DEPARTMENT OF Civil
SEMESTER : 5
ENGINEERING
TH
SUBJECT : APPLIED HYDRAULICS
CHAPTER : [1] DYNAMICS O FLUID FLOW
TOPIC : [1.3] THE MOMENT OF MOMENTUM EQUATION
PRESENTED BY: MR. VIKAS GORE
1.4 Moment of Momentum Equation
•Moment
of momentum equation is derived from moment of
momentum principle which states that “the resulting torque acting on
a rotating fluid is equal to the rate of change of moment of
momentum”.
Let V1 = Velocity of fluid at section 1,
r1 = radius of curvature at section 1,
Q = rate of flow fluid.
= Density of fluid.
And V2 and r2 = velocity and radius of curvature at section 2
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
•Momentum
of fluid at section 1 = mass X Velocity
Moment of momentum per second at section 1,
--------------------- (1.12)
Similarly, moment of momentum per second at section 2,
Rate of change of moment of momentum
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
•According
to moment of momentum principle
Resultant torque = rate of change of moment of momentum
------------ (1.13)
Equation (1.13) is known as moment of momentum equation.
This equation is applied:
1. For analysis of flow problems in turbines and centrifugal pumps.
2. For finding torque exerted by water on sprinkler.
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
•Problem
(1.2) A lawn sprinkler shown in fig. has 0.8 cm
diameter nozzle at the end of a rotating arm and discharges water at
the rate of 10 m/s velocity. Determine the torque required to hold the
rotating arm stationary. Also determine the constant speed of
rotation of the arm, if free to rotate.
Solution.
Diameter of each nozzle = D = 0.8 cm = 0.008 m
Velocity of flow at each nozzle = 10 m/s
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
•Discharge
through each nozzle,
Q = Area X Velocity
= 0.00005026 X 10
= 0.0002026 m3/s
Torque exerted by water coming through nozzle A on the sprinkler =
moment of momentum of water through A
Torque exerted by water coming through nozzle B on the sprinkler
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
• Total torque exerted by water on sprinkler
Torque required to hold the rotating arm stationary = Torque exerted by
water on sprinkler
= 2.26 Nm.
Speed of rotation of arm, if free to rotate
Let = speed of rotation of the sprinkler
The absolute velocity of flow of water at the nozzles A and b are
and
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
•Torque
exerted by water coming out at A, on sprinkler
Torque exerted by water coming out at A, on sprinkler
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
•Since
moment of momentum of the flow entering is zero and no
external torque is applied on sprinkler, so the resultant torque on the
sprinkler must be zero.
And
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
Problems (1.4): A lawn sprinkler has two nozzles of diameter 10 mm
each at the end of a rotating arm and the velocity of flow of water from
each nozzle is 12 m/sec. One nozzle discharges water in the
downward direction, while the other nozzle discharges water vertically
up. The nozzles are at distance of 42 cm from the center of the rotating
arm. Determine the torque required to hold the rotating arm stationary.
Also determine the constant speed of rotation of arm, if it is free to
rotate.
•Solution:
Diameter of each nozzle = D = 10 mm = 0.010 m
Velocity of flow at each nozzle = 12 m/s
Discharge through each nozzle,
Q = Area X Velocity
= 0.0009425 m3/s
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
•Torque
exerted by water coming through nozzle A on the sprinkler =
moment of momentum of water through A
Torque exerted by water coming through nozzle B on the sprinkler
Total torque exerted by water on sprinkler
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
• Torque required to hold the rotating arm stationary = Torque
exerted by water on sprinkler = 9.5004 Nm.
Speed of rotation of arm, if free to rotate
Let = speed of rotation of the sprinkler
The absolute velocity of flow of water at the nozzles A and b are
and
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID
FLOW
•Torque
exerted by water coming out at A, on sprinkler
Torque exerted by water coming out at A, on sprinkler
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
•Since
moment of momentum of the flow entering is zero and no
external torque is applied on sprinkler, so the resultant torque on the
sprinkler must be zero.
And
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
THANK YOU
ARMIET/CE/SEM-5/AH/DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW
