especially in changes
of the experimental method for the study of cases
evolutionary at an early age, but despite that, the
same. individuals, and it has shown that the concepts and
advances in ORBIS Journal / Human Sciences
behaviorist principles are useful for helping to
Carmen “Chilina” León Viloria Año 3 / Nº 7 / Julio
solve practical problems in various areas of the
2007, they highlight the importance of
applied psychology.
enrichment
environmental and the interactive nature of the process.
 THEORY
Psychoanalytic

Scientists Importance characteristics

Freud was developing the development of • Freud believed that people were born with
individual with the psychosexual theory whichbiological impulses that need to be redirected
consists of: ORAL (birth to 12-18 to live in society.
months) Freud proposed that personality is
ANAL (12-18 months to 3 years) shaped from childhood conflicts
FALICA (three to six years) LATENCY unconscious among innate impulses
(six years to puberty) GENITAL about that and the needs of life
Sigmund Freud (puberty to adulthood). civilized
It also explains how it works Freud made us aware of the importance of the
personality thanks to the functioning of ideas, feelings, and motivations
hi, hello, superego. unconscious, childhood experience, the
ambivalent emotional responses, in
especially with parents, the functions of
the mental representations of the self and of
others in interpersonal relationships
and the path of normal development of a
immature independent state, to a
mature and independent state.
 THEORY
Psychoanalytic

Scientists Importance characteristics

Psychosocial stages • This theory is based on the
Trust vs distrust influence of society within
(birth to 12-18 months) of the development of the
Autonomy vs Shame and personality. Erikson, also
doubt he was one of the pioneers of
(12-18 months to three years) construct of the life cycle.
Initiative vs Guilt (three • Erikson claimed that the
at six years old the formation of the self occurs at
Diligence vs Inferiority throughout life.
Erick Erickson (six years to puberty) • Erikson understands that the
Identity vs confusion individual, as it goes
puberty to early adulthood passing through the
Intimacy vs Isolation different stages, go
(early adulthood) Creativity developing your consciousness
vs Stagnation (adulthood) thanks to social interaction.
media)
Integrity vs Desperation
late adulthood
 LEARNING THEORY

Scientists Importance Characteristics

Skinner developed his famous theory on Skinner is based on the idea that the
human behavior and its events related to learning
reactions to external stimuli, by they change or modify our
through which a behavior is behavior and our ways of
reinforced with the intention that it act according to certain
repeat or be exterminated according to the circumstances. These changes are the
consequences that the stimulus entails. result of the individual response to the
Skinner B.F stimuli that we experience. Our
response comes according to the stimulus
what we receive.
Skinner in his behavioral theory of
impact of positive or negative stimulus
to eliminate or reinforce certain patterns
of behavior.
 LEARNING THEORY

Scientists Importance Characteristics

This type of learning occurs at the It is a learning based on the
long throughout life. For example, the association of a stimulus that by the
fear of drowning or heights general does not produce a response
it could be explained by a past particular, in front of another stimulus that
experience of having fallen from a if she generates.
trampoline or a small cow. Watson made important contributions
with their experiments in development
• Watson claimed that behavior was human
a matter of reflections • The research methods used
conditioned, that is, of responses for Watson, currently they would be
learned considered that the three something very controversial.
Watson the only innate instincts were: the • Their studies showed that the role
fear, anger, and love. from human conditioning can
bring negative feelings to the
human emotions such as
phobias and other types of harms such as
consequence of their experiments.
• This may explain
certain feelings, phobias and
prejudices that develop the
people.
 LEARNING THEORY

Scientists Importance characteristics

It is observed that in this theory there is no
they take into account factors that
they also intervene in learning
social for human development.

Bandura is based on his theory that the • The classical perspective of this theory starts
Bandura behavior that the individual acquires from the conception that people
since his childhood it is through they learn socially acceptable behaviors
observation and imitation, this influenced accepted by observation or imitation
through social interaction. of models.
• This process is called learning.
by observation or modeling.
 LEARNING THEORY

Scientists Importance Characteristics

As we can observe, this - Affective development (Achieves security,
octagonal model seeks to implement autonomy and identity
other areas of development. Which is seen - Social development (Interacts with its
represented the child within an oval, environment)
this will be understood as the relationship of the - Moral development (Learn values)
Chilina León child within their community context. - Language development (Enjoy
The boy is inside an octagon. communicating with others
that in their development perform e - Physical development (Grows and matures)
8 areas interact simultaneously. - Motor development (Controls his
body)
- Sexual development (Recognizes its
gender
- (Discover the world around you)
 COGNITIVE THEORY
EVOLUTIONARY AND SOCIOCULTURAL

Scientists Importance characteristic

Piaget mentions four stages of These are the stages that refer to the
cognitive development which provides to the way the child develops his
know the skills that one must thinking skills according to
develop the child during their growth is growing they are being left aside
biological. everything that surrounds the child such as
Organization and Adaptation. the environmental influences, the role of
I call these basic principles, the school and the home.
which in turn I call principle Piaget • thought that the mind does not
invariables, which govern the intellect to respond to stimuli but
of the child. grows, changes and adapts to the world.
Jean Piaget
The Organization The
Adaptation
Assimilation and Accommodation
The Assimilation
The Accommodation
Stages.
Sensorimotor
Preoperational Operations
Concrete Operations
Formal
 Scientists Importance characteristic
Vygotsky's theory is based on development • I thought that the patterns of thought of
of the individual from the interaction with the individuals are not due to innate factors, but
other subjects immersed in a certain what are the products of the institutions
context, however not all these interactions cultural and social activities.
can lead to achieving the complete development of • It highlights that knowledge is not constructed.
how much is talked about, since it sets aside a individually as Piaget proposed, but
a very important factor, which is the 'knowing that is built between people as it unfolds
Lev Vygotsky to be”, as Philip indicates “the individual that interact.
I would be gathering and reproducing the ideas. He distinguished three stages in the use of language:
social issues, which poses difficulties regarding the social stage, the egocentric stage, and the speech stage
to progress and the creation of new ideas internal.
Social speech
Cognitive speech
• Internal talk
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

John B. Watson was an American psychologist who is considered the founder of behaviorism. He was born on January 9, 1878, and died on September 25, 1958. Watson believed that psychology should be a science of observable behavior, rather than the study of the mind or consciousness.

[Link]
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[Link]
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[Link]
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htps://[Link]/development/development-psychology-teorias

htps://[Link]/development/ttheory of psychosocial development

erikson#!