NABARD IT Grade A Syllabus

S. No. Topics
1 Introduction to software
2 Computer Fundamentals.
3 Data Structure, File Structure and programming through C, C++, JAVA and
Python
4 Elements of Systems analysis and designs
5 Numerical and Statitical Computing
6 Data Communication and Networks.
7 Computer Architecture and Network architecture
8 Object Oriented Systems
9 Database Management system using RDBMS
10 Software Engineering
11 Operating Systems
12 Management Information Systems
13 Internet of Things (IoT), Mobile Computing
14 Design and Analysis of algorithms
15 Basics of AI , ML and natural language processing
16 Cyber Security
17 Big data Analytics
16 Data Modelling and Analytics
18 Concept of data visualisations using reporting tools
19 Data warehousing with analytical capabilities
20 API usage for cross user interaction and data exchange
 Syllabus for Paper 2 of Phase I in Information Technology Stream

Phase I
Sr. No. Topic Details Weightage*
1. Database ER‐model. Relational model: relational algebra, tuple 10
Concepts calculus, Integrity constraints, normal forms. File
organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees),
Transactions and concurrency control.
2. SQL Queries Select, view, truncate, delete, update, alter, Inner join, 10
different types of outer joins,, use of aggregate
functions, Union, intersection, except, in and exist
clauses, nested queries
3. Programming Program control (iteration, recursion, Functions), 30
Concepts (Java Scope of variables, Binding of variables & functions,
/C C++ ) Parameter passing, Functional and Logic
Programming, OOPS Concepts, Inheritance, Class and
object, Constructors, Functions, Exception Handling
4. Data Analytics Regex, Slicing, Data reshaping, Dataframes, 10
Languages Dictionaries and Sets, File Management, Classes and
(Python / R) Functions, Data Mining, Lists, Importing and exporting
data, charts and graphs
5. Algorithms for Tree and graph traversals, Connected components, 10
problem Spanning trees, Shortest paths; hashing, Sorting,
solving Searching; Design techniques (Greedy, Dynamic
Programming, Divide-and-conquer)
6. Networking ISO/OSI stack, LAN Technologies (Ethernet, Token 10
Concepts ring), TCP/UDP, IP, Basic concepts of switches,
gateways, and routers, Application layer protocols
(DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP), Firewalls
7. Information & Cyber Attacks, Software Development Security, 10
Cyber Security Network security, Authentication, CIA - Confidentiality,
Concepts Integrity and Availability, Network Audit, Systems Audit
8. Data Data Extraction, Data Cleaning, Data Transformation, 5
warehousing Data Loading, Metadata, Data Cube, Data Mart, Data
Models,
9. Shell Shell Scripting Basics, Shell Variables, Shell Script 5
Programming Arguments, If Statement, Loop, Return, Basic UNIX
commands
Total 100
* Weightages are indicative only

Syllabus for Paper 2 of Phase II in Information Technology Stream

[Link]. Topic Concepts Weightage*

1 Algorithms Sorting, Searching, Greedy Algorithms, 30
Dynamic Programming, Backtracking, Divide
and Conquer, Pattern Searching
2 Data Structure Array, Linked List, Stack, Queue, Binary Tree, 40
Indexing, Binary Search Tree, Heap, Hashing,
Matrix, JSON Objects
3 String Manipulation Length, Substring, Regex, Search 10
4 Object Oriented Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, 20
Programming Inheritance
Total 100
* Weightages are indicative only
 CDAC Entrance Exam Syllabus

Section - A Section - B Section - C

📄 50 Questions 📄 50 Questions 📄 50 Questions
🕓1 Hour 🕓1 Hour 🕓1 Hour
🖊150 Marks 🖊150 Marks 🖊150 Marks
Exam Courses Exam Courses Exam Courses
English, Quantitative Aptitude, C Programming, Data Structures, Computer Architecture, Digital
Reasoning ,Computer Object Oriented Programming Electronics, Microprocessors
Fundamentals & Concepts of Concepts, Operating Systems &
Programming Networking , Basics of Big Data &
Artificial Intelligence

Section A Details
➡ English (Up to 15 Questions)

● Synonyms
● Reading Comprehension(Passage)
● Prepositions (of, by, on, at, with etc.)
● Spotting Errors
● Choosing Appropriate Filler with appropriate phase or part of sentence
● Active and passive voice
● Antonyms
● Sentence completion
● Articles (A, An, The)
● Idioms and Phrases
● Arrangement of Sentences (Given 4 Sentences in PQRS form and arranged them)
➡ Quantitative Aptitude (Up to 12 Questions)

