Computational Geometry AwesomeMath Summer Program 2025

Computational Geometry
Last update: July 15, 2025

1 Menelaus’ Theorem

1.1 Lecture problems

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1. (Menelaus’ Theorem). Let ABC be a triangle and let points D, E, F lie on the lines BC, CA, AB,
respectively, so that either none or two of them lie on the triangle sides. Then the points D, E, F are
collinear if and only if

at
BD CE AF
· · = 1.
DC EA F B
Thanks to Menelaus’ Theorem we can sometimes focus only on a small part of a complicated problem.

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2. Let ω be the circumcircle of triangle ABC and let the tangent to ω at A intersect BC at A1 . Define
points B1 , C1 analogously. Prove that A1 , B1 , C1 are collinear.

3. Let ABC be a scalene triangle and M the midpoint of BC. The incircle centered at I touches BC at
D. Denote by N the midpoint of AD. Prove that N, I, M are collinear.
4. (IMO 1995 shortlist) The incircle of triangle ABC touches the sides BC, CA, AB at points D, E, F
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respectively. Let X be a point inside the triangle ABC such that the incircle of triangle XBC touches
BC, CX, XB at D, Y, Z respectively. Show that E, F, Z and Y are concyclic.

5. (Desargues’ Theorem.) Let ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be two given triangles such that the lines AA0 , BB 0 , and
CC 0 are concurrent. Let X, Y, Z be, respectively, the points of intersection of the lines AB and A0 B 0 ,
BC and B 0 C 0 and CA and C 0 A0 . Then X, Y, Z are collinear.
6. Prove the Simson Line using Menelaus Theorem.
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Computational Geometry AwesomeMath Summer Program 2025

1.2 Problems
Problem 1: Let the external angle bisector of ∠BAC intersect BC at A0 . Define B 0 , C 0 analogously. Prove that
A0 , B 0 , C 0 are collinear.

Problem 2: Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral. A line k intersects DA, AB, BC and CD at X, Y, Z and T,
respectively. Prove that
DX AY BZ CT
· · · = 1.
XA Y B ZC T D
Problem 3: In triangle ABC let D be the point on the segment BC, and E on the segment CA, for which BD =
CE = AB. Let ` be the line through D that is parallel to AB. If M = ` ∩ BE and F = CM ∩ AB prove that

AE · BF · CD = (AB)3 .

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Problem 4: In triangle ABC internal angle bisectors ta , tb , tc meet BC, CA, AB at U, V, W, respectively; and
medians ma , mb , mc intersect BC, CA, AB at L, M, N, respectively. Let ma ∩ tb = P, mb ∩ tc = Q, mc ∩ ta = R.

at
Prove that
AR BP CQ
· · ≥ 8.
RU P V QW

Problem 5: Let D and E be points on sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC such that DE k BC. Let P be an
interior point of triangle ADE. Lines P B and P C intersect DE at F, G, respectively. Prove that AP is a radical

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axis of circumcircles of triangles P DG and P F E.
Hint: Let AP intersects DE at M. Prove that M has equal power wrt both circumcircles.

Problem 6: The incircle of ABC (AB 6= AC) touches BC, CA and AB at D, E and F, respectively. Let X be
a point inside ABC such that the incircle of XBC touches BC at D also and touches CX and XB at Y and Z,
respectively. Prove that EF , ZY and BC concur.

Problem 7: Let ABCD be a trapezoid with AB k CD and let X be a point on segment AB. Put P = BC ∩ AD,
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Y = CD ∩ P X, R = AY ∩ BD and T = P R ∩ AB. Prove that
1 1 1
= + .
AT AX AB
Problem 8: Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral with AC = BD = AD; E and F the midpoints of AB and CD
respectively; O the common point of the diagonals. Prove that EF passes through the touching points of the incircle
of triangle AOD with AO and OD.
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Problem 9: Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Points X, Y and Z lie respectively on segment AC,
−→
segment AB and ray AC with AZ > AC and AX = BY = CZ. Prove that the orthogonal projection of X onto BC
is the midpoint of Y Z.
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Problem 10: In triangle ABC, D, E and F are points on sides BC, AC, and AB, respectively. Let x = BD ,
AE
y = EC , and z = BF
FA
. Let P be the intersection of AD and BE, Q be the intersection of BE and CF , and R be the
intersection of CF and AD. Then,

(xyz − 1)2
[P QR] = [ABC].
(xz + x + 1)(yx + y + 1)(zy + z + 1)