Operating System
.serial processing
.Batch processing
.Multiprogramming
Name: Saima Kosser
ROll no:02-MCA-2024
Serial Processing
Serial Processing: The Serial Processing Operating
Systems are those which Performs all the instructions
into a Sequence Manner or the Instructions those are
given by the user will be executed by using the
FIFO Manner means First in First Out.
All the Instructions those are Entered First in the
System will be Executed First and the Instructions
those are Entered Later Will be Executed Later. For
Running the Instructions the Program Counter is
used which is used for Executing all the
Instructions.
In this the Program Counter will determine which instruction is
going to Execute and the which instruction will be Execute after
this. Mainly the Punch Cards are used for this. In this all the Jobs
are firstly Prepared and Stored on the Card and after that
card will be entered in the System and after that all the
Instructions will be executed one by One. But the Main Problem
is that a user doesn’t interact with the System while he is
working on the System, means the user can’t be able to enter the
data for Execution.
Batch Processing
Batch Processing: The Batch Processing is same
as the Serial Processing Technique. But in the
Batch Processing Similar Types of jobs are Firstly
Prepared and they are Stored on the Card. and that
card will be Submit to the System for the Processing.
The System then Perform all the Operations on the
Instructions one by one. And a user can’t be Able
to specify any input. And Operating System wills
increments his Program Counter for Executing the
Next Instruction.
The Main Problem is that the Jobs those are prepared for
Execution must be the Same Type and if a job requires for any
type of Input then this will not be Possible for the user. And Many
Time will be wasted for Preparing the Batch.
The Batch Contains the Jobs and all those jobs will be executed
without the user Intervention. And Operating System will use
the LOAD and RUN Operation. This will first LOAD the Job
from the Card and after that he will execute the
instructions. By using the RUN Command.
Batch-processing OS,
1. Firstly, user prepares his job using punch cards.
2. Then, he submits the job to the computer operator.
3. Operator collects the jobs from different users and sort the jobs into batches with
similar needs.
4. Then, operator submits the batches to the processor one by one.
5. All the jobs of one batch are executed together.
- Priorities cannot be set, if a job comes with some higher priority.
- May lead to starvation. (A batch may take more time to complete)
- CPU may become idle in case of I/O operations.
Multiprogramming
increases CPU utilization by keeping multiple jobs
(code and data) in the memory so that the CPU
always has one to execute in case some job gets
busy with I/O.
- Single CPU
- Context switching for processes.
- Switch happens when current process goes to
wait state.
- CPU idle time reduced.
Multi-Programming
Multi-Programming: As we know that in the
Batch Processing System there are multiple jobs
Execute by the System. The System first prepare
a batch and after that he will Execute all the jobs
those are Stored into the Batch. But the Main
Problem is that if a process or job requires an
Input and Output Operation, then it is not possible
and second there will be the wastage of the Time
when we are preparing the batch and the
CPU will remain idle at that Time.
But With the help of Multi programming we can Execute
Multiple Programs on the System at a Time and in the Multi-
programming the CPU will never get idle, because with the help of
Multi-Programming we can Execute Many Programs on the System
and When we are Working with the Program then we can also
Submit the Second or Another Program for Running and the CPU
will then Execute the Second Program after the completion of the
First Program. And in this we can also specify our Input means a
user can also interact with the System.
The Multi-programming Operating Systems never use any cards
because the Process is entered on the Spot by the user. But the
Operating System also uses the Process of Allocation and
De-allocation of the Memory Means he will provide the Memory
Space to all the Running and all the Waiting Processes. There must
be the Proper Management of all the Running Jobs.
Thank
You
