COMPUTER

A computer;

 Is an electronic device that is capable of accepting raw fact (data) as input via
the use of some input devices such as keyboard, mouse, scanner, light pad
etc.?
 Is programmable electronic device that accepts data input, processes, it
stores and output information to the user.
 Is programmable electronic device that is used for processing of information
and capable of calculating and storing information (result)

DATA, DATA PROCESSING AND INFORMATION

One of the functions of the computer is to process data.

Data;- is raw an organized fact that need to be processed.
One data has been processed, it becomes information

COMPONETS OF COMPUTER

A computer consists of two main parts;

 Hard ware; It refers to the physical or tangible component of the computer

system e.g. mouse, key board, printer, monitor, system unity, speaker, ram,
hard disk, processor.
 Software; programs that control the hard ware

HARD WARE COMPONENT

A computer system is made of; computer hard ware components.

1. System unity;- system unit consists the processor (C.P .U means Central
Processing Unit)

2. Memory; RAM and ROMSSS

3. Storage; Hard Disk, Removable storage device.

4. Processor; It dose the calculations speed is very important and measured

in megahertz (M.H.Z). The faster processor the more calculation performed
par second

1 (a) RAM; Random Access Memory is used as working area of the computer it hold
the working programmed data being used and also result.

2 (a) Hard Disk; - permanent memory- it record and stores all program and data,
information.

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 Input Device

An input device is any hard ware component that allows the user enter data and
instruction in to

Users use input hard ware to communicate to the computer. Some of the common
input device includes. Keyboard, mouse, joy stick, mic, barcode, reader, web
camera, touch screen finger print reader etc.

Output Device

Microphone, Speaker, monitor,

HARD WARE DEVICES AND THEIR FUNCTION

HARD WARE DEVICES FUNCTIONS

Mouse It is used for pointing & selecting
Key Board It is for typing information
Projector It is casts images on the computer
Monitor It is used for displaying information

Classification of computer hard ware

 Computer hard ware is commonly class fid to the task they perform. This
task they include data input, data processing, storage, display and
communication or either data or information.
 When a computer receives data from the keyboard (input device), the data
goes through processing stage. (processing device) before it is sent
(communication) to the a monitor (output)
 It can later be stored on a hard disk(cd)/ on flash disk
 Therefore the major computer hard ware classification includes input,
output, storage communication and processing device as summarized in
the figure below.

MOUSE
This is a device that controls the movement of appointer on the screen. It is
an extension of you hand since you can’t touch inside the computer
Functions of a Mouse
 Pointing;- this mean positioning a pointer of an item.
 Clicking;- this mean pressing and releasing a mouse button once.
You can select items or objects on your screen by using one of the
buttons on your mouse.

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  Double;- This mean to press twice quickly the left mouse button and
release
 Dragging;-also called drag and drop. To perform dragging position the
mouse pointer on the screen item, hold down left mouse button and drag to
desired location on the screen, then release the button.

TYPES OF MICE
1. Mechanical Mouse. Use a ball underneath to detect movement
2. An Optical Mouse. Uses light to detect movement
3. Cordless mouse. Uses wireless technology to detect movement
Other Classification Include
a. Desktop mouse. Main used with desktop computers.
Mechanical, optical and cordless are classifications of the
desktop mouse
b. Track ball mouse. Common in laptops. Consists or a rolling ball
and buttons embedded with the keys.
c. TOUCH PAD MOUSE. Small flat regular pointing device that is
sensitive to pressure and moton movement of a figure on the
pad causes the mouse pointer to change position a
accordingly. They are common to laptop computers.

COMPUTER KEY BOARD

A computer key board is an input device that allows you to enter characters or function into
computer by pressing keys

MOST KEY BOARD LAYOUTS

 Qwerty Key Board Layout

 Azerty Key Board Layout
 Dvorak Key Board Layout
 Qwerstz Key Board Layout

I.e. most countries/ people use QWERTY key board layout

Key Board Row

A Key board is divided in to rows ie

i. Numbers row. in this row we have these keys i.e. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,-,+,Back

space button]
ii. Upper row. In this row we have these keys I.e. { Q, W,E,R,T,Y,U,I,O,P [ ] \ }
iii. Home row. In this row we have these keys i.e. { A,S,D,F,G,H,J,K,L,; ‘ Enter
Button}
iv. Lower row. In this we have these keys i.e. { Z,X, C,V,B,N,M , . / }
v. Number [Link] this we have these keys i.e. { 7,8,9,4,5,6,1,2,3,0,}

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 vi. Arrow key

HAND POSITIONING ON THE KEY BOARD

Hand should positioned on the home keys

Left hand holds ( A,S,D,F ) and right hand holds ( J,K,L ; )

LEFT HAND FINGURES

NAME OF LEFT HAND FINGURE LETTERS

Little finger Q A Z
Ring finger W S X
Middle finger E D C
Index finger R T F G V B
Thumb finger SPACE BAR

RIGHT HAND FINGERS

NAME OF THE RIGHT HAND FINGER LETTERS

Thumb finger SPACE BAR
Index finger YU H J N M
Middle finger I K ,
Ring finger O L.
Little finger P;/

Key Board Parts And Their Functions

1. Function keys
They are labeled from f1 to f12 and have different functions in different programs.
They perform specific functions depending on the application package/programs
2. Numerical key pad this is similar to a caluculatar and tan be utilized as an adding
machine one num- lock is off
3. Typing Keys. They include letters , numbers, punctuation and symbols
4. Control keys. These key are used alone or with other keys to perform action
5. Arrow keys
Functions Of Some Key Board Buttons
 Space bar (longest button)
Used for creating space with in words and characters.
 Back space.
 It erases data to the left or the cursor and any highlighted data.
 Enter/return.
 Pressing it takes you to new line or can be used to select items on the menu
 Delete.
It erases data to the right of the cursor and any highlighted data

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  Shift.
It held down to turn on capital letters and same symbols such as <,>,?
 Caps lock.
This turns on the capital letter when pressed again.
 Num lock.(number lock)
It makes the number part if pressed and if you press again it deactivates the
number pads.
 Tab.
Can be used to create space in a document can also be used to move around a
group of icons, shortcuts menu items etc.
 End.
 Takes the cursor to the end of the line or when pressed together with ctrl takes
the cursor to the end of text.
 Home
Takes the cursor to the beging of the line of the line or when pressed together
with ctrl takes the cursor to the beginning of text
 Escape(esc)+
Terminates a process i.e. connects command in most situations.
 Alternate(Alt)
Alternates between two things, e.g. a activating and deactivating menu it is
used in combination with other keys to produce certain results.
 Contral(ctrl)
Used in combination with other keys to produce certain result e.g. alt +ctrl
+delete prompts the user to end a task or to restart the computer
Page up
Takes you up the page
Page down
Takes you down the page
Print screen button
Allows you to print all contents on the screen
Scroll lock
Allows you to control the scroll bar
Pause / break
Allows you to stop information being displayed on the screen
Function keys
Programs specific function depending on applications package/
programs

KEY BOARD SHORTCUTS IN THE TEXT

1. Shift + Enter
Moves the cursor to the next line but does not start anew paragraph or
insert a paragraph mark.
2. Ctrl left arrow
Moves the cursor to the beginning or the word
3. Ctrl + shift +left arrow

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 Moves the cursor to the right as it moves by highlighting the text
4. Ctrl + right arrow.
It moves the cursor to the end of the word.
5. Ctrl + shift right arrow
Moves the cursor to the right as it moves by highlighting the text
Home
Goes to the beginning of the next time
6. End
Goes to the end or the current line
7. Ctrl + home
Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document
8. Ctrl + end
Move the cursor to the end of the document
9. Ctrl +delete
Deletes text to the end of the current word
[Link] + backspace
Delete text to the beginning of the current word-

KEY BOARD SHORTCUT AND FUNCTION IN MICROSOFT WORD A-Z

SHORT CUT FUNCTION ACTION

KEY
Ctrl + A Select all Select all text or item in a document
Ctrl + B Bold Makes selected text bold
Ctrl + C Copy COPIES selected text or item
Ctrl + D Duplicate Creates a duplicate of the selected item
Ctrl + E Edition Opens the edition options
Ctrl + F Find Search for specific word or phrase
Ctrl + H Replace Replace one set of characters with
another
Ctrl + I Italicize Makes selected text italic
Ctrl + J Justify Aligns text to both the left and right
Ctrl + K Insert Adds a hyperlink to selects text
hyperlink
Ctrl + L Align left It aligns text to the left
Ctrl + M Minimize It minimize the active windows
Ctrl + N New Creates a new document
Ctrl + O Open Open an existing or document or file
Ctrl + P Print Prints the active documents
Ctrl + Q Quit Close the active application
Ctrl + S Save Saves the active documents or file
Ctrl + T Removes the copies selected text or
items
Ctrl + U Underline Underline selected text
Ctrl + V Past Pasts copied or cut text
Ctrl + W Close Closes the active windows or application

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 Ctrl + X Cuts Removes and copies selected text or item
Ctrl + Y Redo Redo the last undone action
Ctrl + Z Undo Undoes the last action

KEY BOARD SHORTCUTS IN WINDOWS

Shortcuts Function
Ctrl + A It highlights
Ctrl + C Copies selected items
F5 It refresh
Ctrl +alt +delete It locks, sign out , it changes password, it end
the task manager
Ctrl + alt + 1, 2, 3, 4 It increases / reduces the desktop icons size in
etc. windows 8
Ctrl + shift +f10 It right clicks
Ctrl + N It open up or duplicates an open folder
Ctrl + shift + N it makes an folder
Alt + 2 It open up folder in an open folder
Ctrl + alt + minus + It increases or decreases the desktop icon
addition keys
Ctrl +shift + 1,2,3,4 etc. It increases or decreases the desktop icon or it
takes you to view size as it increases or
decreases the font size in an open folder of an
information
Windows E / windows 2 It opens computer
Windows R It runs or system checking
Window X It runs or system checking / it open power menu
Windows P It projects to another screen
Windows U Ease of access center where we find internal key
board
Windows I Setting, control penal, personalization, pc
information.
Windows K It projects
Windows L It locks the screen
Windows M It minimize
Windows D It minimizes and it brings back the open folder
Window + arrow keys It moves the open folder to different direction
Alt + f4 It close the open folders and it shut down the pc
Windows + X + U when It take you ease access center we find key board
combined
Windows + X + U that’s It restarts, sign out, shuts down the computer.
to say you press
windows button with X
latter you press U
Windows + X + U that’s It shuts down the computer automatically
to say you press
windows button with X
latter you press U
twice/double press

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 Windows + X + K It takes you to disk management
Windows + 4 Minimize and brings back Microsoft word only or
everthing when activated.
Windows + 1 It brings the internet browser
Alt + 1 Takes you to general, detail, property in an open
folder only

FUNCTION KEYS
Some function keys help us in changing the operating system
Keys used when changing windows / when computer is off

Short cuts Function

F1 It checks the System information
F2 it checks system diagnostics
F9 Boots device options
F10 Bios setup
F12 Network boot

Key Board Punctuation

Punctuation Name
. Period \ full stop
? Question mark
; Semi colon
: Colon
_ dash
- Hyphen
“ Quotation
‘ Apostrophe
! Exclamation mark
--- Ellipsis
[] Square brackets
{} Curly brackets
() brackets

SOFT WARE
Software it refers to a set of computer instruction that tells the hard ware what
to do and how to it e.g. widows, application software, system software,
operating system.
Software can be divided in to two namely;
a) System Software.
Is software that is being designed in manufactures to operate and
control the computer hard ware and computer user I.e. operating
system such us widows 10, mac o s and android o s.
b) Application soft ware

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 Application software also known us software that is designed to help the
user to perform specific task like creating and edit document, graphics
design etc. i.e. Microsoft office package, Graphic design software,
Browsers etc.

COMPUTER PORTS

What is a port?

A port is a physical docking point through which an external device can be

connected to the computer.

CHARACTERISTIC OF PORTS

A port has the following characteristic;-

 External device are connected to the computer using cables and ports.
 Ports are slots on the mother board in to which cable of the external device is
plugged in.

1. Power Connector Port

 Three pronged plugged

 Connects to the computer’s power cube that plugs in to a power bar or wall
socket i.e. Desktop adaptor port and laptop adaptor port

2. Ethernet port

 Connect to a network and high speed internet.

 Connects the network cable to a computer.

3. Serial Port

 It’s used for external modem and older computer mouse usually pin modal
 Data travels at 115 kilobit per second.

3. Parallel Port

 It used for scanner and printer. It also called printer port

4. Ps\ 2 Ports

 Used for older computer keyboard and mouse. It’s also called mouse port.

5. Universal Serial Bus Port or USB PORT

 It can connect all kind of external USB device such as external hard disk,
printer, scanner, mouse, keyboard etc.
 It was introduced in 1997.
 Most of computer provides two USB ports as minimum.

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  Data travels at 12 megabits per seconds

Maintenance of Computer on Good Working Condition

Computer Maintenance.

This is a good practice of keeping computers in good state or repair

Computer Repair.

This is the processes of identifying; treble shooting and resolving problems and use
in a faulty

Measures Carried Keeping Computer In Good Condition.

Regular servicing should be done for software and hardware to ensure proper
working condition of the computer.
Clean the hard ware component using the dust blower
Dust blower; - this used to remove dust from the system unity and other hard
ware components that have dust
Always use regularly update ant virus on your computer.
Remove program you no long use.

MICROSOFT WORD
Microsoft word layout
Layout in Microsoft word. Home tab insert tab etc.

When we click on tabs we have changes and these layout under the Tab when you
have clicked is called RIBBON

Ribbon is divided in groups. Tables groups , illustration, media groups.

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