Linux Basics
WeeSan Lee <weesan@[Link]>
[Link]
Roadmap
What is Unix?
What is Linux?
Which Linux Distribution is better?
Fish vs. Fishing
Basic Commands
Vi and Emacs
Q&A
References
[Link]
What is Unix?
A multi-task and multi-user Operating System
Developed in 1969 at AT&Ts Bell Labs by
Ken Thompson (Unix)
Dennis Ritchie (C)
Douglas Mcllroy (Pipes - Do one thing, do it well)
Some other variants: System V, Solaris, SCO
Unix, SunOS, 4.4BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD,
OpenBSD, BSDI
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What is Linux?
A clone of Unix
Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish
graduate student
Inspired by and replacement of Minix
Linus' Minix became Linux
Consist of
Linux Kernel
GNU (GNU is Not Unix) Software
Software Package management
Others
[Link] [Link]
What is Linux?
Originally developed for
32-bit x86-based PC
Ported to other
architectures, eg.
Alpha, VAX, PowerPC,
IBM S/390, MIPS, IA-64
PS2, TiVo, cellphones,
watches, Nokia N810,
NDS, routers, NAS, GPS,
* See references at the end
[Link] for the corresponding websites.
Which Linux Distribution is better?
> 300 Linux Distributions
Slackware (one of the oldest, simple and stable distro.)
Redhat
RHEL (commercially support)
Fedora (free)
CentOS (free RHEL, based in England)
SuSe ( based in German)
Gentoo (Source code based)
Debian (one of the few called GNU/Linux)
Ubuntu (based in South Africa)
Knoppix (first LiveCD distro.)
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Which Linux Distribution is better?
Ubuntu
Debian
Knoppix
Slackware Gentoo
CentOS
Redhat
Source:
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Which Linux Distribution is better?
Ask yourself these questions (from LAH)
Is it going to be around in 5 yrs?
Is it giong to stay on top of the latest security
patches?
Is it going to release updated software promptly?
If I have problems, will the vendor talk to me?
Personally, I use Slackware
But, we will use CentOS (possibly along with
Slackware :)
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Fish vs. Fishing
Manpage 4 Device drivers and
$ man ls network protocols
$ man 2 mkdir /dev/tty
$ man man 5 Standard file formats
/etc/hosts
$ man -k mkdir
6 Games and demos
Manpage sections (LAH /usr/games/fortune
Table 1.2 @ page 12)
7 Misc. files and docs
1 User-level cmds and apps man 7 locale
/bin/mkdir
8 System admin. Cmds
2 System calls /sbin/reboot
int mkdir(const char *, );
$ manpath
3 Library calls
int printf(const char *, ); $ env | grep MANPATH
/etc/[Link]
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Fish vs. Fishing (cont)
Google
linux package management -rpm
linux package management -rpm
linux OR windows
rpm site:[Link]
linux faq filetype:pdf
Info
Text-base, menu-based help from GNU
?, h, u, t, ^N, ^P, Enter
$ info info
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Basic Commands
ls which
$ ls -l $ which ls
$ ls -a whereis
$ ls -la $ whereis ls
$ ls -l --sort=time locate
$ ls -l --sort=size -r $ locate stdio.h
cd $ locate iostream
$ cd /usr/bin rpm
pwd $ rpm -q bash
$ pwd $ rpm -qa
~ $ rpm -qa | sort | less
$ cd ~ find
~user $ find / | grep stdio.h
$ cd ~weesan $ find /usr/include | grep stdio.h
What will cd ~/weesan do?
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Basic Commands (cont)
echo rm
$ echo Hello World $ rm foo
$ echo -n Hello World $ rm -rf foo
cat $ rm -i foo
$ cat /etc/motd $ rm -- -foo
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo chgrp
cp $ chgrp bar /home/foo
$ cp foo bar chsh
$ cp -a foo bar $ chsh foo
mv chfn
$ mv foo bar $ chfn foo
mkdir chown
$ chown -R foo:bar /home/foo
$ mkdir foo
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Basic Commands (cont)
tar Pipe
$ tar cvfp [Link] lab1 $ cal > foo
gzip $ cat /dev/zero > foo
$ gzip -9 [Link] $ cat < /etc/passwd
untar & ungzip $ who | cut -d -f1 | sort |
$ gzip -cd [Link] | tar xvf uniq | wc l
$ tar xvfz [Link] backtick
touch $ echo The date is `date`
$ touch foo $ echo `seq 1 10`
$ cat /dev/null > foo Hard, soft (symbolic) link
ln vmlinuz-[Link] vmlinuz
ln -s firefox-[Link] firefox
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Basic Commands (cont)
Disk usage
$ df -h /
File space usage
$ du -sxh ~/
Advance stuff
$ ssh eon who
$ ssh eon cd .html ; tar cvfp - cs183 | gzip -9c | tar
xvfpz -
$ ssh kilo-1 tar cvfp - /extra/weesan | tar xvfp - -C /
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Vi
2 modes Delete
dd (delete a line)
Input mode
d10d (delete 10 lines)
ESC to back to cmd mode d$ (delete till end of line)
Command mode dG (delete till end of file)
Cursor movement x (current char.)
h (left), j (down), k (up), l (right) Paste
^f (page down) p (paste after)
^b (page up) P (paste before)
^ (first char.) Undo
$ (last char.) u
G (bottom page) Search
:1 (goto first line) /
Swtch to input mode Save/Quit
a (append) :w (write)
i (insert) :q (quit)
o (insert line after :wq (write and quit)
O (insert line before) :q! (give up changes)
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Emacs; ctrl= ^
$ emacs Paste
Cursor movement ^y (yank)
^f (forward one char.) Undo
^b (backward one char.) ^/
^a (begin of line) Load file
^e (end of line) ^x^f
^n (next line) Cancel
^p (prev. line) ^g
^v (page up) Save/Quit
alt-v (page down) ^x^c (quit w/out saving)
Deletion ^x^s (save)
^d (delete one char) ^x^w (write to a new file)
alt-d (delete one word)
^k (delete line)
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Q&A
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References
LAH
Ch 1: Where to Start
Unix history
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Linus Torvalds
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Linux Kernel
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References
GNU (Gnus Not Unix)
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Linux Distribution
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PS2: Computational Cluster
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Linux Gadgets
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TiVo
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References
Nintendo DS Lite
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Nokia N810
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Linux Distribution
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GNU/Linux Distro Timeline: [Link]
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Google Advance Search
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