● Number Systems: HCF & ● Chain Rule

LCM ● Time & Distance
● Decimal Fractions ● Boats & Streams
● Square Root and Cube Root ● Allegation & Mixture
● Average ● Simple & Compound Interest
● Problems on Numbers ● Volume and Surface Area
● Simplification ,Ages ● Calendar, Clocks
● Train Problems ● Permutation & Combinations
● Odd Man Out and Series ● Probability
● Surds & Indices ● Pipe and Cisterns
● Percentages ● Time & Work
● Profit & Loss
● Ratio & Proportion
● Partnership

➡ Reasoning (Up to 12 Questions)

● Verbal Reasoning : Analogy

● Blood Relation
● Direction Sense Test
● Sitting Arrangement (Circular Table , Straight Line)
● Series (Number)
● Antonyms
● Puzzle Test
● Data Sufficiency
● Coding Decoding (A-Z)
● Direction Sense(North East West South)
➡ Computer Fundamentals & Concepts of Programming(Up to 10
Questions)

● Introduction to Computer and its major components (CPU, Memory, IO):

Memory Technologies and its characteristics, IO Module Structure, External

Devices Structure and IO techniques. Number System, Conversions and Data

Representation (Binary, hex, octal etc.)

● Memory (cache memory, main memory, secondary memory ) Register Memory

Primary Memory/Main Memory (RAM) Types of RAM SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM,

DDR SDRAM Secondary Memory (ROM) Types of ROM ROM, PROM, EPROM,

EEPROM, Flash

● Low level language vs High level language

● Evaluation of Programming languages

● Concepts of Programming: Algorithm and Flowcharts, Variable Declaration,

Basic Syntax, Data Type and Structures, Flow Control Structures (Conditionals

and loops), Functional Programming, Object-Oriented Programming, Debugging,

IDEs and Coding Environments

 Section B Details
➡ C Language (Up to 15 Questions)

● History: of c keywords in c , standards , Data types , Type modifier, Qualifiers

● Operators: Priority and Associativity

● Decision Control: If else and switch cases

● Iteration: While, do while , for, jump statements

● Functions: Built-in, User defined, Pass by value , pass by reference , Recursion ,

Storage classes

● pointer: Wild pointer , NULL pointer , Void pointer, scale factor , pointer

arithmetic's Function pointer

● Array: 1D & 2D Array, static and Dynamic implementation , memory allocation ,

Accessing members using array Pointer Notation

● String: library function, String size and length , string access using pointer and

pointer arithmetic , Multiple string and command line argument using 2D Array ,

Array of pointer

● Pre-processor Directive: #include , #define , #progma ,Operators# and ##

Difference Macro and function

● Structure: Memory Allocation , Access of structure member using dot(.) and

arrow(->) operator , array of structure , bit field

● Union: Memory Allocation , Accessing different type of members in shared

memory

● File-Handling: Types of files, Modes of files, sequential & random access file e,

Byte read/write , Buffer size data read/write , Binary data read/write

➡ Data Structure (Up to 8 Questions)

● Algorithm: Divide and conquer algorithms Greedy Algorithm

● Time Complexity: Best Case, Average Case, Worst Case

● Searching: Binary Search, Linear Search

● Sorting: Selection Sort,Insertion Sort,Bubble Sort,Merge Sort,Quick Sort

● Stack: Applications of Stack, Expression Conversion, evaluation and balancing,

Operations of Stack

● Queue: Types of Queue, Applications of Queue, Operations of Queue

● LinkedList: Single Linear/Circular LinkedList operations and time complexity,

Double Linear/Circular LinkedList time complexity

● Tree: Tree Terminologies, Types of Tree Binary Tree and its types, AVL Tree,

Spanning Tree, Traversal: Inorder, PreOrder, PostOrder

● Graph: Basic Terminologies of graph

➡ Object Oriented Programming (Up to 10 Questions)

● Difference between Structure in C & C++

● Constructor and Destructor, Copy constructor ,cin & cout

● Array of objects, new/delete Operator, references

● Exception Handling

● Function & Operator Overloading

● Inheritance & Types, virtual inheritance

● Virtual Functions, Pure Virtual Functions

● Class, Object Inspectors, Mutators, Facilitators,

● Default Argument, Inline Functions.

