Group 3

Gretchen Amaro
Armie Miergo
Vanessa Diolata
Mary Angel Destora
Bristle Kaye Mirabueno
CHAPTER VIII
NOLI ME TANGERE
February 21,1887- the first novel Noli Me Tangere was
finished

IDEA OF WRITING ON PHILIPPINES:

The reading of Harriet Beecher Stowes “Uncle
Tom’s Cabin”- which portrays the brutalities of
American slave-owners and the pathetic conditions
of the unfortunate Negro, Slaves, inspired Dr. Jose
Rizal to prepare a novel on the Philippines
Rizal was a student in the Central University of
Madrid
Rizal proposed is writing of a novel about the
Philippines during the reunion of Filipinos in the
house of the Paternos in Madrid on January 2,1884
 His proposal was unanimously approved by:
1. Pedro
2. Maximo
3. Antonio
 They were Paternos
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Evaristo Aguirre
Julio Llorente
Valentin Ventura
Eduardo De Lete
The end of 1884-Rizal began writing the novel in
madrid and he finished one half of it
1885
He went to Paris for completing his studies in the
Universidad Central De Madrid
He continued writing the novel, finishing the one
half of the second half.

GERMANY 1886
During the dark days
While his spirit was at its lowest ebb, he almost
threw the manuscript into the fire
The novel was almost finished
 He was desperately desponded because he
saw no hope of having it to published for he
was utterly penniless

FERNANDO CANON- friend of Rizal

MID DECEMBER-
a telegram from Barcelona arrived

THE TELEGRAM
Sent by Dr. Maximo Viola, informing Rizal of
his coming visit to Berlin
 The message revived the author’s Hope

Dr. Maximo Viola

A scion of a rich family of San Miguel Bulacan
Would surely lend him the money for the
publication of the novel
The man had saved “Noli”
Viola was a Godsend
Viola came to Berlin to invite Rizal to join him in
a tour of Europe
When he learned of Rizal’s predicament, he
kindly agreed to postponed the tour and instead,
advanced some money so that the novel could
be printed
1887
First edition of Noli Me Tangere was printed in
Berlin
[Link] cost of printing (advance by Viola) for
2000 copies

MARCH 29,1887
Rizal gave the Galley Proofs of the Noli
A significant date for it was the date when the
Noli Me Tangere came off the press

NOLI ME TANGERE- a latin phrase which means

“Touch me not”, from the bible
MARCH 1887
Rizal writing to Felix R. Hidalgo in french
“Noli Me Tangere” words taken from the gospel
of [Link]
Rizal made a mistake. It should be the gospel
of St. John, on the first Easter Sunday St.
John(chapter 20:13-17)

[Link] MAGDALENE- visited the Holy

Sepulchre, and to her our Lord Jesus, just
arisen from the dead
The author’s dedication. Rizal
dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to the
Philippines “to my country” his
dedication runs as follows:
• Recorded in the history of human
sufferings is a cancer so malignant a
character that the least touch irritates
it and awakens in it the sharpest
pains. Thus, how many times, when
in the midst of modern civilization i
have wished to call thee before me,
now to accompany me in memories
Now to compare thee with other
countries, hath thy dear image
presented itself showing a social
cancer like a to that other!
 desiring thy welfare which our own,
an seeking the best treatments, i will
do with thee what the ancient did with
their seek exposing them on the steps
of the temple so that everyone who
came to invoke the divinity might ofer
them a remedy.
 and to this end, i will strive to
reproduce thy condition faithfully,
without discrimination, i will raise a
part of the veil that covers the evil,
sacrificing to truth everything, even
vanity itself. Since, as thy son i am
conscious that i also suffer from thy
defects and weaknesses.
NOLI ME TANGERE
Contains 63 chapters and an epilogue
It begins the reception given by Captain Tiago
(Santiago De Los Santos) at his house in Calle
Anloague ( Now Juan Luna Street) on the last
day of October

CRISOSTOMO IBARRA
A young and rich Filipino who had just turn after
7 years of study in Europe
 The reception or dinner was given in honor of
Crisostomo
Was only son of Don Rafael Ibarra

DON RAFAEL IBARRA

Friend of CapitanTiago and fiance of beautiful
Maria Clara supposed daugther of Capitan
Tiago

GUEST DURING RECEPTION

1. Padre Damaso- a Franciscan Friar who had
been priest of San Diego( Calamba), Ibarra’s
native town for 20 years
2. Padre Sibyla- a young dominican parish priest of
Binondo
3. Senor Guevara- an elderly and kind lieutenant of
the GuardiaCivil

DON TIBURCIO de ESPADANA- a bogus Spanish

Physician , lame, and henpecked husband of
Dona Victorina and several ladies.

PADRE DAMASO- was in a bad mood because he

got a bony neck and hard wing of the chicken
Tinola.
- he tried to discredit Ibarra’s remarks.
=AFTER DINNER=
Ibarra
Left captain Tiago’s house to return to his hotel.
On the way, the kind lieutenant Guevarra told him
the sad story of his father’s death in San Diego.
 Don Rafael – his father, was a rich and brave
man.
He defended a helpless boy from the brutality of a
illiterate Spanish tax collector, pushing the latter
and accidentally killing him.
He was thrown in prison, where he died unhappily.
He was buried in consecrated ground
but his enemies, accusing him of being a
heretic, had his body removed from the
cemetery.

On hearing his father’s sad story, Ibarra

thanked the kind Spanish lieutenant and
vowed to find out the truth about his
father’s death.
=THE FOLLOWING
MORNING=
Ibarra, visited Maria Clara, his childhood
sweetheart
 Maria Clara teasingly said that he had forgotten
her because the girls in Germany were beautiful,
then Ibarra replied that he had never forgotten her.
After the romantic reunion with Maria Clara, Ibarra
went to San Diego to visit his father’s grave. It was
All Saint’s Day..at the cemetery, the grave –
digger told Ibarra that the corpse of Don Rafael
was removed by order of the parish priest to be
buried in the Chinese cemetery.
 But the corpse was heavy and it was a dark rainy
night so that he simply threw the corpse into the
lake.
 Ibarra was angered by the grave-diggers story. He
left the cemetery.
On the way, he met Padre Salvi Franciscan parish
priest of San Diego.
In a flash, Ibarra pounced on the priest , demanding
redness for desecrating his father’s mortal remains.

PADRE SALVI- told him that he had nothing to do with

it, for he was not the parish priest at the time of Don
Rafael’s death.
It was Padre Damaso, his predecessor, who was
responsible for it. Convinced of Padre Salvi’s
innosence, Ibarra went away.

In his town, Ibarra met several interesting people,

such as the wise old man Tasio the Sage, whose
ideas were too advanced for his times so that the
people, who could not understand him, called him
“Tasio the Lunatic”.

The progressive school teacher, who complied to

Ibarra that the children were losing interest in thier
studies because of lack f a proper schoolhouse and
discouraging attitude of the parish priest toward
teaching of Spanish and the use of modern method
of PEDAGOGY.
 The spineless gobernadorcillo, who catered to
wishes of the Spanish priest:
1. Don Filipo Lino- the teniente mayor and
leader of the liberal function in the town.
2. Don Melchor- the captain of the
cuadrilleros(town police).

Former Gobernadorcillo who were prominent

citizens:
3. Don Basilio
4. Don Valentin
 Most tragic story in the novel is the tale of
Sisa, who was formerly a rich girl but became
poor because when she married a gambler.

SISA- became crazy because she lost her two

boys.
BASILIIO AND CRISPIN- only joys of her wretched
life. These boys were sacristans(sextons) in the
church, working for a small wage to support their
poor mother.

CRISPIN- the younger of the two brothers, was

accused by the brutal sacristan mayor(chief
tortured) in the convent and died.
BASILIO- with his brother’s dying cries ringing in
his ears, escaped.
 when the two boys did not return home, Sisa
looked
for them everywhere and in her great sorrow,
she became mad.
 Capitan Tiago’s cousin who took care of
Maria Clara, after her mother’s death arrived
in San Diego.
 Ibarra and his friends gave picnic, were Maria
Clara and her four girl friends.
The Merry Sinang
The Grave Victoria
The Beautiful Iday
The Thoughtful Neneng
AUNT ISABEL- chaperon of Maria Clara
CAPITANA TIKA- mother of Sinang
ADENG- foster-sister of Maria Clara
ALBINO- the ex-theological student who was in
love with Sinang and Ibarra and his Friends.
ELIAS- one of boatmen was a strong silent,
pleasant youth.

