HUM112 – Islamic Studies
Lecture 19: Life History of Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH)
1. Torture and Persecution
• Acceptance of Islam by Hazrat Umar (RA) encouraged Muslims to pray openly.
• Quraish offered bribes to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), but he refused.
• Tortures included:
o Hazrat Bilal (RA): laid on hot sand with a stone on his chest, hands tied.
o Hazrat Uthman (RA): tied and beaten.
o Hazrat Ammar (RA), Hazrat Yaasir (RA), Sumayyah (RA): persecuted;
Sumayyah (RA) killed by Abu Jahl.
o Hazrat Khabbab (RA): pushed into fire.
• Muslims remained patient, showing steadfast faith.
2. Migration to Abyssinia
• In the 5th year of Islam, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) allowed some Muslims to
migrate to Abyssinia under King Negus (Najjashi).
• The 6th year: Hazrat Hamza (RA) and Hazrat Umar (RA) accepted Islam,
strengthening Muslims.
• Muslims began praying openly at Ka’bah.
3. Boycott of Banu Hashim
• Quraish tribes decided to boycott Banu Hashim.
• Muslims forced to stay in Shu’ab Abu Talib, suffering lack of food and water.
• Boycott lasted 3 years (7th–10th year of Prophethood).
• Document of boycott destroyed by white ants, except the name of Allah.
• Boycott ended due to disagreements among Quraish.
4. Loss of Two Close Supporters & Journey to Ta’if
• Death of Abu Talib (RA) and Hazrat Khadija (RA) left Prophet (PBUH) without family
support.
• Journeyed to Ta’if with Hazrat Zaid (RA) to spread Islam.
• People rejected him, stoned him and his companion.
• Prophet (PBUH) prayed for them, showing mercy despite injuries.
5. Me’raj (Ascension)
• Journey from Makkah to Baitul Muqaddas (Jerusalem) on Buraq.
• Went through seven heavens, met earlier prophets.
• Received five daily prayers (Salat) as a gift from Allah.
6. Covenant of Aqabah
First Covenant (621 C.E.)
• During Hajj, 6 people from Madinah accepted Islam.
• Pledged to worship Allah alone, obey Prophet (PBUH), and follow Islamic rules.
Second Covenant (622 C.E.)
• 73 men and 2 women pledged at Al Aqabah.
• Agreed to defend Prophet (PBUH) and Islam at all costs.
• Prophet (PBUH) promised Paradise for loyalty.
7. Hijrat to Madinah (Migration)
• Quraish plotted to assassinate Prophet (PBUH).
• Warned by Angel Jibreel (A.S.), Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) left quietly with Hazrat
Abu Bakr (RA).
• Stayed in Cave of Thoor for 3 days, avoiding pursuers.
• Reached Quba after 8 days (12 Rabi-ul-Awwal, 622 C.E.).
• Built Masjid-e-Quba, first mosque in Islam.
• Settled in Banu Najjar, welcomed by locals (Ansars).
• Ansars shared homes and property with Muhajireen; known as Muwakhat (Islamic
Brotherhood).
8. Masjid-e-Nabawi
• Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and companions built the mosque.
• Simple structure: mud bricks, palm trunks, and leaves.
• A platform for Ashaabe Suffah (homeless companions).
• Prophet’s residence was adjacent to the mosque.
9. Treaty with Jews (Constitution of Madinah)
• Peace agreement between Muslims and three Jewish tribes: Banu Quinuqah, Banu
Nadhir, Banu Quraizah.
• Freedom to practice religion, protection of property and life.
• Prophet (PBUH) as arbitrator in disputes.
10. Munafiqeen (Hypocrites)
• Abdullah bin Ubay bin Sulool: pretended to accept Islam, secretly opposed
Prophet (PBUH).
• Allied with Jews against Muslims, creating internal threats.
11. Wars with Kuffar of Makkah
Battle of Badr (Ramadan, 2 A.H.)
• Kuffar of Makkah, led by Abu Jahl, planned to attack Muslims.
• Muslims consulted at Masjid-e-Nabawi.
• Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) led 313 men with limited resources: 3 horses, 70
camels, few swords.
• Prayed to Allah for help.
• Outcome:
o Muslims victorious.
o 70 Kuffar killed, 70 captured.
o 14 Muslims martyred.
• Significance: victory of truth over falsehood, strengthened Muslims.
