Present Perfect

This is John. He is quite sad because he can’t find his keys.

What is the problem?

HE HAS LOST HIS KEYS.

Something happened in the past,

but has an effect in the present.
John still can’t get into his house.
 How to form
‘Present Perfect’?
 01
Positive
Form
She has cleaned the house.
We have watched a horror movie.
She’s cleaned the house.
We’ve watched a horror movie.

He has had a bad accident. I have eaten a sandwich.

He’s had a bad accident. I’ve eaten a sandwich.

They have graduated.

They’ve graduated.
It has broken the vase.
It’s broken the vase.
You have broken your arm.
You’ve broken your arm.

Subject (he/she/it) + has + V3 (past participle)

Subject (I/you/we/they) + have + V3 (past participle)
 02
Negative
Form
 She has not cleaned the house.
We have not watched a horror movie.
She hasn’t cleaned the house.
We haven’t watched a horror movie.

He has not had a bad accident. I have not eaten a sandwich.

He hasn’t had a bad accident. I haven’t eaten a sandwich.

They have not graduated.

They haven’t graduated.
It has not broken the vase.
It hasn’t broken the vase.
You have not broken your arm.
You haven’t broken your arm.

Subject (he/she/it) + has not + V3 (past participle)

Subject (I/you/we/they) + have not + V3 (past participle)

 03
Question
Form
 Has she cleaned the house? Have we watched a horror movie?
Yes, she has. Yes, we have.
No, she hasn’t. No, we haven’t.

Has he had a bad accident? Have I eaten a sandwich?

Yes, he has. Yes, I have.

No, he hasn’t. No, I haven’t.

Have they graduated?

Has it broken the vase? Yes, they have.
No, they haven’t.
Yes, it has.
No, it hasn’t. Have you broken your arm?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.

Has + subject (he/she/it) + V3 (past participle)

Have + subject (I/you/we/they) + V3 (past participle)

 NOTICE THIS

I have She has

watched eaten a
this movie. sandwich.

What is the difference between the past participle (V3) form of the
verbs?
watche REGULAR VERB
d
eate IRREGULAR VERB
n
  Adding –ed to the base verb

walk – walked – walked visit – visited – visited

 Adding –ied to the base verb if the verb ends with

REGULAR –y and the previous letter is a consonant.

cry – cried – cried try – tried - tried

VERBS  Adding –d to the base verb if the verb ends with -e

save – saved – saved dance – danced - danced

Past forms and  Adding –ed to the base verb if the verb ends with
past participle –y and the previous letter is a vowel.
forms of regular
verbs are the play – played – played enjoy- enjoyed - enjoyed
SAME.
 Adding –ed to the base verb and double the
consonant if the verb is one syllable and ends with a
vowel & a consonant.
stop – stopped - stopped hug – hugged - hugged
 do did done
have had had
IRREGULAR be was/were been

VERBS eat ate eaten

write wrote written
swim swam swum
Either one letter buy bought bought
or the whole word
changes. drive drove driven
go went gone
drink drank drunk
Past Form Past Participle Form
(V2) (V3)
 EXCEPTIONS;

The spelling is the same but the

 read – read - read.
pronounciation is different.

 put – put - put

 set – set – set
 hit – hit – hit Both the spelling and
• let – let – let pronounciation are the same.
• hurt – hurt - hurt
• cut – cut – cut
• cost – cost - cost
PLEASE CHECK PAGE
165 FROM YOUR BOOKS
FOR MORE IRREGULAR
VERBS
 Where to use
‘Present Perfect’?
 To talk or ask about events in the past

 She has watched Die Hard four times. We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to
talk about a completed past action at an
unspecific time in the past.
 I have lived in Florida.

Perhaps we don’t remember when the action

 We haven’t read Lord Of the Rings. happened.

 He hasn’t been to
Rome. Maybe we don’t know when the action
happened.
 He has swum in the Pacific Ocean.

 Have you watched the new Christopher Or we just don’t care when the action
Nolan film? happened because the important thing is
the experience itself.
 Lewis Hamilton has won 21 races.
The only thing that is important is that it
 He has never played football in a happened sometime before now but not at any
famous football club before. specific time.
 To talk or ask about recent events

 Have you cleaned your room?

 He hasn’t arrived. We are

waiting for him to start dinner. We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to
talk about a completed recent action which
 They are really happy because they have won has an effect at the present.
the award.

 Has she finished her homework? We don’t care when the action
happened because the important thing is
the action itself.
 Your parents have arrived. They’re in the
living rom.

 The house smells awful. He has painted

the walls.

 They have bought a new house. They

are going to move next week.
Time Expressions
 Positive Negativ Questio
e n
ever sentenc sentenc sentenc
es es es

never

just

already

yet
 EVER
 We use ‘ever’ when we want to ask a person
Have you ever read a Russian novel? about his/her experience.

Has she ever ridden a horse?

 We aren’t interested in when he/she did it.
We just want to know if the person did the
Have you ever seen a ghost? action.

Have you ever met a famous person?

Be careful, ‘ever’ is used in question
sentences and it goes between the
Has your son ever sung in a choir? subject and the verb.

Has he ever visited the Eiffel Tower?

Have you ever studied German?

 NEVER
I have never read a Russian novel.  We use ‘never’ when we want to talk about
things we haven’t done.

She’s never ridden a horse.

Be careful, ‘never’ is used in positive
sentences, but the meaning is negative.
You have never seen a ghost.

I haven’t never been to Canada.

I’ve never met a famous person?
I have never been to Canada.

I have never studied German.

 It goes between the auxiliary verb and
the main verb.
We have never worked in a team.
 JUST
My friend has just registered for  Just used with the present perfect
a yoga class. means 'a short time before, very
recently'.

I have just had lunch. I don’t want

to eat any snacks. Be careful, ‘just’ is used in positive
sentences.
We’ve just seen Susan. She is
with her friends.
 ‘Just’ goes between the auxiliary verb and
Mike’s just called. Can you ring the main verb.
him back?

She has just got a promotion.

 ALREADY

A: When are you going to do your homework?

B: I’ve already done it!  Already means that something
happened earlier than we expected.

You’re too late. The teacher has already

left school.
Be careful, ‘already’ is used in positive
sentences.
My brother has already been to
Budapest, so he doesn’t want to go there
this summer.  ‘Already’ usually goes between the auxiliary
verb and the main verb.
Tom has already invited Sarah. Don’t
worry.
YET I haven’t visited the Tate Modern yet.
Yet in negative sentences means that something
She hasn’t graduated yet. that we expected hasn’t happened.

We haven’t finished the project yet. It goes at the end of a negative

sentence.

Has the post arrived yet?

 Yet is used in question sentences to find out if
Hasn’t the post arrived yet? something that we expected has happened
before now.
Have you bought your mother a present yet?

Haven’t you bought your mother a present yet? Be careful, ‘yet’ is used in negative and
positive question sentences, but we
Has she tidied her room yet? answer the questions as if the question is
positive.
Hasn’t she tidied her room yet?

 ‘Yet’ goes at the end of the sentence.

 Let’s
Exercise
 Complete the table in the present
perfect.

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I have been asleep. I haven’t been asleep. Have I been asleep?

You have played. You haven’t played. Have you played?

He has run. He hasn’t run. Has he run?

We haven’t read.
We have read. Have you/we read?

You have been to London.

You haven’t been to Have you been to London?
London.

They haven’t left. Have they left?

They have left.
 Match the questions on the left with the correct answer on
the right.

C
1. Has he finished university yet? _______
A) No, he hasn’t. He’s still talking.
2. H
Have you eaten breakfast yet? _______
B) No, I haven’t. My wife’s still reading it.
3. F
Have they gotten married yet? _______ C) No, he hasn’t graduated yet.
A
4. Has the president finished speaking yet? _______ D) No it hasn’t. The teacher isn’t here yet.
G
5. Has Mary watered the plants yet? _______ E) No, they haven’t finished yet.

I F) No, they haven’t. They’re still engaged.

6. Has the doctor seen you yet? _______
G) No, she hasn’t. They are still dry.
J
7. Has the sun come out yet? _______
H) No, I haven’t. I’ll eat in a few minutes.
E
8. Have they finished their homework yet? _______
I) No, he hasn’t. He is with another patient.
D
9. Has the class begun yet? _______ J) No, it hasn’t. It’s still raining.
B
10. Have you read the paper yet? _______
 Write sentences or questions with yet, just, or already.

