Total number of printed pages-8

3(Sem-5 /CBCS)MAT HC 2

2021

(Held in 2022)
MATHBMATICS
(Honours)

Paper : MAT-HC-5026

(Linear Algebra)
Full Marks :80

Time : Three hours

The figures in the margin indicate

full marks for the questions.

1. Answer the following as directed : 1x10=10

(i) Is Js a subspace of E^(M) ?
(ii) Let A be a 5x4 matrix. If null space of
A is a subspace of then what is fc?
(Hi) Let S be a subset of a vector space
V(F) and S contains zero vector of V.
Then S is

(A) linearly independent

(B) linearly dependent

Confd.
 (C) Both linearly independent and
linearly dependent (ix) Let A be the 4x4 real matrix,

1 2 0 0
(D) None of the above
-1 1 0 0
(Choose the correct option) A=
2 -12 -2 0
(iv) Write the standard basis of the vector 1
1 1 -2
space of polynomial in x with real co
efficient of degree < 3. Then the characteristic polynomial
for A is

(A)
(v) "The eigenvalues of a triangular
matrix are the entries on its main
(B) (x-l)Hx +lf
diagonal." (State True or False) (C) x^(x+lf
a (D) None of the above
(vi) Define inner product on M." (Choose the correct option)
(x) What do you mean by the length of
(vii) Which vector is orthogonal to eveiy a vector in E" ?

vector in E"? 2. Answer the following questions ; 2x5=10

(i) Let V be the vector space of all
(mii) How do you explain dim W =l functions from the real field E to E.

geometrically where W is a subspace

Show that W={/;/(7)= 2+/(l)} is
not a subspace of V.
of the vector space ?
(ii) Show that every subset of an
independent set is independent.
3(Sem-5/CBCS)MATHC2/G 2
3(Seni-5/CBCS)MATHC2/G 3 Contd.
 (C) Both linearly independent and
linearly dependent (ix) Let A be the 4 4 real matrix,

1 2 0 0
(D) None of the above
-1 1 0 0
(Choose the correct option) A=
2 -•2 -2 0
(iv) Write the standard basis of the vector
1 1 -2 1
space of polynomial in x with real co
efficient of degree < 3. Then the characteristic pol5momial
for A is

(A) x^(x-lY
(v) "The eigenvalues of a triangular
matrix are the entries on its main
(B) {x-iy{x +lY
diagonal." (State True or False) (C) xHx+lf
(D) None of the above
(vi) Define inner product on (Choose the correct option)
(x) What do you mean by the length of
(vii) Which vector is orthogonal to every a vector in M" ?
,n
vector in Answer the following questions ; 2^5=10
(i) Let V be the vector space of all
(viii) How do you explain dim W-1 functions from the real field M to M.

geometrically where W is a subspace

Show that W={f:f(7)= 2+f{l)} is
not a subspace of V.
of the vector space E'^(E) ?
(ii) Show that every subset of an
independent set is independent.
3(Sem-5/CBCS)MATHC2/G 2
3(Sem-5/CBCS)MATHC2/G 3 Contd.
 "1 6" 3" (Hi) Let A and B be two similar matrices
Let A = and V = . Is t; a of order nxn.. Prove that A and B
-2
have same characteristic polynomial
eigenvector of A ?
and hence the same eigenvalues.
1

Ol
(iv) Let T be the linear operator on M
2 1 0^
defined by T(a,b,c)
to
l_
=(a + b, b +c, O). (iv) Let A = 0 1 -1 . An eigenvalue of
Show that the
0 2 4
xi/-plane = {(a:,i/,0): is
A is 2. Find a basis for the
T-invariant subspace of
corresponding eigenspace.

"7" '4'
(v) Let y _6 and ^ - 2_ . Find the
7 2"
(v) Let - -4 1
Find a formula
orthogonal projection of y onto u.
forA^, gi
3. Answer any four questions : 5x4=20
1 r "5 0"
P= and ^-
(i) Prove that the non-zero vectors -1 -2 0 3

are linearly dependent if

and only if one of them is a linear
combination of the preceding vectors. (vi) Define orthogonal set. If
S = {lii,"2 Up\ is an orthogonal set
(ii) Let be non-zero of non-zero vectors in E", then prove
eigenvectors of an operator T:V-^V that S is linearly independent and
corresponding to distinct eigenvalues hence is a basis for the subspace
Prove that Vi,V2,....,v^aTe spanned by S.
linearly independent.

3(Sem-5/CBCS)MATHC2/G 4 3(Sem-5/CBCS)MATHC2/G 5 Contd.

 "1 6' 3" (Hi) Let A and B be two similar matrices
Let A = and V = . Is f a of order nxn. Prove that A and B
5 2 _-'2_
have same characteristic polynomial
eigenvector of A ?
and hence the same eigenvalues.

