Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
Exercise 1.1
Q.1. Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form p/q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0?
Solution:
We know that a number is said to be rational if it can be written in the form p/q, where p and q are integers
and q ≠ 0.
Taking the case of ‘0’,
Zero can be written in the form 0/1, 0/2, 0/3 … as well as, 0/1, 0/2, 0/3 ...
Since it satisfies the necessary condition, we can conclude that 0 can be written in the p/q form, where q can
either be positive or negative number.
Hence, 0 is a rational number.
Q.2. Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4.
Solution:
As we have to find 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4, we will multiply both the numbers, 3 and 4, with 6+1
= 7 (or any number greater than 6)
i.e., 3 × (7/7) = 21/7
and, 4 × (7/7) = 28/7. The numbers in between 21/7 and 28/7 will be rational and will fall between 3 and 4.
Hence, 22/7, 23/7, 24/7, 25/7, 26/7, 27/7 are the 6 rational numbers between 3 and 4.
Q.3. Find five rational numbers between 3/5 and 4/5.
Solution:
To find out 5 rational numbers between 3/5 and 4/5, we will multiply both the numbers 3/5 and 4/5
with 5+1=6 (or any number greater than 5)
i.e., (3/5) × (6/6) = 18/30
and, (4/5) × (6/6) = 24/30
The numbers in between18/30 and 24/30 will be rational and will fall between 3/5 and 4/5.
Hence,19/30, 20/30, 21/30, 22/30, 23/30 are the 5 rational numbers between 3/5 and 4/5
Q.4. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answers.
(i) Every natural number is a whole number.
Solution: True
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
Natural numbers- Numbers starting from 1 to infinity (without fractions or decimals)
i.e., Natural numbers = 1,2,3,4…
Whole numbers – Numbers starting from 0 to infinity (without fractions or decimals)
i.e., Whole numbers = 0,1,2,3…
Or, we can say that whole numbers have all the elements of natural numbers and zero.
Every natural number is a whole number; however, every whole number is not a natural number.
(ii) Every integer is a whole number.
Solution: False
Integers- Integers are set of numbers that contain positive, negative and 0; excluding fractional and decimal
numbers.
i.e., integers= {…-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4…}
Whole numbers- Numbers starting from 0 to infinity (without fractions or decimals)
i.e., Whole numbers= 0,1,2,3….
Hence, we can say that integers include whole numbers as well as negative numbers.
Every whole number is an integer; however, every integer is not a whole number.
(iii) Every rational number is a whole number.
Solution: False
Rational numbers- All numbers in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q≠0.
i.e., Rational numbers = 0, 19/30, 2, 9/-3, -12/7…
Whole numbers- Numbers starting from 0 to infinity (without fractions or decimals)
i.e., Whole numbers= 0,1,2,3….
Hence, we can say that integers include whole numbers as well as negative numbers.
All whole numbers are rational; however, all rational numbers are not whole numbers.
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
Exercise 1.2
Q.1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.
(i) Every irrational number is a real number.
Solution: True.
Irrational Numbers – A number is said to be irrational, if it cannot be written in the p/q, where p and q are
integers and q ≠ 0.
i.e., Irrational numbers = π, e, √3, 5+√2, 6.23146…., 0.101001001000….
Real numbers – The collection of both rational and irrational numbers are known as real numbers.
i.e., Real numbers = √2, √5, 0.102…
Every irrational number is a real number, however; every real number is not an irrational number.
(ii) Every point on the number line is of the form √m where m is a natural number.
Solution: False
The statement is false since as per the rule, a negative number cannot be expressed as square roots.
E.g., √9 =3 is a natural number.
But √2 = 1.414 is not a natural number.
Similarly, we know that there are negative numbers on the number line, but when we take the root of a
negative number it becomes a complex number and not a natural number.
E.g., √-7 = 7i, where i = √-1
The statement that every point on the number line is of the form √m, where m is a natural number is false.
(iii) Every real number is an irrational number.
Solution: False.
The statement is false. Real numbers include both irrational and rational numbers. Therefore, every real
number cannot be an irrational number.
2. Are the square roots of all positive integer’s irrational? If not, give an example of the square root of a
number that is a rational number.
Solution:
No, the square roots of all positive integers are not irrational.
For example,
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
√4 = 2 is rational.
√9 = 3 is rational.
Hence, the square roots of positive integers 4 and 9 are not irrational. (2 and 3, respectively).
3. Show how √5 can be represented on the number line.
Solution:
Step 1: Let line AB be of 2 unit on a number line.
Step 2: At B, draw a perpendicular line BC of length 1 unit.
