Object oriented data model
Introduction
• The hierarchical model was replaced by network
model because it becomes much easier to represent
the complex many-to many relationship.
• In turn the relational model offered several
advantages over the hierarchical and network
models through its simpler data representation.
• Thereafter, Entity-Relationship (E–R) model was
introduced for an easy to use graphical data
representation.
• Because of more indicate real –world problems were
modeled , a need for different data model to closely
represent the real-world objects.
Object Oriented Data Model
In Object Oriented Data Model, data and their
relationships are contained in a single structure which is
referred as object in this data model. In this, real world
problems are represented as objects with different
attributes. All objects have multiple relationships
between them. Basically, it is combination of Object
Oriented programming and Relational Database Model.
To represent the complex real world problems there was
a need for a data model that is closely related to real
world. Object Oriented Data Model represents the real
world problems easily.
Elements of Object oriented data
model
Objects
An object is an abstraction of a real world entity or we can say it is an
instance of class.
Class
A class is a collection of similar objects with shared structure i.e.
attributes and behavior i.e. methods. An object is an instance of class.
Attribute and methods
An attribute describes the properties of object. The behaviour of the
objects is represented using Methods.
Inheritance
A new class can be derived from the original class. The derived class
contains attributes and methods of the original class as well as its own.
Characteristics of OODBs
• Maintain the direct correspondence between real-world and
database objects so that objects do not lose their integrity and
identity.
• It provides a unique system generated Object Identifier (OID)
for each object so that an object can easily be identified and
operated upon. This is in contrast in relational model each
relation has a primary key attribute whose values identify each
tuple uniquely.
• Support Encapsulation, that is, the data representation and the
methods implementations are hidden from external entities.
• Exhibit inheritance, that is, an object inherits the properties of
other objects.
Example
Advantages
It allows the real-world to be more closely.
Codes can be reused due to inheritance.
Easily understandable.
Cost of maintenance can reduced due to
reusability of attributes and functions because
of inheritance.
Disadvantages
It is not properly developed so not accepted by
users easily.
Complex structure
Difference between object oriented
DBMS and Object relational DBMS
OODBMS ORDBMS
It stands for Object Oriented Database It stands for Object Relational Database
Management System. Management System.
Object-oriented databases, like Object Oriented An object-relational database is one that is
Programming, represent data in the form of based on both the relational and object-
objects and classes. oriented database models.
Every object-oriented system has a different set Keys, entity integrity, and referential integrity
of constraints that it can accommodate. are constraints of an object-oriented database.
The efficiency of query processing is low. Processing of queries is quite effective.
Examples include GemStone, db4o, Giga Base,
Examples include Oracle, DB2, PostgreSQL
and Zope object database.