(iv) Let T be the linear operator on M

f2 1 0^1
defined by 7'(a,b,c)=(a + bj b +c, O). . An eigenvalue of
(iv) Let A = 0 1 -1
Show that the
0 2 4
xi/-plane = {(A:,t/,0);;CjyeE} is
A is 2. Find a basis for the
r-invariant subspace of
corresponding eigenspace.

"7" "4"
(v) Let y- 6 and w -
2
. Find the
r 7 2l
(v) Let ^- -4 1
. Find a formula
orthogonal projection of y onto u.
forA^, given that A == PDP~^ where
3. Answer any four questions : 5x4=20
1 1" "5 0"
P= and ^-
(i) Prove that the non-zero vectors -1 -2 0 3

are linearly dependent if

and only if one of them is a linear
combination of the preceding vectors. (vi) Define orthogonal set. If
S = {uiyU2f...,Up\ is an orthogonal set
(ii) Let v-^yV2, be non-zero of non-zero vectors in R", then prove
eigenvectors of an operator T:V that S is linearly independent and
corresponding to distinct eigenvalues hence is a basis for the subspace
X^yX2y...yX^. Prove that v^,V2,^...,v^big. spanned by S.
linearly independent,

Contd.
3(Sem-5/CBCS)MATHC2/G 4 3(Sein-5 /CBCS)MAT HC 2/G 5
 (in) Let T be the linear operator on
4. (i) If a vector space V has a basis defined by
B =s {vi,V2, y„}, then prove that any T{x,y,z) = {2y+z, x-4y. 3x)
set in V containing more than n
vectors must be linearly dependent. (a) Find the matrix of T in the basis
Also show that every basis of V must {ej= (1,1,1), e2=(U.O), 63= (1,0,0)}
consist of exactly n vectors. 5+5=10
OR (b) Verify that [T],[v]^=[r(i;)]^ for
Let U and V be vector spaces over the any vector veM.^- 4+6=10
same field. Let U2, ,u„j be a OR
basis of U and let v^,V2, be any
An n X n matrix A is diagonalizable if
arbitrary vectors in V. Prove that there and only if A has n linearly
exists a unique linear mapping independent eigen-vectors. 10
f:U such that
(iv) Define orthonormal set and
orthonormal basis in M". Show that
(ii) Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors is an orthonormal basis of
■5 4" where
of A = 10
1 2
"s/ViT" "-i/Ve" "-l/V^"
OR clT'
u^ = l/^ln U2 = 2/^/6 "3 = -4/V66
7
State Cayley-Hamilton theorem for 7

7/466
matrices. Use it to express i/VTT . .

2A® - 3 - 4/ as a linear 1+1+8=10

3 1
polynomial in A, when A=
-1 2
10
3 (Sem-5 /CBCS) MAT HC 2/0 Contd.
3{Sem-5/CBCS)MATHC2/G 6
 (Hi) Let T be the linear operator on
4. (i) If a vector space V has a basis defined by
B = {vi,V2, v^}y then prove that any T{x,y,z)={2y+z, x-4y,3x)
set in V containing more than n
vectors must be linearly dependent. (a) Find the matrix of T in the basis
Also show that every basis of V must {ei=(hl,l),e,=(l,l,0),e3=(lA0)}
consist of exactly n vectors. 5+5=10
OR (b) Verify that [t],[u]^ =[T(v)L for
Let U and V be vector spaces over the any vector v 4+6=10
same field. Let {uj, Uj, ,u„j be a OR
basis of U and let v^,V2, be any
An n X n matrix A is diagonalizable if
arbitrary vectors in V. Prove that there and only if A has n linearly
exists a unique linear mapping independent eigen-vectors. 10
f:U ->V such that
/("i)= Vi, /("j)= V2'--'fM = K 10 (iv) Define orthonormal set and
orthonormal basis in M". Show that
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors is an orthonormal basis of
5 4' where
of A- 10
1 2
"s/vn" '-1/S' "-i/Vee"
OR
u^ = i/VTi «2 = 2/V6 "3 = -4/V66
> 9
State Cayley-Hamilton theorem for
matrices. Use it to express
_i/vrT_ 7/V66
2A® - - A^ -4/ as a linear 1+1+8=10

polynomial in A, when A= 3 1
-1 2
10
3(Sem-5 /CBCS)MAT HC 2/G Contd.
3(Sem-5/CBCS)MATHC2/G 6
 OR

Define inner product space. Show that

the following is an inner product in ;
(u,v)= Xjl/i+3X21/2
where u=(xi,X2), t;= (i/pi/j).
Also show that for all u, v in W?
u +f < u + y 2+5+3=10

3(Sem-5 /CBCS) MATHC 2/G 8 4000