 ● Dynamic Array of Objects Static Data Members and Member Functions

● Friend Function and Friend class

● operator Types

● Abstract Class, Interface, Template

● RTTI, Casting Operators Basics

➡ Operating System & Networking(Up to 10 Questions)

● Introduction: What is OS, Booting the system

● Computer Hardware: Introduction to Computer Hardware and its major

components (CPU, Memory, IO): Memory Technologies and its characteristics, IO

Module Structure, External Devices structure and IO techniques.

● System Architecture Design of OS: System calls, Dual Mode Operation: System

mode and Kernel mode

● Process Management: A What is Process, States of the Process, PCB, CPU

Scheduling, CPU Scheduling Algorithms, Inter process Communications, Process

Synchronization/Coordination, Deadlock and Deadlock Handling Methods.

● Memory Management: What is memory management, Swapping, Contiguous

Memory Allocation, Paging, Segmentation, Virtual Memory Management, Demand

Paging, Thrashing.

● File & Storage Management: What is File, What is File System, File System

Structure, File System Architecture, Disk Space Allocation Methods, Disk

Scheduling algorithms
● Network: Centralized Computing, Decentralized Computing Server-client, Cloud

computing

● OSI Layer

● IP Addressing

● Common TCP/IP stack Protocols: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol),IP

(Internet Protocol),ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), TCP (Transmission

Control Protocol),UDP (User Datagram Protocol),FTP (File Transfer Protocol),

Telnet (Telecommunications Network),DNS (Domain Name System), HTTP

(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

 ➡ Basics of Big Data & Artificial Intelligence (Up to 10 Questions)

◾ Big Data Concept ◾ AI - Introduction ( Definition of AI , What is

◾ Characteristics of Big Data(Volume,
agent, What is environment and Need of AI ,

AI Elements)
Velocity, Variety, Veracity, Value)

◾ History of Big Data ◾ Types of AI - Purely Reactive ,Limited

Memory, Theory of Mind, Self aware

◾ Big Data Processing(Batch & Streaming ◾ Main Domains of AI technology -Data

processing)
Science, Computer Vision and Natural

◾ Types of data(Structured, Semi-structured, Language Processing(NLP)

Unstructured)
◾ AI -History
◾ Databases(RDBMS - ACID, SQL (basic ◾ Ways to implement AI : Introduction to
concept only))
Machine Learning and its categories

◾ NoSQL - BASE, CAP theorem (supervised and unsupervised) algorithm,

◾ ETL vs ELT Introduction to Deep Learning (input layer,

hidden layer and output layer)

◾ Data warehouse - OLAP vs OLTP ◾ AI Uses and its various Applications
◾ Data cleansing & modeling ◾ Advantages and Disadvantages of AIe
◾ Data Engineering Life Cycle - Overview ◾ Introduction to Neural Networks : What is
◾ Big Data Frameworks Hadoop, Hive, neural network? What is Fuzzy Logic? and
Spark (short intro only) what is the meaning of Genetic Algorithms?

◾ Big Data Programming ◾ Current Trends and Future Directions in AI

Languages(Python, Java, Scala )

◾ Big data jobs/career opportunities

 Section C Details
➡ Digital Electronics (Up to 15 Questions)

● Introduction : Signal, Analog Signal, Digital Signal Number System Decimal

number, Binary number, Octal Number, Hexadecimal number Converting from

Another Base to Decimal Converting from Decimal to Another Base Converting

from a base Other than 10 to Another Base Other than 10 Octal to binary, Binary

to Octal Hexadecimal to binary, Binary to hexadecimal, BCD Laws, Boolean

Algebra, K-Map, Logic Gates, Universal gates Binary Addition, Binary Subtraction

1’c complement, 2’c complement, 9’c complement, 10’c complement,

Multiplication, Division Gray code, Excess-3 code

● Combinational Circuit: Half Adder, Full Adder, Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor

Multiplex, Demultiplexer Decoder, Encoder Sequential Circuit: RS Flip-flop, D

Flip-flop, JK Flip-flop, T Flip-flop Counter, Shift Register Logic Family in short:

Circuit of each logic family Advantages, Disadvantages, Resolution Problems

➡ Computer Architecture (Up to 20 Questions)

● Machine Instructions, Memory-Reference Instructions, Register-Reference

Instructions, I/O Instructions, Addressing Modes, ALU Data Path, CPU Control

Unit Design, Memory Interfacing, Pipelining, Memory (cache memory, main

memory, secondary memory), Register Memory, Primary Memory/Main Memory

(RAM), Types of RAM, SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, DDR, SDRAM, Secondary

