The line graph illustrates information about gradual fluctuations between the

birth and death rates in New Zealand between 1901 and 2101.

Overall, birth rate in New Zealand increases with slight fluctuation and
gradually decreases after 2041 whereas death rate increases gradually with
steep increase between 2001 and 2061.

The lowest birth was around 20,000 in 1901. In opposite to this, the highest
birth recorded was around 65000 in 1961. There was a sharp increase
between 1941 and 1961 with around 35000 new births. Unemployment is the
major factor for increase in birth rates. Furthermore, there was steady
decline in birth after 2041.

The highest death recorded was little less than 60,000 near 2061. In
contrast, the lowest death was 10,000 in 1901. There was a gradual increase
in death from 1901 to 2001, after that, there was upward trend until 2061.
The sharp increase in death is the result of increase in old age people born
during 1941. ----Time Sequential

Initially, First, Following this, In the next step, In the third stage
Then, after that

Verbs (for introduction)

 shows / illustrates(only for maps) / outlines / depicts / presents / gives

information about / compares / delineates

 synonyms: people-resident/citizens/ individuals/ travellers/

tourist

 worker-employee/ those in employment/ those employed

(change in form)

o work--------people who work

o working---------- working people

o between X and Y --------from X to Y

Nouns

 production / usage / spending / percentage / proportion / rate /

figure / level / number / trend / emissions

Overview: strong
When describing data, always use a “measurement noun”:
Common examples:

❌ Incorrect ✅ Correct

the highest death the death rate

the lowest birth the number of births

population the population

increased increased

the number of people

people rose
rose

Employment was low the level of employment was low.

🎯 One Golden Rule (Memorize This)

If you can count it, use “the number of”.

If it’s measured, use “rate / level / proportion”.

 Common noun → verb pairings (Memorize)

Noun chosen first Verbs that work
the number of increased, decreased, rose, fell, soared
the rate of climbed, dropped, remained stable
the percentage of accounted for, rose to, fell to
the proportion of made up, constituted, increased
the figure for stood at, reached, peaked at
the level of rose, declined, remained

 📊 IELTS Task 1 – Visual Type Comparison Table

Best
Visual What it Mainly Typical
Measurement Common Verbs Avoid These
Type Shows Comparisons
Nouns
increased, single-event
Trends & the number of, the over time,
Line decreased, rose, nouns (birth),
change over rate of, the level between years,
Graph fell, fluctuated, explanations
time of, the figure for from…to
peaked (because)
 Best
Visual What it Mainly Typical
Measurement Common Verbs Avoid These
Type Shows Comparisons
Nouns
Comparison was
the number of, the
between higher/lower, compared with, opinions,
Bar amount of, the
categories exceeded, in contrast to, unnecessary
Chart figure for, the
(sometimes over remained stable, whereas trend language
level of
time) rose/fell
the figure for, the stood at,
in terms of, with repeating every
Exact figures & amount of, the recorded,
Table respect to, number,
detailed data percentage of, the showed,
overall storytelling
total remained
accounted for,
the percentage of, larger/smaller “number of”,
Pie Proportions & made up,
the proportion of, share, together, trend verbs
Chart distribution constituted,
the share of combined (unless 2 pies)
represented

The diagram illustrates the process of manufacturing brick for the building
industry starting from digging to delivery.

Overall, there are 6 steps before delivery. It starts from collecting clay to
moulding a shape and drying in the oven to heating in the kiln and
packaging.

Firstly, the large amount of clay is collected with the help of digger. Then,
thin clay is filtered out from large chunks with metal grid which is then mixed
with the water and moulded in cuboid shape. After that, moisture is removed
from moulded bricks by placing them into drying oven for about 24 to 48
hours. This helps to remove water from bricks which is very important for
next step.

For the next phase, dried bricks are placed inside kiln at moderate
temperature of 200 to 980 degrees C then temperature is increased to 870-
1300 degrees C. After that, it is cooled in a cooling chamber for about 48 to
72 hours. Finally, it is packaged properly and delivered to the customer by
truck.

The graph below shows the oil production (in barrels) in several
African countries from 2000 to 2004.
The chart below shows the spending (in millions) by 18-20 year olds
in one country on five different products in 2010 and 2014.

The pie chart below shows how electricity is used in an average English home.

The graph below gives information about changes in the birth and death rates in
New Zealand between 1901 and 2101.

The maps illustrate an industrial area in Norbiton in the present day compared
with plans for future development of the site.

The graph below shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the
European Union. The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European Union funds
being spent on different forms of transport.

The table compares the oil production in four different African countries,
Nigeria, Chad, Congo Brazzaville, and Cote d’Ivoire from 2000 to 2004.

Overall, it can be seen that Nigeria registered the highest oil production in all
the years. Also, while the oil production in Chad and Cote d’Ivoire increased,
it fell in Congo Brazzaville and fluctuated in Nigeria.

The bar graph compares the spending of 18-20-year-olds on food, clothes,

books, smartphones, and toiletries in 2010 and 2014 in a particular country.

Overall, it can be seen that the spending on all the products except books
and clothes rose with time. Furthermore, the maximum spending was done
on food in both years.

