One
Main Topic III:
Past But Many
Histories
A. The First mass site in the Philippines
B. The two faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny
C. Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin
Objectives
1. To interpret historical events using
primary sources
2. To recognize the multiplicity of
interpretation that can be read from a
historical text
3. To identify the advantages and
disadvantages of employing critical
tools in interpreting historical events
A. The First According to Pigafetta, the first Mass was
Mass Site celebrated on March 31, 1521, an Easter
in the Sunday. Pigafetta referred to the venue as
“Mazaua.”
Philippines
Fr. Pedro de Valderrama
The First Mass Site in
the Philippines:
Limasawa or Masao?
A. The First Mass Site in
the Philippines
• Some says that the venue is the
island of Limasawa in Leyte.
• Others claimed that Pigafetta was
referring to Masao the community at
the mouth of Agusan River adjacent
to what is now the city of Butuan
The First Mass Site in the Philippines: Limasawa in
Leyte
LIMASAWA STRONG
POINTS
•In Pigafetta’s journal, he mentioned
that he sailed southbound, passing
Leyte Coast.
•From Homonhon (where they came
from) to Limasawa, the distance is
around 25 leagues (138.9 km).
According to historians, scholars, and
experts, the distance between
Homonhon and Limasawa fits well
with the account of Pigafetta.
LIMASAWA STRONG
POINTS
•Francisco Albo did not mention
anything about the site of the first
mass but he indicated in his
account that they planted a
cross on top of a mountain
where they can see three
islands; the west and southwest.
•Their route to Limasawa also
collaborated with Pigafetta’s
account.
The First Mass Site in the Philippines: Masao at the
city of Butuan
MASAO STRONG POINTS
•They found a map in 1734, called
the Murillo Velarde map. In that
map, it stated that Magellan and his
men went to Butuan before going
back to Limasawa and went to
Cebu.
MASAO STRONG POINTS
•In 1872, the Catholic Church
placed a marker on the site of
the first mass which was the
town of Magallanes, near Butuan
City.
MASAO STRONG POINTS
• they found an excavation of Balangay
(huge ships) which was used to
transport Filipino locals for worship
services.
FINALITY:
The National Historical
Institute (now the National
Historical Commission of
the Philippines) had to
make a decision regarding
the quincentennial
celebration (500 years of
Catholicism in the
Philippines). They declared
Limasawa as the site of the
first mass based on the
evidence they collected.
A. The First Mass Site in
the Philippines
1. Readings-Primary sources
Antonio Pigafetta. First Voyage
Around the World
Francisco Albo Logbook
2. Reading-Secondary sources
Bernad, Miguel A. Butuan or
Limasawa? The Site of the First
Mass in the Philippines: A
Reexamination of the Evidence.
Kinaadman: A Journal of Southern
Philippines, vol. III (1981)
• Two major events happened in 1872, first was
B. The Two Faces the 1872 Cavite Mutiny and the other was the
martyrdom of the three martyr priests in the
of the 1872 persons of Fathers Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos and
Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA). However, not all of us
Cavite Mutiny knew that there were different accounts in
reference to the said event.
The 1872 Cavite Mutiny
Cavite Mutiny, (January 20, 1872), brief uprising of
200 Filipino troops and workers at the Cavite arsenal.
The 1872 Cavite Mutiny
Srgt. Francisco La Madrid was a mestizo sergeant who
led the mutiny
The 1872 Cavite Mutiny
FILIPINO PERSPECTIVES
vs.
SPANISH PERSPECTIVES
FILIPINO
PERSPECTIVES
•It was written by Dr. Trinidad
H. Pardo de Tavera, a Filipino
scholar, scientist, and historical
researcher.
•The event was merely a
mutiny by Filipino soldiers and
workers at the Cavite Arsenal
in reaction to frustration
over Izquierdo's strict
policies.
SPANISH
PERSPECTIVES
•Written by Jose Montero y
Vidal, a Spanish historian.
•Vidal highlighted that the
mutiny was an attempt of the
Indios to overthrow the
Spanish government in the
Philippines.
The 1872 Cavite Mutiny
Mariano Gomes, José Burgos at Jacinto Zamora
1896 Philippine Revolution
1872 Cavite Munity Martyrdom of Noli Me Tangere 1896 Philippine
GomBurZa (1887) Revolution
El Filibusterismo
(1891)
Crisanto de los
Reyes Máximo
Inocencio
Enrique Paraíso
B. The Two Faces of
the 1872 Cavite
Mutiny
1. Readings- Primary sources
Montero y Vidal, Jose, “Spanish Version of the Cavite Mutiny
of 1872” in Gregorio F. Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary
Sources of Philippine History, Vol.7 (Manila: National Book
Store, 1990) 269-273
Izquierdo, Rafael, “ Official Report on the Cavite Mutiny” in
Gregorio F. Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary Sources of
Philippine History, Vol.7 (Manila: National Book Store, 1990)
281-286
Pardo de Tavera, Trinidad, “ Filipino Version of the Cavite
Mutiny” in Gregorio F. Zaide and Sonia Zaide, Documentary
Sources of Philippine History, Vol.7 (Manila: National Book
Store, 1990) 274-280
Plauchut, Edmund, The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the
Martyrdom of Gom-BurZa” in Gregorio F. Zaide and Sonia
Zaide, Documentary Sources of Philippine History, Vol.7
(Manila: National Book Store, 1990) 251-268
C. Cry of
Balintawak or
Pugadlawin?
• The controversy among
historians continues to the
present day. The “Cry of
Pugad Lawin” (August 23,
1896) cannot be accepted
as historically accurate. It
lacks positive
documentation and
supporting evidence from
the witness.
Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin
Different dates and
places where the cry
occurred
TEODORO KALAW
• Filipino historian
• According to him the Cry
of Rebellion happened in
Kangkong, Balintawak
• Last week of August 1896
SANTIAGO
ALVAREZ
• A Katipunero
• Son of Mariano Alvarez,
leader of the Magdiwang
faction in Cavite.
• According to him the Cry
of Rebellion occurred in
Bahay Toro in Quezon
City.
• On August 24, 1896
GREGORIO ZAIDE
• A former mayor of
Pagsanjan
• A historian
• Identified the Cry to
have happened in
Balintawak
• On August 26, 1896
GUILLERMO
MASANGKAY
• On August 26th, a big
meeting was held in
Balintawak at the
house of Apolonio
Samson
• Gregoria de Jesus
August 25, 1896
Pasong Tamo, Balintawak
• Julio Nakpil
August 24, 1896
Kangkong, Balintawak
TEODORO
AGONCILLO
• A Filipino historian
• According to him the
Cry of Rebellion
happened in Pugad
Lawin
• On August 23, 1896
PIO VALENZUELA
• A Katipunero
• Stated that the Cry
happened in Pugad
Lawin
• On August 23, 1896
Create a position paper linked to peace and conflicts of any subtopics under
Main Topic 3.
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