 An accident of the picnic was the saving of Elias

life by Ibarra.
ELIAS- bravely grappled with the crocodile which
was caught in the fish corral, but crocodile
struggled furiously so that Elias could not subdue
it.
Ibarra jumped into the water and killed the
crocodile, thereby saving Elias.
Another accident, which preceded the above-
mentioned neat-tragic culture incident, was the
rendering of a beautiful song by Maria Clara who
had a sweet voice. Upon the insistent request of
her friends, she played the sharp and sang.

The Song of Maria Clara

“Sweet are the hours in one’s native land,
Where all is dear the sunbeams bless;
Life-giving breezes sweep he strand.
 And death is softened by Love’s cares
“Warm kisses play on mother Lip’s,
On her fond, tender breast awakening;
When round her neck the soft arm slips.
And bright eyes smile, all love partaking
“Sweet is death for one’s native land,
Where all is dear the sunbeans bless:
AFTER MARIA CLARA’S SONG AND THE
CROCODILE INCIDENT, THEY WENT A
SHORE THEY MADE MERRY IN THE
COOL,WOODED MEADOWS.
Padre Salvi
Capitan Basilio(former gobernadorcillo and
Sinang’s father)
Alferez(lieutenant of guardia civil)
Town officials were present

THE MEAL OVER

Ibarra and Capitan Basilio played chess.
Maria Clara and friends played the “Wheel of
Chance”(game based on a fortune telling
book).
 AFTER A SEARGENT AND FOUR SOLDIERS
OF THE GUARDIA CIVIL SUDDENLY
ARRIVED, LOOKING FOR ELIAS, WHO HAS
HUNTED FOR
1. Assaulting Padre Damaso
2. Throwing the Alferez into the mud hole.

Fortunately, Elias has disappeared and the

Guardia civil went away empty handed. During
the picnic also, Ibarra received a telegram from
the Spanish authorities notifying him of the
approval of his donation of a schoolhouse for
the children of San Diego.
 The next day Ibarra visited old Tasio to consult
him on his pet project about the schoolhouse.
He sar the old man’s writings were written in
heiroglyphics.

Tasio explained to him that he wrote

hieroglyphics because he was writing for the
future generations who would understand them
and say: NOT ALL WERE ASLEEP IN THE
NIGHT OF OUR ANCESTORS.

NOR JUAN- an architect continued the

construction of school house.
 San Diego was preparing for its annual fiesta, in
Honor of its patron saint San Diego de Alcala
who’s feast day is the 11the of November.

On the eve of the fiesta, hundreds of visitors

arrived from nearby towns, and there were
laughter, music, exploding bombs, feasting and
moro-moro.

The music was furnished by:

1. 5 brass bands(including the famous Pagsanjan
Band owned by escribano Miguel Guevarra.)
2. 3 orchestras
In the morning of the fiesta there was a high
mass in the church; officiated by Padre Salvi.

Padre Damaso gave the long sermon, in which

he expatiated on the evils of the times that were
caused by certain men who having tested same
education.

After Padre Damaso’s sermon, the mass was

continued by Padre Salvi. Elias quietly moved
Ibarra, who was kneeling and praying my Maria
Clara’s side, and warned him to be careful
during the ceremony of the lying of the
cornerstone of the school house because there
is a plot to kill him.
Elias- suspected that the yellowish man built the
derrick, was a paid stooge Ibarra’s enemies.

True to his suspicion , later in the day when

Ibarra in the presence of a big crowd, went down
into trench to cement the cornerstone, the
derrick collapse.

Elias quick as a flash pushed him aside, saving

his life. the yellowish man was the one crushed
to death by the shattered derrick.
 At the dinner that night. The arrogant Padre
Damaso, speaking in the presence of many
guest, insulted the memory of Ibarra’s father.
Ibarra jumped from his seat, knocked down the
fat friar with his first and then seized with sharp
knife. He would killed the friar, were it not far the
timely intervention of Maria Clara.