The pie chart depicts the average electricity usage in a typical English
household. The highest proportion of energy consumption, amounting to
52.5%, is attributed to heating rooms and water.

Overall, the chart shows the electricity consumption in a typical English

home. Most energy is devoted to heating, followed by kitchen appliances,
while the remaining portion is divided between essential and less frequently
used household items.

The graph shows changes in the birth and death rates in New Zealand since
1901, and forecasts trends until 2101.

Overall, these opposing trends mean that the death rate will probably
overtake the birth rate in around 2041 and the large gap between the two
levels will be reversed in the later part of this century.

The maps illustrate an industrial zone in Norbiton town currently and a

proposed redevelopment scheme for the whole area.

Overall, Norbiton will become more residential, so the factories will be

demolished to make way for new housing. Moreover, two new roads and a
mini roundabout will be built along with new shops, a medical center, and a
school.

The bar chart outlines how many Japanese travelled overseas between 1985
and 1995 while the line graph delineates the percentages of these tourists
who visited Australia in particular between 1985 and 1994.

Overall, the number of Japanese who made overseas travels soared and this
is also true for the Australian visiting travelers from Japan.

The percentage of electricity used for heating is highest.

Gives information about/ depicts/ shows/represents

Corrections: Apart from Percentage as subject,

Pattern 1: Percentage as subject

 The percentage of electricity used for heating was 52%.

 The proportion of energy devoted to appliances stood at 18%.

🔹 Pattern 2: Category as subject

  Heating rooms and water accounted for 52% of usage.

 Kitchen appliances made up 18% of total consumption.

🔹 Pattern 3: Distribution focus (pie chart favourite)

 Electricity consumption was dominated by heating.

 The remaining electricity was divided equally between two

categories.

🔹 Pattern 4: Comparison within pie chart

 Heating consumed the largest share, whereas other uses

represented smaller proportions.

 Essential and less frequently used appliances each accounted for

15%.

3️⃣ Measurement + passive verb (Formal academic style)

Measurement → was/were + past participle

 2.2 million barrels were produced in 2004.

 50,000 births were recorded in the first year.

 A sharp decline was observed after 2001.

 The highest figure was seen in Nigeria.

4️⃣ Ranking / Extremes focus (OVERALL)

Noun → Verb (ranking verbs)

 Nigeria recorded the highest oil production.

 Congo experienced the steepest decline.

 Heating accounted for the largest share (⚠ pie chart only).

 Chad showed the fastest growth after 2003.

6️⃣ Time-anchored structures (Clarity booster)

Noun → Verb + time phrase

 Oil production rose between 2000 and 2004.

 The number of births declined over the period shown.

 Population growth slowed after 2010.

7️⃣ Comparison-driven noun + verb

Noun → Verb + comparison

 Nigeria produced more oil than the other countries.

 Chad’s output exceeded that of Congo by 2004.

 Birth rates were higher in urban areas than in rural regions.

✔ Strong for bar charts & tables

The pie chart gives information about electricity consumed by normal English
home.

Overall, the percentage of electricity used for heating is the highest holding
up 52%, followed by kitchen appliances and remaining equally shared
between every day used electronics and less frequently used devices.

The figure for electricity used for heating purposes like heating rooms and
water accounted for 52%. The unpredictable weather of England attributed
for maximum electricity use for heating, as the temperature rarely exceeds
20 degrees Celsius compared to other European nations where temperatures
reach 25 degrees Celsius during summer.

Similarly, the percentage of electricity used by household’s appliances like

ovens, kettles, washing machines constituted 18%. Remaining percentage is
equally shared between everyday used electronics like lighting, TV, radio and
essential but less frequently used appliances like vacuum cleaners, food
mixers, electric tools accounting for 15% each.

Table: Never use the number of/ the proportion of

use amount of oil produced, oil production,

Comparison with in self and with other

The table illustrates oil production in four African nations namely Nigeria,
Chad, Congo and Cote d’Ivoire from 2000 to 2004.

Overall, from 2000 to 2004, the number of oil production in Nigeria, Chad
and Cote d’ivoire gradually increased with slight fluctuation for Nigeria in
2002 whereas Congo showed steep decline in oil production.

The highest number of oil produced stood at 2,200,000 barrels in Nigeria in

2004. Nigeria’s oil production gradually increased from 2000 and 2004 with
slight fluctuation in 2002. The proportion of oil produced by Nigeria is by far
greater than other countries. Cote d’ Ivore recorded gradual increase in oil
production from 2000 to 2004.

The figure for oil production in Congo gradually decreased by 10,000 to

25,000 barrels each year from 2000 to 2004. The number of oil production
decreased by75,000 barrels from 2000 to 2004. Similarly, Chad recorded its
first oil production in 2003 with 50000 barrels and increased to 290,000
barrels in 2004. Although, Chad did not have production until 2003, it
overtook Congo and Cote d’Ivoire by 2004.

The amount of money spent was higher. Money spent on rose/declined.

Peaked exceed

Books Comparison, extremes, 4500 million dollar was spent on

The bar graph compares the expenditure in millions of dollars by 18-20 year
olds in a country on five various products in 2010 and 2014.

Overall, from each year, the highest amount of money was spent on food
whereas lowest on books. Youths spent same amount of money for clothes
and the spending increased for smartphones and toiletries from 2010 to
2014.

In 2014, the highest amount of money 4500 million dollars was spent on
food. Money spent on smartphones and toiletries increased to 2700 and
2000 million dollars respectively. The lowest amount of money spent was on
books accounting 500 million dollars.

In 2010, the amount of money spent on food was 3600 million dollars. The
figure for spending on clothes remained constant with 2500 million dollars.
Smartphones and toiletries spent around 2000 million dollars. Books saw
decline in spending from 2010 to 2014.

Practice: The line chart gives information about the percentage of

households in owned and rented accommodation from 1918 to 2011.

The line chart gives information about the number of people born and died in
New Zealand from 1901 to 2101.

Overall, the figure for birth was greater than the figure for death; however,
the birth rate fell below death rate from 2041. After this time, the death rate
rose and remained steady, while the birth rate has gradual decline.

The number of births stood highest at 65,000 in 1961. The birth rate in New
Zealand increased sharply from 1938 to 1961 and showed fluctuations until
2005. It is predicted that birth decreased gradually from 2005 to 2101. In
1901, the number of births and deaths was 20,000 and 10,000 respectively.

The number of death rose gradually between 1901 and 2001. Death
increased rapidly from 2001 to 2050 and remained stable. The highest
expected number of deaths is 59000 in 2055. Death rate is expected to
overtake birth rate in 2035.

The table shows the number of people from past and projected future in
different nations for different years.

Overall, the number of people recorded in each country showed gradual

increase throughout the years except for the United States. The figure for
population is highest in the US and lowest in the New Zealand. Canada and
Australia stood at second and third highest population in the table.

These prompts ask you to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of an

issue.

Sample prompt: "Studying overseas has many benefits for students.

However, there are also some disadvantages. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages and give your own opinion."

Sample 1

The bar chart gives information about the percentage of uneducated males
and females by region in 2000.

Overall, the illiterate rate of female is higher than male in all the regions. The
largest difference in the rate of illiteracy between male and female is in
South Asia and Arab states, while least difference is in developed countries.

Illiterate rate for male is highest in South Asia that stood at 32%, whereas
lowest is in developed countries that record 1%. It is recorded that around
30% of males lack formal education in Sub-Saharan Africa, Arab States and
South Asia. South Asia has higher male illiteracy rate as compared to Arab
states.

The highest figure for illiterate females is 55% in South Asia, while lowest is
2% in developed countries. Arab States represents 52% of illiterate females
and Sub-Saharan Africa records 44% of uneducated female. The rate of
illiteracy is higher for East Asia than for Caribbean. The difference in rate of
uneducated male and female is very less in Carribean.

The table gives information about the number of people in millions from
various countries watching different genre of movies like action, romance,
comedy and horror.
Overall, the number of people watching movies is highest in India and lowest
in Japan. Action movies are viewed by maximum people than romance,
comedy or horror in all the countries. Horror movies are seen by least
number of people, while action films are seen by highest number of people.

The number of Indians watching film is 24.5 million constituting 8 million in

action genre and 2.5 million in horror. The number of Irish watching romance
movie is least accounting 3.8 million, whereas highest is action film
accounting 7.6 million.

The number of people watching action movie records 7.2 million in New
Zealand. The number of people watching horror movie is greater than
romance or comedy. Japanese watches least movie totalling just 17.8 million.
The number of people watching horror movie is least recording 15.8 million.

The pie chart gives information about the percentage of various family
categories surviving in poverty in UK in 2002.

Overall, the proportion of poor sole parent is the highest, followed by single
person with no children. Old couple accounted for least percentage in the
poverty chart. The figure for poor couple with children and all households’
category is similar.

The percentage of sole parent who are poor hold up 26%, while proportion
for single person who do not have children accounted for 24%. Young
individuals in UK are poor as compared to older people and couples as they
do not have much responsibility. The percentage of poor family who are
couple and have children represented 15%.

The lowest figure for poor family in UK is old couple that holds up 5%. The
second lowest figure for poor family is old person who is single accounting
7%. Couples who do not have a children represented 9% in families that are
poor in UK.

The table shows information about English people using different types of
transportation from 1985 to 2000.
Overall, the number of people travelling by car was highest in both years.
People travelling on taxi was lowest in 1985, while mode of travel by bicycle
was lowest in 2000. The number of people using various means of
transportation increased over the period shown.

The number of people travelling by car was 3,199 in 1985. Lowest people
travelled by taxi in 1985 which stood at 13. Bicycle, long distance bus and
taxi were least used as means of transportation which accounts for less than
150 people.

The figure for people using car were 4806 in 2000. There was decrease in
use of bicycle by 10 from 1985 to 2000. Other means of transportation used
was increased through the given time. Walking, bicycle and local buses use
was decreased in 2000. The number of people using various mode in 1985
was 4740 and in 2000 was 6475.