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Stack Operations in Assembly Language

The document outlines the use of stack operations in Assembly language, focusing on the PUSH and POP instructions for managing temporary data in memory. It explains the stack's Last In First Out (LIFO) nature, the importance of balancing PUSH and POP operations, and the role of the Stack Segment (SS) and Stack Pointer (SP) in accessing stack data. Additionally, it provides examples and activities to practice stack operations, including initializing an array and creating a procedure for summing numbers using the stack.

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31 views3 pages

Stack Operations in Assembly Language

The document outlines the use of stack operations in Assembly language, focusing on the PUSH and POP instructions for managing temporary data in memory. It explains the stack's Last In First Out (LIFO) nature, the importance of balancing PUSH and POP operations, and the role of the Stack Segment (SS) and Stack Pointer (SP) in accessing stack data. Additionally, it provides examples and activities to practice stack operations, including initializing an array and creating a procedure for summing numbers using the stack.

Uploaded by

it.saif1312
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LAB 9: Stack Operations

Objectives: To Learn about runtime stack in Assembly.


Stack is an area of memory for keeping temporary data.
PUSH and POP instruction are especially useful because we
don't have too much registers to operate with, so here is a
trick:
 Store original value of the register in stack (using
PUSH).
 Use the register for any purpose.
 Restore the original value of the register from stack
(using
 POP).
To use stack, stack segment must be defined in
program.
.stack size
If size is 100d, it reserves 100 bytes for stack.
If size is 100h, it reserves 256 bytes for stack.
Example: .stack 100h

Stack is used by CALL instruction to keep return address for


procedure, RET instruction gets this value from the stack
and returns to that offset. Quite the same thing happens
when INT instruction calls an interrupt, it stores in stack flag
register, code segment and offset. IRET instruction is used
to return from interrupt call.
We can also use the stack to keep any other data.

The stack uses LIFO (Last In First Out) algorithm, this


means that if we push these values one by one into the
stack:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
the first value that we will get on pop will be 5, then 4, 3, 2,
and only then 1.
It is very important to do equal number of PUSHs and
POPs,
otherwise the stack maybe corrupted and it will be
impossible to return to operating system.

Stack Segment (SS):


 Specifies the segment address of Stack.
 Added to address during stack access.

Stack Pointer (SP):


 Stack Pointer Register (SP) points the top of Stack.
 Suppose the Stack size is set to 256bytes.
o Stack Pointer will be Initialized with Value 256.
o Depending on Architecture, PUSH and POP Operations will
change Value of Stack Pointer.

Get 16-bit value from the


stack.

Algorithm: Adds 2 to SP
register.
Pop REG l operand = SS:[SP] (top of

SREG the stack)


memory l SP = SP + 2

Example:
MOV AX, 1234h
PUSH AX
POP DX ; DX = 1234h
RET
Store 16-bit value in the
stack.

Algorithm: Subtracts 2
from SP register.
REG l SP = SP - 2

SREG l SS:[SP] (top of the stack) =


Push memory operand
immediate Example:
MOV AX, 1234h
PUSH AX
POP DX ; DX = 1234h
RET
Example: Push and Pop values from stack word sized and
byte sized.
MOV AX, 1234h
PUSH AX ; store value of AX in stack.
MOV AX, 5678h ; modify the AX value.
POP AX ; restore the original value of AX.
Example: Another use of stack is for exchanging the values.
MOV AX, 1212h ; store 1212h in AX.
MOV BX, 3434h ; store 3434h in BX
PUSH AX ; store value of AX in stack.
PUSH BX ; store value of BX in stack.
POP AX ; set AX to original value of BX.
POP BX ; set BX to original value of AX.
Activity:
 Initialize an Array of 5 Indexes.
o Declare main procedure
o Initializer list having 0,2,4,8,10 on respective indexes
o Push values of Array in a Stack
o Pop & Print each value on Console.
o Beware to deal with n-digit number while printing.
 Write a Procedure which takes 5 numbers as argument. Calculate sum of
numbers and return the sum. Prints the sum in main procedure. You
have to use Stack for Passing and Retrieving Arguments.

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