Ibarra’s attack on Padre Damaso produced 2

results:
1. His engagement to Maria Clara was broken.
2. He was excommunicated.
=THE FIESTA OVER=
MARIA CLARA- became ill
- treated by the quack physician
“Tiborcio de Espadana”.

DOCTORA DONA VICTORINA de LAS REYES De

ESPADANA
 Wife of Tiburcio de Espadana
 A vain, frustrated native woman
 A frequent visitor on Capitan Tiago’s house
 Had halucinations of being superior Castilica.
 She looked down on her own people as inferior
being.
 She added another “de” to her husband to
become more spanish.

DON ALFONSO LINARES DE ESPADANA

cousin of Don Tiburcio de Espadana
Godson of Padre Damaso’s brother in law.

A touch of comedy in the novel was the fight bet.

1. Dona consolacion- the vulgar mistress of the
Spanish alferez
2. Dona Victorina- flam-boyantly dresses wife of a
henpecked Spanish quack doctor.

STORY OF ELIAS
Tale of pathos and tragedy
He related it to Ibarra

 Some 60 years ago his grandfather

 His grandfather who was a young bookkeeper
in a Spanish commercial firm in Manila.
 Was wrongly accused of burning the firm’s
warehouse.
 Was a plogged in public and was left in the
street, crippled and almost dead.

 His wife
 Who was pregnant
 Begged for alms
 Become a prostitute in order to support his sick
husband and son.

 After giving birth to her second and the death of

her husband, she fled with her two sons to the
mountain.
=YEARS LATER=
 FIRST BOY
• Became a dreaded tulisan named Balat.
• He terrorized the provinces.
• His head was cut off and was hung from the tree
branch in the forest.

 YOUNG BROTHER
Who was by nature kind-hearted.
Fled and became a trusted laborer in the house
of a rich man in Tayabas.
He fell in love with the Master daughter.
 Unfortunate lover(Elias Father)
 Was sent to jail while the girl gave birth to twins a
boy(Elias) and a girl.

 Elias
 Educated in the Jesuit College in Manila

 His sister
 studied in La Concordia College
 They lived happily until one day, over money
matters; distant relatives exposed their shame
full birth. They were disgraced. An old male
servant whom they used to abuse, was forced to
testify in court and the truth came out that he
was their real father.

 Elias and his sister left Tayabas to hide their

shame in another place. One day his sister
disappeared. Elias roamed from place to place
looking for her. He heard later that a girl
answering to his sister’s description, was found
on the beach of San Diego.
Elias, learning of Ibarra’s arrest, burned all
papers that might incriminate his friends and set
Ibarra’s house on fire. Then he went to prison
and helped Ibarra escape. He and Ibarra
jumped into a BANCA loaded with ZACATE
(grass). Ibarra stopped to Capitan Tiago to say
goodbye to Maria Clara.

After bidding Maria Clara farewell, Ibarra

returned to the Banca . He and Elias paddled
up the Pasig river toward Laguna de Bay. A
police boat with the Guardia civil on board. Elias
told Ibarra to hide under zacate.
Elias jumped into the water and swam swiftly
toward the shore. He diverted the attention of the
soldiers on his person giving Ibarra a chance to
escape.

Elias seriously wounded, reached he shore and

went into the forest. He met a boy Basilio,
weeping over his mother’s body. He told Basilio
to make a pyre on which their bodies were to
burned to ashes.
 It was Christmas eve and the moon gleamed
softly in the sky. Basilio prepared the funeral
pyre. Elias looked toward the east and
murmured “I die with out seeing the dawn
brighten over my native land. You who have
it to see, welcome it and forget not those
who have fallen during the night.”

 The novel was an epilogue which recounts

what happened to the other characters.

