Vitamins

• Vitamins are Organic compounds that our body doesn’t

make on its own
• Vitamin plays specific roles in
• Maintaining health
• Boosting the immune system
• Supporting growth
• Resistance against disease
• Casimir Funk – coined the term “vitamins” in 1912
• Vitamins are of two types
• Fat soluble - Vitamins ( K A D E )
• Water soluble – Vitamin B – Complex and vitamin C
• Note – vitamin B4, B8, B10 & B11, not yet discovered
• Vitamin B – group of 8 Members
• Fat soluble vitamins - stored in adipose tissue and in Liver
• They don’t need to be consumed as frequently
• Water soluble vitamins – These vitamins dissolve in water
and are not stored in the body
• They need to be consumed regularly
• NOTE -
• Enzymes – They are proteins That helps in metabolism or
chemical reaction
• Hormones – Made up of proteins or steroids
• Regulates growth and development
Fat Soluble vitamins
• Vitamin A - Retinol
• Helps us improving vision of eye and boost immunity
• Also called anti – infectious vitamin & anti cancerous
vitamin
• Deficeincy - Nyctalopia (Night blindness) , xerophthalmia
( dry eye), Keratomalacia (cornea became opaque )
• Sources – dairy products, leafy vegetables and Carrots
• Excessive – Liver Damage, Birth Defects,
Trick – retina in eye
 Vitamin D
• Calciferol
• Sunshine vitamin , works as a hormone
• Function – Helps absorption of calcium, Calcium is
essential for healthy teeth and bones
• It includes two forms - Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
• Deficiency – Rickets ( in children – soft and weak bones )
• Osteomalacia in adults and osteoporosis
• Source – Fish cod, Liver oil , egg yolk, sunlight
• Sunlight ( synthesized by our skin)
Vitamin E
• Tocopherol
• Beauty Vitamin , anti Sterility vitamin
• Present in every cream
• Works like anti oxidant , formation of RBC,
• Deficiency – heart problem, sterility, Less fertility
• Sources - Nuts and Seeds , Vegetable Oils, Green Leafy
Vegetables,
Vitamin K
• Plays a crucial role in blood clotting
• Types of Vitamin K
• Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
• Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone)
• Vitamin K3 ( Menadione )
• Deficiency – Delayed clotting time ( Excessive bleeding )
• Source – Fresh and dark green vegetables and animal
products
Trick to remember Fat soluble Vitamins
• Really – Retinol (Vitamin A)
• Cute – Calciferol (Vitamin D)
• Time – Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
• Period – Phylloquinone (Vitamin K)
Water soluble Vitamins
• Vitamin B1 – Thiamine ( Sulphur present)
• Sources – Potato, vegetables, oat, meats , Milk
• Deficeincy – Beri Beri
• Note – Maize + polished rice Even if consumed in excess
• Wernicke’s encephalopathy (Wernicke- Korsakoff
syndrome) – A brain disorder
• Discovered by Casimir Funk in 1912 and Christiaan
Eijkman
Vitamin B2
• Riboflavin
• Also called yellow vitamin
• Works as a co enzyme
• Deficiency – Ariboflavinosis (sore throat, redness and
swelling of the lining of the mouth and throat)
• Cheilosis ( cracking below the lips)
• Source – Milk, Egg
Vitamin B3
• Niacin / Nicotinic acid
• Deficiency – Pellagra Characterized by the "three Ds":
Dermatitis (skin inflammation), Diarrhea, and Dementia (
memory loss). If untreated, it can lead to death
• Fatigue, headache, depression, and memory loss
• Excess – Liver damage
• Source – Meat, Egg, Grains
Vitamin B5
• Pantothenic acid
• Function-
• Good for skin/ Hair
• Maintaing healthy skin, Hair and eyes
• Deficiency – whitening of Hair /Dermatitis and
Paresthesia
• Source – Honey, avocado, Meat
Vitamin B6
• Pyridoxine
• Function – formation of dreams
• Helps as a co- enzyme
• Deficiency- Anaemia, mental disorder
• Source – Banana, vegetables, Meat
Vitamin B7
• Biotin
• Helps in digestion Of carbohydrates, proteins
and fats
• Deficiency - Hair fall , Skin rash, Paralysis
• Source – peanuts, vegetables, Liver
 Vitamin B9
• Folic Acid
• Helps in formation of RBC
• Deficiency – Megaloblastic anaemia, pregnancy birth
problem
• Source – Green leafy vegetables and Cereals
• Symptoms of Anaemia - fatigue, weakness and feeling
short of breath. They can be mild or severe
 Vitamin B12
• Cynacobalamine – cobalt present
• Function –
• Helps in DNA formation, RBC Formation and helps us
maintaining nervous system
• Deficiency – Megaloblastic Anaemia , Pernicious
Anaemia
Tricks to remember Water soluble vitamins
• Tiger – Thiamine (B1)
• Rabbit - Riboflavin (B2)
• Need - Niacin (B3)
• Pizza - Pantothenic acid (B5)
• Party - Pyridoxine (B6)
• Buy - Biotin (B7)
• Fried chicken – Folic Acid ( B9)
• Cold drinks - Cobalamin (B12)
Vitamin C
• Ascorbic Acid
• Anti aging vitamin
• Functions –
• Immunity boost
• Helps in wound healing
• Salt sensitive
• Deactivates first on heating
• Lost when peeled vegetables are washed – Healing vitamin
• Deficiency – Scurvy (Skin problem)
• Source – Citric fruits ( Lemon and Amla)
• Best source – Amla
• Milk is poor source for this vitamin
Common Name of Chemical Compounds
• Baking Soda – Sodium Bicarbonate
• Washing Soda – Sodium Carbonate
• Caustic Soda – Sodium Hydroxide
• Bleaching Powder – Calcium hypochlorite
• Dry Ice – Solid Carbon Dioxide
• Blue Vitriol – Copper Sulphate
• Green Vitriol – Ferrous Sulphate
• White Vitriol – Zinc Sulphate
• Oil of vitriol – Sulphuric Acid
• Quick Lime – Calcium Oxide
• Phosgene – Carboxyl Chloride
• Plaster of Paris – Calcium Sulphate
• Chalk – Calcium carbonate
• Laughing gas - Nitrous oxide
• Tear Gas – Chloropicrin
• Freon – Dichlorodifluoro Methane
• Gypsum – Calcium Sulphate
• Sucrose – sugar, table
• Water glass - sodium silicate
• Bitter salt - Magnesium sulphate
• Milk of lime - calcium hydroxide
• Vinegar – Acetic Acid
• Marsh Gas – Methane
• Quicksilver – Mercury
• Spirit of salt – Hydrochloric acid
• Spirit of wine – Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
• Chloroform - Trichloromethane
• Heavy water – Deuterium oxide
• Limestone – Calcium carbonate
• Mohr's salt – Ammonium iron(II) sulphate
• Quartz – Silicon dioxide
• Table salt/ Common salt – Sodium chloride ( Salt )