ESSENTIAL
CALCULUS
CH12 Multiple
integrals
In this Chapter:
12.1 Double Integrals over Rectangles
12.2 Double Integrals over General Regions
12.3 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
12.4 Applications of Double Integrals
12.5 Triple Integrals
12.6 Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
12.7 Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates
12.8 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals
Review
s {( x, y, z ) R 3 0 z f ( x, y ), ( x, y ) R}
Chapter 12, 12.1, P665
(See Figure 2.) Our goal is to find
the volume of S.
Chapter 12, 12.1, P667
Chapter 12, 12.1, P667
5. DEFINITION The double integral of f over
the rectangle R is
f ( x, y)dA
R
if this limit exists.
Chapter 12, 12.1, P667
lim
max xi , yi 0
f ( xi j, yi j )A
i 1 j 1
ij
f ( x, y)dA
R
Chapter 12, 12.1, P668
lim
m , n
f ( x , y )A
i 1 j 1
If f (x, y) 0, then the volume V of the solid that
lies above the rectangle R and below the surface
z=f (x, y) is
v f ( x, y )dA
R
Chapter 12, 12.1, P668
MIDPOINT RULE FOR DOUBLE INTEGRALS
m
f ( x, y)dA f ( x , y )A
R
i 1 j 1
where xi is the midpoint of [xi-1, xi] and yj is the
midpoint of [yj-1, yj ].
Chapter 12, 12.1, P669
10. FUBINIS THEOREM If f is continuous on
the rectangle R={(x, y} a x b, c y d} ,
then
b
f ( x, y)dA
R
f ( x, y )dydx
f ( x, y )dxdy
More generally, this is true if we assume that f
is bounded on R, is discontinuous only on a
finite number of smooth curves, and the
iterated integrals exist.
Chapter 12, 12.1, P672
g ( x)h( y)dA
R
Chapter 12, 12.1, P673
g ( x)dx h( y )dy where R R [a, b] [c, d ]
c
Chapter 12, 12.2, P676
Chapter 12, 12.2, P676
Chapter 12, 12.2, P677
Chapter 12, 12.2, P677
[Link] f is continuous on a type I region D such that
D {( x, y ) a x b, g1 ( x) y g 2 ( x)}
then
b
g2 x
g1 x
f ( x, y)dA
D
Chapter 12, 12.2, P677
f ( x, y )dydx
Chapter 12, 12.2, P678
h2 ( y )
h1 ( y )
f ( x, y)dA
D
f ( x, y )dxdy
where D is a type II region given by Equation 4.
Chapter 12, 12.2, P678
Chapter 12, 12.2, P681
6. [ f ( x, y ) g ( x, y )]dA f ( x, y )dA g ( x, y )dA
7.
cf ( x, y)dA c f ( x, y)dA
D
If f (x, y) g (x, y) for all (x, y) in D, then
8.
f ( x, y)dA g ( x, y)dA
D
If D=D1 U D2, where D1 and D2 dont overlap
except perhaps on their boundaries (see Figure
17), then
f ( x, y)dA f ( x, y)dA f ( x, y)dA
D
Chapter 12, 12.2, P681
D1
D2
1dA A( D)
D
Chapter 12, 12.2, P682
11. If m f (x, y) M for all (x ,y) in D, then
mA( D) f ( x, y )dA MA( D)
D
Chapter 12, 12.2, P682
Chapter 12, 12.3, P684
Chapter 12, 12.3, P684
Chapter 12, 12.3, P684
r2=x2+y2
Chapter 12, 12.3, P684
x=r cos
y=r sin
Chapter 12, 12.3, P685
2. CHANGE TO POLAR COORDINATES IN A
DOUBLE INTEGRAL If f is continuous on a
polar rectangle R given by 0arb, a,
where 0- 2 , then
b
f ( x, y)dA
R
Chapter 12, 12.3, P686
f (r cos , r sin )rdrd
3. If f is continuous on a polar region of the form
D {( r , ) , h1 ( ) r h2 ( )
then
h2 ( )
f ( x, y)dA
D
Chapter 12, 12.3, P687
h1 ( )
f (r cos , r sin )rdrd
3. DEFINITION The triple integral of f over
the box B is
f ( x, y, z )dV
B
max xi , yi , z k 0
if this limit exists.
