URBANISM

A Discussion on Urban Mapping Techniques.

SPEAKER :
MD RAKIB (B. Arch ,RUET)
Architect
Gray. D Studio

Photographer & Visual Artist

Lines & Light Visuals
Urban Mapping:
Applications

• Urban mapping is the process of

visually representing city data.

• Used in architecture, planning, and

urban design.

Importance

• Understand city structure

• Analyze land use
• Study movement & density
• Support design decisions
Types of Urban Mapping

Land Use Mapping

Figure Ground Mapping
Road Network Mapping
Density Mapping
Activity Mapping
Land Use Mapping

• Shows
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
green spaces.

• Usually color-coded for clarity.

Color Code

Residential Commercial

Rural Residential Neighborhood Commercial

Low-Density Community Commercial

Residential
Regional Commercial
Medium-Density
Residential

High-Density
Residential
Industrial Mixed Use Parks, Open Space & Greenways

Light Industrial Institutional Parks and Recreation

Agriculture
Heavy Industrial Resource Conservation
Military
Port / Aviation Historic / Cultural Areas
Industrial
Figure Ground Mapping

Black = Built mass

White = Open space

Helps understand urban form and density.

Road & Movement Mapping

Shows primary,
secondary roads and
pedestrian paths.

Useful for traffic and

accessibility analysis.
Density Mapping

visual representations (like

heatmaps with colors or contour
lines) showing how concentrated
things like population, buildings, or
points of interest are across its
area,

• Represents population or
building density.

• Often shown using

gradients or dots.
Activity Mapping

Activity mapping is a
versatile technique to
visually represent and
analyze human actions,
processes, or user
behaviors in various
contexts like urban design
SOME MORE TYPES OF MAPPING
LOCAL TRANSPORT MAPPING
HOTEL MAPPING
FOOD MAPPING
Map Presentation Ideas : Using Icon

Local Transport Mapping

Map Presentation Ideas : 3D Axonometric

Physical Survey Data

Map Presentation Ideas : Axonometric Color and Icon
Map Presentation Ideas : Icon and Photographs
Tools Required
for Photoshop
Mapping
Step 1: Choose a Base Map
Step 2: Gather Data
Step 3: Create Layers
Step 4: Import Data Photoshop
Step 5: Labels & Legend
Step 6: Customize Your Map
(Using Color, Icon, and Images)
 COLOR
THEORY
Color Theory is a system of rules and
guidance for mixing various colors in order
to:

• Create Aesthetically Pleasing

Blends
• Produce Maximum Readability and
Clarity
• Draw on Cultural Associations to Effect
Meaning
Color theory is a practical combination of art and science that’s used to
determine what colors look good together. The color wheel was invented
in 1666 by Isaac Newton, who mapped the color spectrum onto a circle.
The color wheel is the basis of color theory, because it shows the
relationship between colors.

Colors that look good together are called a color harmony. Artists and
designers use these to create a particular look or feel. You can use a color
wheel to find color harmonies by using the rules of color combinations.
Color combinations determine the relative positions of different colors in
order to find colors that create a pleasing effect.

There are two types of color wheel. The RYB or red, yellow, blue color
wheel is typically used by artists, as it helps with combining paint colors.
Then there is the RGB, or red, green and blue color wheel, which is
designed for online use, as it refers to mixing light – like on a computer or
TV screen.
 “Color is a power
which directly
influences the soul.”

~Wassily Kandinsky
People decide whether or not they like a product in 90 seconds or less.
90% of that decision is based solely on color.
 Color theory is both the
science and art of using color.
The fundamentals of understanding
color theory

It explains how humans perceive color; and the visual

effects of how colors mix, match or contrast with each
other.

Color theory also involves the messages colors

communicate; and the methods used to replicate color.
In color theory, colors are organized on a color wheel and grouped into 3 categories:

Primary colors
Secondary colors
Tertiary colors.
Primary, secondary and tertiary
colors

There are 12 main colors on the color wheel.

In the RGB color wheel, these hues are red, orange, yellow,
chartreuse green, green, spring green, cyan, azure, blue, violet,
magenta and rose.

The color wheel can be divided into primary, secondary and

tertiary colors.

Primary colors in the RGB color wheel are the colors that, added
together, create pure white light. These colors are red, green and
blue.

In the RYB color wheel, primary colors are colors that can’t be
mixed from other colors. There are three primary colors: red,
yellow, and blue.
Primary, secondary and tertiary colors

Secondary colors are colors that result from mixing two primary colors. There are
three secondary colors. In the RGB color wheel, these are cyan, magenta and yellow.
When you mix light, red and green make yellow, green and blue make cyan, and blue
and red make magenta.

In the RYB color wheel, the secondary colors are purple (red mixed with blue), orange
(red mixed with yellow), and green (yellow mixed with blue).

Tertiary colors are colors made by combining a secondary color with a primary color.
There are six tertiary colors. In the RGB color wheel these are orange, chartreuse
green, spring green, azure, violet and rose.

In the RYB color wheel, the tertiary colors are red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-
green, blue-green, blue-violet, and red-violet.
RGB: the additive color mixing model
Humans see colors in light waves. Mixing light—or
the additive color mixing model—allows you to create
colors by mixing red, green and blue light sources
of various intensities. The more light you add, the brighter
the color mix becomes. If you mix all three colors of light,
you get pure, white light.
TVs, screens and projectors use red, green and blue
(RGB) as their primary colors, and then mix them
together to create other colors.

Why should you care?

Let’s say you have a very distinct brand with a bright
yellow logo. If you post the logo on Facebook, Twitter or
your website and don’t use the correct color process,
your logo will appear muddy instead of that bright yellow.
That’s why, when working with files for any screen, use
RGB, not CMYK
CMYK: the subtractive color mixing model
Any color you see on a physical surface (paper, signage,
packaging, etc.) uses the subtractive color mixing model.

Traditionally, the primary colors used in subtractive

process were red, yellow and blue, as these were the
colors painters mixed to get all other hues.

Why should you care?

You’ve decided to print a full-color brochure.
 The color
wheel
The color wheel consists of three primary colors (red, yellow,
blue), three secondary colors (colors created when primary
colors are mixed: green, orange, purple) and six tertiary
colors (colors made from primary and secondary colors, such as
blue-green or red-violet).
 Draw a line through the
center of the wheel, and
you’ll separate the warm
colors (reds, oranges,
yellows) from cool
colors (blues, greens,
purples).

Energy, Brightness, and Action, calm, peace, and serenity.

Hue, shade, tint and tone

Simply put, tints, tones and shades are variations of hues, or colors, on the color wheel. A tint is a
hue to which white has been added. For example, red + white = pink. A shade is a hue to which
black has been added. For example, red + black = burgundy. Finally, a tone is a color to which black
and white (or grey) have been added. This darkens the original hue while making the color appear
more subtle and less intense.
Shades, tints and tones

You can create shades, tints and tones of a color by adding black, grey and white to a
base hue.
Shade

A shade is created by adding black to a base hue, darkening the color. This creates a
deeper, richer color. Shades can be quite dramatic and can be overpowering.
Tint

A tint is created by adding white to a base hue, lightening the color. This can make a
color less intense, and is useful when balancing more vivid color combinations.
Tones

A tone is created by combining black and white—or grey—with a base hue. Like tints,
tones are subtler versions of the original color. Tones are less likely to look pastel,
and can reveal complexities not apparent in the base color.
Hue, Saturation and Luminance

A hue is basically any color on the color wheel. When you

are using a color wheel or a color picker, you can adjust
the saturation and luminance of a hue.

Saturation is the intensity or purity of the color.

Luminance is the amount of brightness or light in a color.

Color schemes

Let’s talk schemes… (And not the kind that cartoon villains concoct.
Bwahaha!) We’re talking color schemes. Using the color wheel, designers
develop a color scheme for marketing materials.
Complementary colors
Complementary colors are
opposites on the color wheel—red
and green, for example.

Because there’s a sharp contrast

between the two colors, they can
really make imagery pop, but
overusing them can get tiresome.
Think any shopping mall in
December. That being said, using a
complementary color scheme in
your business marketing offers
sharp contrast and clear
differentiation between images.
Analogous colors

Analogous colors sit next to

one another on the color
wheel—red, orange and
yellow, for example. When
creating an analogous color
scheme, one color will
dominate, one will support
and another will accent. In
business, analogous color
schemes are not only
pleasing to the eye, but can
effectively instruct the
consumer where and how to
take action.
Triadic colors

Triadic colors are evenly

spaced around the color wheel
and tend to be very bright and
dynamic.
Using a triadic color scheme in
your marketing creates visual
contrast and harmony
simultaneously, making each
item stand out while making
the overall image pop.
Monochromatic

Three shades, tones and tints of one base color. Provides

a subtle and conservative color combination. This is a
versatile color combination that is easy to apply to design
projects for a harmonious look.
Tetradic
Four colors that are evenly spaced on the color wheel.
Tetradic color schemes are bold and work best if you let
one color be dominant, and use the others as accents.
The more colors you have in your palette, the more
difficult it is to balance.
LET’S MAKE A TEST
 Simultaneous Contrast” occurs when a color like red is fore grounded on
blue. Note how the text appears to slightly vibrate. This would get
annoying really quickly.

READ THE Simultaneous Contrast” occurs when a color like red is fore grounded on

SENTENCES blue. Note how the text appears to slightly vibrate. This would get
annoying really quickly.

FROM EACH
SECTION Simultaneous Contrast” occurs when a color like red is fore
grounded on blue. Note how the text appears to slightly vibrate.
This would get annoying really quickly.

Simultaneous Contrast” occurs when a color like red is fore

grounded on blue. Note how the text appears to slightly
vibrate. This would get annoying really quickly.
 You Need
The color Palettes
[Link]
But really, why should you
care about color theory?
Two words: branding and marketing.
No wait, three words: branding,
marketing and sales.

With this basic knowledge about

colors and color schemes, you’re
prepared to make effective branding
decisions. Like what color your logo
should be. Or the emotions that
colors evoke in a consumer and
the psychology behind color
choices on your website.
In 1931, Coca-Cola launched a Christmas
advertising campaign illustrated by
Haddon Sundblom, portraying Santa as
cheerful, friendly, and larger-than-life —
wearing a red suit perfectly matching Coca-
Cola’s brand color .
Those ads became so popular that they
reshaped Santa’s image forever,
embedding the red suit into pop culture
across generations.
Understanding
Color
Psychology
3 Colors
Many Colors
Many Colors
Many
Colors
POP
THANK YOU