Step 3: Join CA
Step 4: Now, ABC is a right-angled triangle. Applying Pythagoras theorem,
AB2+BC2 = CA2
22+12 = CA2 = 5
⇒ CA = √5. Thus, CA is a line of length √5 unit.
Step 4: Taking CA as a radius and A as a center draw an arc touching
the number line. The point at which number line gets intersected by
arc is at √5 distance from 0 because it is a radius of the circle
whose center was A.
Thus, √5 is represented on the number line as shown in the figure.
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
Exercise 1.3
1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each has:
(i) 36/100
Solution:
= 0.36 (Terminating)
(ii)1/11
Solution:
Solution:
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
= 4.125 (Terminating)
(iv) 3/13
Solution:
(Non-terminating and repeating)
(v) 2/11
Solution:
(vi) 329/400
Solution:
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
= 0.8225 (Terminating)
2. You know that 1/7 = 0.142857. Can you predict what the decimal expansions of 2/7, 3/7, 4/7, 5/7, 6/7
are, without actually doing the long division? If so, how?
[Hint: Study the remainders while finding the value of 1/7 carefully.]
Solution:
3. Express the following in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q 0.
(i)
Solution:
Assume that x = 0.666…
Multiplying by 10 both side we get,
10x = 6.666…
10x= 6+ 0.666…
10x = 6 + x
10x – x = 6
9x = 6
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
x = 2/3
(ii) 0.47
Solution:0.47 = 0.4777… = 4.777…/10 = 4/10 + 0.777…/10
Assume that x = 0.777…
Then, 10x = 7.777…
10x = 7 + 0.777…
10x = 7 + x
10x – x = 7
9x = 7
x = 7/9
Now, x = 7/9 and x = 0.777…
4 0⋅777…
Then, 0.47 = +
10 10
4 7∕9
= +
10 10
4 7
= +
10 90
36+7
=
90
43
=
90
Solution:
Assume that x = 0.001001…
Then, 1000x = 1.001001…
1000x = 1 + 0.001001…
1000x = 1 + x
1000x – x = 1
999x = 1
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
x = 1/999
Q.4. Express 0.99999…. in the form p/q. Are you surprised by your answer? With your teacher and
classmates discuss why the answer makes sense.
Solution:
Assume that x = 0.9999… Eq. (a)
Multiplying both sides by 10,
10x = 9.9999…. Eq. (b)
Eq.(b) – Eq.(a), we get
10x - x = 9.9999… - 0.999…
9x = 9
x=1
The difference between 1 and 0.999999 is 0.000001 which is negligible.
Hence, we can conclude that, 0.999 is too much near 1, therefore, 1 as the answer can be justified.
5. What can the maximum number of digits be in the repeating block of digits in the decimal expansion of
1/17? Perform the division to check your answer.
Solution:
1/17
Dividing 1 by 17, we get
There are 16 digits in the repeating block of the decimal expansion of 1/17.
6. Look at several examples of rational numbers in the form p/q (q ≠ 0), where p and q are integers with no
common factors other than 1 and having terminating decimal representations (expansions). Can you guess
what property q must satisfy?
Solution:
We observe that when q is 2, 4, 5, 8, 10… Then the decimal expansion is terminating. For example:
1/2 = 0. 5, denominator q = 21
7/8 = 0. 875, denominator q =23
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
4/5 = 0. 8, denominator q = 51
We can observe that the terminating decimal may be obtained in the situation where prime factorization of
the denominator of the given fractions has the power of only 2 or only 5 or both.
7. Write three numbers whose decimal expansions are non-terminating non-recurring.
Solution:
We know that all irrational numbers are non-terminating non-recurring. three numbers with decimal
expansions that are non-terminating non-recurring are:
1. √3 = 1.732050807568
2. √26 =5.099019513592
3. √101 = 10.04987562112
8. Find three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5/7 and 9/11.
Solution:
Three different irrational numbers are:
1. 0.74074007400074000074…
2. 0.75075007300075000075…
3. 0.77077007700077000077…
9. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational according to their type:
(i)√23
Solution:
√23 = 4.79583152331…
Since the number is non-terminating and non-recurring therefore, it is an irrational number.
(ii)√225
Solution:
√225 = 15 = 15/1
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
Since the number can be represented in p/q form, it is a rational number.
(iii) 0.3796
Solution:
Since the number,0.3796, is terminating, it is a rational number.
(iv) 7.478478
Solution:
The number,7.478478, is non-terminating but recurring, it is a rational number.
(v) 1.101001000100001…
Solution:
Since the number,1.101001000100001…, is non-terminating non-repeating (non-recurring), it is an
irrational number.
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Chapter 1: Number System Hand Written Notes by Sunil Sir
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