Chapter 12, 12.5, P696
lim
i 1 j 1 k 1
*
*
*
f ( xijk
, yijk
, zijk
)Vijk
f ( x, y, z )dV
B
Chapter 12, 12.5, P696
lim
l , m , n
f ( x , y , z
i 1 j 1 k 1
)V
4. FUBINIS THEOREM FOR TRIPLE
INTEGRALS If f is continuous on the
rectangular box B=[a, b] [c, d ][r, s], then
s
f ( x, y, z )dV
B
Chapter 12, 12.5, P696
f ( x, y, z )dxdydz
f ( x, y, z )dV
Chapter 12, 12.5, P697
u2 ( x , y )
u1 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z )dz dA
g2 ( x)
g1 ( x )
f ( x, y, z )dV
E
Chapter 12, 12.5, P697
u2 ( x , y )
u1 ( x , y )
f ( x, y , z )dzdydx
h2 ( x )
h1 ( x )
f ( x, y, z )dV
E
Chapter 12, 12.5, P698
u2 ( x , y )
u1 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z ) dzdxdy
f ( x, y, z )dV
E
Chapter 12, 12.5, P698
u2 ( x , y )
u1 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z )dx dA
f ( x, y, z )dV
E
Chapter 12, 12.5, P699
u2 ( x , y )
u1 ( x , y )
f ( x, y, z )dy dA
V ( E ) dV
E
Chapter 12, 12.5, P700
Chapter 12, 12.6, P705
To convert from cylindrical to rectangular
coordinates, we use the equations
1 x=r cos
y=r sin
z=z
whereas to convert from rectangular to cylindrical
coordinates, we use
2. r =x +y
2
Chapter 12, 12.6, P705
tan =
y
x
z=z
Chapter 12, 12.6, P706
Chapter 12, 12.6, P706
Chapter 12, 12.6, P706
formula for triple integration in cylindrical
coordinates.
h2 ( ) u 2 ( r cos , r sin )
f ( x, y, z )dV
E
Chapter 12, 12.6, P707
h1 ( )
u1 ( r cos , r sin )
f (r cos , r sin , z )rdzdrd
p0
Chapter 12, 12.7, P709
Chapter 12, 12.7, P709
Chapter 12, 12.7, P709
Chapter 12, 12.7, P709
Chapter 12, 12.7, P710
x p sin cos
Chapter 12, 12.7, P710
y p sin sin
z p cos
p2 x2 y2 z 2
Chapter 12, 12.7, P710
FIGURE 8
Volume element in spherical
coordinates: dV=p2sindpdd
Chapter 12, 12.7, P711
Formula for triple integration in spherical
coordinates
f ( x, y, z )dV
E
f ( p sin cos , p sin som , p cos ) p 2 sin dpdd
where E is a spherical wedge given by
E {( p, , ) a p b, , c d }
Chapter 12, 12.7, P711
Chapter 12, 12.8, P716
Chapter 12, 12.8, P717
7. DEFINITION The Jacobian of the
transformation T given by x= g (u, v) and
y= h (u, v) is
x
( x, y )
u
y
(u , v )
u
Chapter 12, 12.8, P718
x
x y x y
v
y
u v v u
v
9. CHANGE OF VARIABLES IN A DOUBLE
INTEGRAL Suppose that T is a C1
transformation whose Jacobian is nonzero and
that maps a region S in the uv-plane onto a
region R in the xy-plane. Suppose that f is
continuous on R and that R and S are type I or
type II plane regions. Suppose also that T is
one-to-one, except perhaps on the boundary
of . S. Then
f ( x, y )dA
R
Chapter 12, 12.8, P719
( x, y )
f ( x(u , v ), y (u , v))
dudv
(u , v )
Let T be a transformation that maps a region S in
uvw-space onto a region R in xyz-space by means
of the equations
x=g (u, v, w)
y=h (u, v, w) z=k (u, v, w)
The Jacobian of T is the following 3X3
determinant:
x x x
u v w
12.
( x, y , z )
y y y
(u , v, w)
u v w
z z z
u v w
Chapter 12, 12.8, P721
13.
f ( x, y, z )dV
R
( x, y , z )
f ( x (u , v, w), y (u , v, w), z (u , v, w))
dudvdw
(u , v, w)
Chapter 12, 12.8, P722