 Maria Clara-entered the Santa Clara nunnery

 Padre Salvi- left parish San Diego and
became a chaplain of the nunnery.
 Padre Damaso- transferred to remote province
but he was found dead in his bedroom.
 Capitan Tiago- became an opium addict and a
human wreck.
 Dona Victorina- still henpecking poor Don
Tiburcio.
- wearing eye glass because weakening
eyesight.
 Linares- died of dysentery.
-buried in Paco cemetery.
 Alferez- was promoted Major.
-he returned to Spain
-leaving his shabby mistress Dona
Consolacion
 =THE NOVEL ENDS WITH MARIA
CLARA, UNHAPPY IN STA CLARA
[Link] LOST IN THE
WORLD.=

(Noli based on truth)

Noli ME TANGERE
 True story of Philippine conditions during the last
decades of Spanish rule.
 Places, character and situation really exist.
=THE CHARACTERS=
MARIA CLARA- was Leonor Rivera
IBARRA and ELIAS- represented Rizal himself
TASIO the SAGE- was his elder brother
(Paciano).
PADRE SALVI- identified by Rizalist as Padre
Antonio Piernavieja.
CAPITAN TIAGO- was Capitan Hilario Sunico of
San Nicholas.
DONA VICTORINA- was Dona Agustina Medel
BASILIO and CRISPIN- were Crisostomo brother
of Hogonoy.
PADRE DAMASO- was typical of a domineering
friar during the days of Rizal, who was arrogant,
supercilious and Anti-Filipino.

RIZAL FRIENDS PRAISE THE NOLI

Friends of Rizal hailed the novel, praising it in
glowing colors. Rizal anticipated the vitriolic attacks
of his enemies, who were sore to be told the truth
of the evil ways.
In Rizal own words. The government and the friars
will probably attacking on the work, refusing the
statement, but the trust in the God of Truth and in
the persons who have actually seen our sufferings.
=COPIES OF NOLI WERE SENT BY
RIZAL TO...=

Blumentritt
Regidor
Hidalgo
Mariano Ponce
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Aguirre
=MORE COPIES WERE CRATED
AND SENT TO...=

BARCELONA
MADRID
HONGKONG
CHAPTER IX “ELIAS
AND SALOME”
THE MISSING
CHAPTER
OF THE NOLI
Few people know that there is a
missing chapter in the printed Noli
Me Tangere, this chapter was
included in the original
manuscript, written in Rizal’s own
handwriting
However, it was crossed out in
blue pencil so that it was deleted
from the printed novel.
 WHY RIZAL
DELETES THE
CHAPTER?
 It should be recalled that Rizal was in dire
financial situation in Berlin during the days
when he was putting the finishing touches
to the Noli.
 He knew that the cost of printing is in
proportion with the number of pages of
the manuscript.
 Accordingly, he rewrote several chapters
making them more compact so that he
could economize on the number of pages.
 He deleted one whole chapter without
destroying the story of the novel and this
chapter was “Elias and Salome”
 ECONOMIC was the only reason why this
particular chapter was deleted.
 Elias was adversely affected. It seems that
Rizal considered Ibarra a more important
character although Elias was nobler.
 He even killed Elias in the novel and let
Ibarra live. Later, he repented having killed
Elias.
 He wrote “im sorry i have killed Elias instead
of Crisostomo Ibarra .
 But when Rizal wrote the Noli his health was
very bad and he never believe that he could
wrote the continuation and talk about
revolution.
 He have preserve the life of Elias a
nobler character, a patriot, unselfish
and self-sacrificing, the necessary
qualities for a man to lead a revolution.
 Crisostomo Ibarra was an egoist who
decided to provoke a rebellion only
when he was injured through his
property, his person, his love and all
that he held sacred. Success cannot be
expected for the enterprise of a man
like that.
SYNOPSIS
OF THE
MISSING
CHAPTER
In a nipa hut by the placid lake, Salome a
winsome girl in her early teens sat on the
bamboo batalan sewing a camesa of
bright colors. She was waiting for Elias to
arrived. She was beautiful “like the
flowerets that grow wild not attracting
attention at first glance but whose beauty
is revealed when we examined them
carefully”. When she heard footsteps, she
laid aside her sewing, went to the
bamboo stair way.
 Salome noticed her lover was sad and
Pensive. She tried to console him; asking about
the girls @ the picnic which the Guardia Civil
soldiers disturbed looking for him. Elias told her
that there were many beautiful girls among
whom was Maria Clara, the sweetheart of a rich
young man who just came from Europe.