1. I / have / breakfast. (just)

I HAVE JUST HAD BREAKFAST. 8. I / not read / his new book. (yet)
2. you / finish / your dinner? (yet)
I HAVEN’T READ HIS NEW BOOK YET.
HAVE (NOT) YOU FINISHED YOUR DINNER YET?
3. The film / start. (already) 9. He / clean the car. (already)
HE HAS ALREADY CLEANED THE CAR.
THE FILM HAS ALREADY STARTED.
4. I / not meet / his girlfriend. (yet) 10. She / buy a new jacket. (just)

I HAVEN’T MET HIS GIRLFRIEND YET. SHE HAS JUST BOUGHT A NEW JACKET.
5. They / get married. (just) 11. He / find a job? (yet)
THEY HAVE JUST GOT MARRIED. HAS (NOT) HE FOUND A JOB YET?
6. You’re too late. He / go / home. (already)

HE HAS ALREADY GONE HOME.

7. We / speak / to him. (just)

WE HAVE JUST SPOKEN TO HIM.

 Find the correct verb and complete the following sentences in present perfect.
Make negative sentences.
hasn’t started
1. It is only 8:45. The class _____________________ yet.
2. It started to snow last night and it still
hasn’t stopped
__________________________.
3. She has finally decided which car she wants, but she
hasn’t bought
________________________ it yet.
4. I heard that the movie at the Roxy Theater is great , but I
haven’t seen
______________________ it yet.
5. I bought a newspaper today, but I still
haven’t read
______________________ it.
6. He took his car to the service station yesterday, but they
haven’t fixed
____________________ it yet.
 Choose the correct
answer
1. My mother has already /yet made a cake.
2. I have just / yet finished my homework so I’m very
tired.
3. She hasn’t cleaned the room already / yet.
4. We have just / yet fed the dog. He is full.
5. My father has just / yet gone to work.
6. Sally hasn’t started the project just / yet.
7. Have you typed the letters already / yet?
 Answer the questions by using the words given in the brackets

1. Have you washed your hair yet? (already)

Yes. I have already washed my hair.

2. Have they decided where to go on holiday this summer?

(just)
Yes. They have just decided where to go on holiday this summer.

3. Has she made her presentation? (yet)

No. She hasn’t made her presentation yet.

4. Have the workers finished their work? (already)

Yes. They have already finished their work.

Write the questions by using «have you ever….?» and ask them to your friend.

1. travel by plane Have you ever travelled by plane?

2. visit a museum Have you ever visited a museum?

3. play volleyball on the beach Have you ever played volleyball on the beach?

4. meet a famous person Have you ever met a famous person?

5. climb a tree Have you ever climbed a tree?
6. Win a competition Have you ever won a
competition?
7. Write a poem Have you ever written a poem?

8. lose your phone Have you ever lost your phone?

9. see a dolphin Have you ever seen a dolphin?

10. play an instrument in public Have you ever played an instrument in

public?
Been to
vs.
GONE TO
What is the difference?

 John has been to Rome. This means John has visited

Rome, he is not there now.
He has come back.

This means John is still in

 John has gone to Rome. Rome. He hasn’t come back,
yet.
 Notıce!!
We usually prefer «been» instead of «gone» while asking a question.

Have you been to market?

Have you gone to market?

Have you been to your grandparent’s ?

Have you gone to your grandparent’s?

 Let’s
Exercise
 PUT IN “GONE” or “ BEEN”

gone
1. He’s on holiday at the moment. He’s __________ to Spain.
2. ‘Where’s Jill?’ ‘She’s not here. I think she’s
gone
__________ to the bank.’
been
3. ‘Hello, Pat. Where have you _______________?’
been
4. ‘Have you ever ____________ to Mexico?’
5. My parents aren’t at home this evening. They’ve
gone
___________ out.
6. There’s a new restaurant in town. Have you
been
____________ to it?
been
7. Paris is a wonderful city. I’ve ______________ there
many times.
gone now.
8. Helen was here earlier, but I think she’s _______
THANKS