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Programming Loops: While, Do-While, For

This document provides an introduction to various programming concepts including while loops, do-while loops, for loops, relational operators, and increment/decrement operators. It includes syntax examples and sample code to calculate multiplication tables using for loops. Key points covered are: - While loops execute zero or more times, do-while loops execute one or more times - For loops allow initialization, termination, and increment conditions to be specified - Examples show using for loops to output multiplication tables - Increment/decrement, compound assignment, and remainder operators are introduced

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100 views28 pages

Programming Loops: While, Do-While, For

This document provides an introduction to various programming concepts including while loops, do-while loops, for loops, relational operators, and increment/decrement operators. It includes syntax examples and sample code to calculate multiplication tables using for loops. Key points covered are: - While loops execute zero or more times, do-while loops execute one or more times - For loops allow initialization, termination, and increment conditions to be specified - Examples show using for loops to output multiplication tables - Increment/decrement, compound assignment, and remainder operators are introduced

Uploaded by

api-3701035
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction to Programming

while loop
while (condition)
{
statements;
:
}
statements;
While loop executes zero
or more times. What if we
want the loop to execute
at least one time?
do-while
Do while loop execute on
or more times
Syntax of do-while loop
do
{
statements ;

}
while ( condition ) ;
Example-Guessing game
char c ;
int tryNum = 1 ;
do
{
cout << "Please enter your guess by pressing a character key from a to z “ ;
cin >> c ;
if ( c == 'z‘ )
{
cout << "Congratulations! you guessed the right answer“ ;
tryNum = 6 ;
}
else
tryNum = tryNum + 1 ;
} while ( tryNum <= 5 ) ;
Flow chart for do-while loop

Do-while

Process

false
condition Exit

true
Relational Operators
char c ;
int tryNum , maxTries ;
tryNum = 1 ;
maxTries = 5 ;
cout << "Guess the alphabet between a to z “ ;
cin >> c ;
while ( ( tryNum <= maxTries ) && ( c! = ‘z‘ ) )
{
cout << "Guess the alphabet between a to z “ ;
cin >> c ;
tryNum = tryNum + 1 ;
}
for Loop
For loop

for ( initialization condition ; termination condition ; increment condition )


{
statement ( s ) ;
}
Example
int counter ;
for( counter = 0 ; counter < 10 ; counter = counter + 1 )
cout << counter;

Output
0123456789
Table for 2
2x1=2
2x2=4
2x3=6
:
:
2 x 10 = 20
Example - Calculate Table for 2

#include <iostream.h>
main ( )
{
int counter ;
for ( counter = 1 ; counter <= 10 ; counter = counter + 1 )
{
cout << "2 x " << counter << " = " << 2* counter << "\n“ ;
}
}
Output
2 x1 = 2
2x2=4
2x3=6
:
:
2 x 10 = 20
Flow chart for the ‘Table’ example
Start

counter=1

While

No Exit
counter <=10?

yes

Print 2*counter

Counter =
counter + 1

Stop
Example: Calculate Table- Enhanced

#include <iostream.h>
main ( )
{
int number ;
int maxMultiplier ;
int counter ;
maxMultiplier = 10 ;
cout << " Please enter the number for which you wish to construct the table “ ;
cin >> number ;
for ( counter = 1 ; counter <= maxMultiplier ; counter = counter + 1 )
{
cout << number <<" x " << counter<< " = " << number * counter << "\n“ ;
}
}
Always think re-use
Don’t use explicit constants
Increment operator
++
counter ++ ;
same as
counter = counter + 1;
Decrement operator
--

counter -- ;
same as
counter = counter - 1
+=
counter += 3 ;
same as
counter = counter + 3 ;
-=
counter -= 5 ;
same as
counter = counter – 5 ;
*=
x*=2
x=x*2
/=
x /= 2

x=x/2
Compound Assignment
Operators

operator=
%=
x %= 2 ;
same as
x=x%2;
Comments
Write comment at the top program
to show what it does
Write comments that mean some
thing
In today’s lecture
Do - while
– Executes the code at least ones
For loop
– Executes at least zero times
Short hand operators
– Incrementing
– Decrementing
Compound assignment operator

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