Afterwards, the young man rose preparing

to leave, speaking in a soft voice, he said
“Good-bye, Salome, The sun is setting and it
won’t appear good for the people to know that
night over took me here”.
Salome was crying, for soon she would leave this
house where she grew up. She explained :” It is
not right for me to live alone. I’ll go to live with my
relatives in Mindoro. Soon I’ll be able to pay the
debt my mother left me when she died...to give up
this house in which one was born and has grown
up is something more than giving up one’s being.
A typhoon will come , a freshet and everything will
go to the lake”.

Elias remained silent for a moment, then he held

her hands, and asked her: “Have you heard
anyone speak ill of you? Have I sometimes
worried you? Not that either? Then you are tired
with my friendship & want to drive me away.”
 Salome answered: “No, don’t talk like
that. I am not tired of your friendship.
God knows that I am satisfied with my lot.
I only desire health that I may work. I
don’t envy the rich, the wealthy, but...
“But what?”
“Nothing. I don’t envy them as long as I
have your friendship”
.....Then they have conversation. Then
Elias said to Salome “Forget me, Forget
a love so mad & futile. Perhaps you’ll
meet there one who is not like me”
“ Elias , exclaimed the girl reproachfully.”
“ You have misunderstood me; I speak to
you as I would speak to my sister if she
were alive; in my words there is not a
single complaint against you. Take my
advice, go home to your relatives. Here
you have no one but me, & the day when
I fall into the hands with my pursuers, you
will be left alone for the rest of you life.
improve your youth & beauty to get a
good husband, such as you deserve for
you don’t know what it is to live among
men”
Salome was thinking that Elias go with her.
Elias then narrated what happened
earlier @ the picnic that morning; how he
was saved by Ibarra from the jaws of a
crocodile. To show his gratitude, he
vowed to repay the good deed done by
Ibarra to the extend with sacrificing his
life. He explained that anywhere he would
go, even to Mindoro, the past would still
be discovered, sooner or later.
“Well then”, Salome said, looking @ him
tenderly: at least when I’m gone, live
here, stay in the house. It will make you
remember me; and I will not think in that
 distant land that the hurricane had
carried my hunt to the lake. When my
thoughts turns to these shores. The
memory of you and of my house will
appear to me together. Sleep where I
have slept & dream it will be as
though I were beside you.
“Oh” exclaimed Elias, waving his hand
in desperation, “Woman, you’ll make
me forget.”
 After disengaging himself from her
tender embrace, he left with a heavy
heart, following the shadows of somber
tree in the twilight. She followed her with
her gazed, listening sadly to the fading
footsteps in the gathering darkness.

------------------------oOo--------------------------
CHAPTER X
RIZAL'S TOUR OF
EUROPE WITH VIOLA
1887
THE TOUR BEGINS....

At dawn of May 11,1887, Rizal and

Viola left Berlin by train.
Ideal season for travel, spring was in
the air and all over Europe the
flowers were blooming, the
meadows were turning green and
the villages were humming with
activity.
Their destination was “DRESDEN”
one of the best cities in Germany.
DRESDEN....
They visited the regional floral exposition. Rizal
was interested in botany, studied the numerous
plant varieties of extraordinary beauty and size.
They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, who overjoyed
to see them in the museum of art, which they also
visited.
Rizal was very impressed by a painting of
“PROMETHEUS BOUND” and recall seeing a
representation of the same idea.
Dr. Jagor, heard the plan of Rizal and Viola to visit
LEITMERITZ,in order to see Blumentritt.
 Dr. Jagor advised them to wire Blumentritt of
their coming because the old professor was of
a nervous disposition and might suffer a shock.

TRESCHEN....(ZECHOSLOVAKIA)
Their next stop-over after leaving Dresden
Rizal and Viola sent a wire to Blumentritt, as
suggestion of Dr. Jagor.
FIRST MEETING WITH
BLUMETRITT
At 1:30 pm of May 13,1887 they arrived at the railroad
station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia.

Professor Blumentritt had received the wire and he

was at the station. He was carrying a pencil sketch of
Rizal that he sent to him, so that he could identify his
Filipino friend. He warmly received Rizal and Viola.