Memory (ROM) Types of ROM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash

➡ Microprocessor (Up to 15 Questions)

● Introduction : Basic concept, What is Microprocessor, Basic Microcomputer

● Classification of Microprocessor : RISC Architecture, CISC Architecture

Harvard Architecture, Von Neumann Architecture

Microprocessor 8085: 8085 Architecture Bus Structure in 8085, Registers

● 8085 Pin Descriptions: Interrupt- Classification of Interrupts, Interrupts Handling

Procedure, 8085 Instruction- Instruction Set Classification, Instruction Format

Addressing Modes in instructions

● Instruction Execution and Timing Diagram: Opcode fetch, Memory Read,

Memory Write, I/O read, I/O Write Counter and Delay

● Architecture of 8086: 8085 Pin Descriptions: 8085 PIN DESCRIPTIONS,

addressing modes, Instruction Set Classification Brief Introduction to

Microprocessor interfacing, 8255 -> Programmable Peripheral Interface,

8254/8253 -> Programmable Interval Timer, 8259 -> Programmable Interrupt

controller, 8279 -> Programmable Keyboard/Display Interface, 8257 -> DMA

(Direct Memory Access) Controller, 8251 -> Programmable Communication

Interface(USART)
DETAILED SUBTOPIC LIST FOR NABARD GRADE-A IT • Exception handling
STREAM • File handling
• Collections / STL / Java Collections / Python
1. Introduction to Software
lists-dicts-sets
• Definition & characteristics of software
• Memory management (garbage collection
• System software vs Application software
concept)
• Utility software
• Firmware, embedded software
4 . Elements of Systems Analysis & Design
• Programming languages (generation, types)
• SDLC phases
• Assemblers, compilers, interpreters
• Requirement analysis – functional & non-
• Software licenses (OSS, proprietary, GNU,
functional
freeware, shareware)
• Feasibility study
• Software reliability, portability, testability
• DFDs & flowcharts
• Software documentation
• Decision tables & trees
• Software versions & patching
• System design (input, output, UI/UX basics)
• Database design basics
2. Computer Fundamentals
• Documentation types
• Number systems & conversions
• System implementation, testing &
• Logic gates & Boolean algebra
maintenance
• CPU architecture – ALU, CU, registers
• CASE tools
• Memory hierarchy – cache, RAM, ROM,
secondary storage
5. Numerical & Statistical Computing
• I/O devices, I/O ports, buses
• Error types (rounding, truncation)
• Types of computers (micro, mini, mainframe,
• Interpolation (Newton, Lagrange)
supercomputers)
• Numerical differentiation & integration
• Data representation (ASCII, Unicode)
(Trapezoidal, Simpson)
• Operating system basics
• Matrices & linear equations
• Virtualization & cloud fundamentals
• Probability basics
• Basic hardware troubleshooting concepts
• Mean, median, mode, variance, SD
• Correlation & regression basics
3 Data Structure, File Structure & Programming (C,
• Random variables & distributions (binomial,
C++, Java, Python)
normal)
Data Structures
• Arrays, matrices
6. Data Communication & Networks
• Linked lists (single, double, circular)
• OSI & TCP/IP models
• Stacks & queues
• Transmission media (wired/wireless)
• Hashing & collision handling
• Switching techniques: circuit, packet, message
• Trees (binary, BST, AVL concept)
• Multiplexing: TDM, FDM, CDM
• Heaps & priority queues
• Error detection/correction: CRC, checksum
• Graphs (representation, BFS, DFS)
• Wired technologies (Ethernet, Fast Ethernet)
• Searching & sorting algorithms
• Wireless technologies (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth)
File Structures
• IPv4/IPv6, subnetting, CIDR
• Sequential, indexed, hashed files
• Routing basics: RIP, OSPF, BGP
• File access methods
• Network security basics – encryption, firewall,
• Buffering, blocking, spooling
IDS
• File organization techniques
• Network topologies & protocols
Programming (C, C++, Java, Python)
• Data types & variables
7. Computer Architecture & Network Architecture
• Control structures
Computer Architecture
• Functions, recursion
• Von Neumann architecture
• Pointers & references
• Instruction cycle
• OOP basics (class, object, inheritance,
• RISC vs CISC
polymorphism, encapsulation)
• Pipelining & hazards
 • Cache design & mapping • Deadlocks (conditions, avoidance, detection)
• I/O organization & DMA • Memory management: paging, segmentation
• Memory organization • Virtual memory, page replacement algorithms
• Instruction formats & addressing modes • File systems (FAT, NTFS overview)
Network Architecture • Device management
• OSI layers architecture • Shell basics (commands)
• TCP/IP architecture • Distributed & real-time OS basics
• Layer-wise responsibilities
• End-to-end communication 12. Management Information Systems (MIS)
• Switching fabric architecture • Types of information systems (TPS, MIS, DSS,
• LAN/WAN/MAN architecture models ESS)
• System planning & development
8. Object-Oriented Systems • Decision support systems
• OOP concepts: abstraction, encapsulation, • ERP systems
inheritance, polymorphism • Business process reengineering
• Message passing • IT governance (COBIT basics)
• Class modelling • E-governance basics
• UML diagrams: class, object, sequence, • Information security basics
activity
• Use-case modelling 13. Internet of Things (IoT) & Mobile Computing
• OOAD (Object-Oriented Analysis & Design) IoT
• Design patterns basics: Singleton, Factory, • IoT architecture layers
MVC • Sensors, actuators
• IoT communication protocols (MQTT, CoAP)
9. Database Management Systems (RDBMS) • Edge & fog computing
• DBMS concepts, advantages • IoT applications in agriculture & banking (very
• Relational model important for NABARD)
• Keys & constraints Mobile Computing
• Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams • Mobile communication basics
• SQL (DDL, DML, DCL, TCL) • GSM, GPRS, LTE
• Joins, subqueries, views • Mobile OS (Android, iOS – concept only)
• Normalization (1NF–BCNF) • Mobile application architecture
• Transactions & ACID
• Concurrency control (locking, timestamping) 14. Design & Analysis of Algorithms
• Logging & recovery • Time & space complexity
• Indexing (B-tree, hash indexes) • Big-O, Big-Ω, Big-θ
• Divide and Conquer
10. Software Engineering • Greedy algorithms
• SDLC models: Waterfall, Spiral, RAD, Agile • Dynamic programming
• Requirements engineering • Graph algorithms (Dijkstra, Kruskal, Prim)
• Software design principles (coupling, • NP, NP-complete, NP-hard basics
cohesion)
• Modularity 15. Basics of AI, ML & NLP
• Testing: unit, integration, system, acceptance Artificial Intelligence
• Verification vs Validation • Intelligent agents
• Software configuration management (SCM) • Search algorithms: BFS, DFS, A*
• Project management (PERT, CPM) Machine Learning
• Software quality models (ISO, CMMI) • Supervised vs Unsupervised
• Regression, classification basics
11. Operating Systems • Decision trees, KNN, clustering basics
• Process concept & PCB • Overfitting, underfitting
• Scheduling algorithms: FCFS, SJF, RR, Priority NLP
• Tokenization
 • Stemming, lemmatization 21. API Usage for Cross-User Interaction & Data
• Stop words Exchange
• Applications (chatbots, sentiment analysis) • What is an API?
• REST vs SOAP
16. Cyber Security • JSON, XML
• CIA triad • HTTP methods (GET/POST/PUT/DELETE)
• Types of cyber attacks (phishing, malware, • API authentication (API keys, OAuth)
DoS) • Webhooks vs APIs
• Encryption basics (symmetric, asymmetric) • Use cases in banking, fintech, agriculture
• Hash functions
• Digital certificates & PKI
• Firewalls, IDS, IPS
• Network security protocols (HTTPS, SSL/TLS)
• Cyber laws (IT Act basics)

17. Big Data Analytics

• 3Vs/5Vs of big data
• Hadoop ecosystem (HDFS, MapReduce, Hive,
Pig)
• Distributed processing
• NoSQL basics
• Spark basics
• Data cleaning & preprocessing
• Data pipeline concepts

18. Data Modelling & Analytics

• Conceptual, logical, physical data models
• Star schema & snowflake schema
• Dimensional modelling
• OLTP vs OLAP
• Fact & dimension tables
• Data marts
• Analytical queries

19. Data Visualisation (Reporting Tools)

• Principles of data visualization
• Dashboards
• Charts, graphs, heatmaps
• Reporting tools (Power BI, Tableau – theory
only)
• Storytelling with data
• KPI & metrics interpretation

20. Data Warehousing with Analytical Capabilities

• ETL (Extract-Transform-Load)
• Data warehousing architecture
• Data staging, data integration
• OLAP cubes
• Query processing
• Storage optimization
• Enterprise data warehouse concepts