Blumentritt was kind-hearted, old Austrian professor.

He immediately took Rizal into his heart loving him as a

son. He was a genial Host, he help Rizal and Viola to
get a room at hotel KREBS then he brought them into
his home
And introduce to them his wife and they stayed in
the Leitmeritz from MAY 13-17, 1887

BEAUTIFUL MEMORIES OF LEITMERITZ

He enjoyed the warm hospitality of the Blumentritt

family.
The professor’s wife Rosa was a good looking as
she prepared a special Austrian dishes. His
children was Dolores called Dorita by Rizal,
Conrad, and Fritz. Blumentritt proved to be a great
tourist guide as well as hospitable host.
One afternoon he invited them to a beer garden
were the best beer of Bohemia was served.
At the near table there was a lively discussions
among drinkers and one of the men in the group
was BurgoMaster “town mayor”.
Rizal met burgomaster and Rizal talked to him in
fluent German were burgomaster and his friends
were amazed.
It took 11 months for Rizal to learn to speak
German were he applauded with his privileged
talent.
He met renowned scientist of Europe
[Link] was a polish scholar and also a
Professor KLUTSCHAK, and eminent
naturalist. Rizal and Viola reciprocate
On their last night Blumentritt hospitality.
 May 17 @ 9:45am Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz
by train .

PRAGUE.....
They carried letter of recommendation from
Blumentritt to [Link], a professor of
natural history in the University of Prague.
Rizal and Viola visited the tomb of Copernicus,
the famous astronomer; the museum of the
natural history; the bacteriological laboratories;
the famous cave where San Juan Nepomuceno,
the catholic saint was imprisoned.
VIENNA....
On May 20, Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful
city of Vienna, capital of Austria- Hungry.
Vienna was truly the “Queen of the Danube”.
Rizal and Viola met Norfenfals, one of the
greatest novelist in Europe.
They visited the Cities interesting places such as
Churches, museum, art galleries, theater and
public parks.
They met the 2 good friends of Blumentritt namely
Masner and Nordman Austrian scholars.
DANUBIAN VOYAGE TO
LINTZ...
May 25,Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river boat
to see the beautiful sights of Danube river.
The passengers on the river boat were using
paper napkins during the meals.

FROM LINTZ TO RHEINFALL....

They travelled over land to SALZBURG, and from
their to MUNICH.
FROM MUNICH TO NUREMBERG....
Nuremberg is one of the oldest cities of
Germany.
They saw the horrible torture machines used
by the inquisition.
They were impressed by the manufacture of
dolls which was the biggest industry of the
city.

ULM....
After Munich they visited Ulm.
The cathedral of this city was “The largest and
the tallest in all Germany”.
 From Ulm to Stuttgart,Baden and then Rheinfall.
At rheinfall they saw the waterfall the most
beautiful waterfall in Europe.

CROSSING THE FRONTIER TO

SWITZERLAND...
From Rheinfall, the crossed the frontier to
SCHAFFHAUSEN, Switzerland.
They stayed in the city from June 2-3,1887.
They continued the tour to BASSEL,BERN and
LAUSANNE.
GENEVA....
This Swiss city is one of the most beautiful cities in
Europe.
People of Geneva were linguists, speaking French,
German and Italian.
Rizal and Viola went boating in the lake.

On JUNE 19,1887
Rizal treated Viola to a blowout because it was his
26th birthday
According to a Filipino custom he gave a nice meal
to celebrate his Natal day.
JUNE 23
They parted ways------Viola returned to
Barcelona while Rizal continued his tour to Italy.

ITALY....
He visited to Turin, Milan, Venice and Florence.
June 27,1887 he reached Rome “The City of
Ceasars”.

JUNE29,1887
The Feast day of St. Peter and [Link] that Rizal
visited for the first time The Vatican “The city of
the POPES”.
And the capital of Christendom.
He was deeply impressed by the magnificent
edifices, particularly St. Peter’s Church, the
rare works of art, the vast [Link]’s square,
the colourful papal guards.

AFTER A WEEK of wonderful sojourn in Rome

he prepared to return to the Philippines ad he
already written to his father that he was coming
home.
THANK YOU!

Group 3 OUT…