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Signals: Analog vs Digital Explained

Lecture 11 focuses on the concepts of signals in data communication, distinguishing between analog and digital signals. It explains periodic and aperiodic signals, with periodic signals repeating patterns over time and aperiodic signals changing constantly. The lecture also covers the characteristics of sine waves and provides suggested reading for further understanding.

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33 views22 pages

Signals: Analog vs Digital Explained

Lecture 11 focuses on the concepts of signals in data communication, distinguishing between analog and digital signals. It explains periodic and aperiodic signals, with periodic signals repeating patterns over time and aperiodic signals changing constantly. The lecture also covers the characteristics of sine waves and provides suggested reading for further understanding.

Uploaded by

khanyyasir40
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DATA

COMMUNICATION

Lecture-11
Recap of Lecture 10

 The OSI Model


 Functions of OSI Layers
 TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Overview of Lecture 11
 Signals
 Analog and Digital
 Analog and Digital Data & Signals
 Periodic & Aperiodic Signals
Signals
 Generally, the information is not in a form
that can be transmitted over a Link

 The binary digits must be converted into a


form that Transmission Medium can accept

 The data stream of 1s and 0s must be


turned into Signals
Analog
 ANALOG
– Refers to something that is Continuous

 CONTINUOUS
– A set of specific points of data and all
possible points between them
Digital
 DIGITAL
– Refers to something that is Discrete

 DISCRETE
– A set of specific points of data with no
points in between
Analog and Digital Data
 Analog Data
– Human Voice

 Digital Data
– Data stored in the memory of a
computer
Analog and Digital Signals
Periodic and Aperiodic
Signals
Signals
(Analog or Digital)

Periodic Aperiodic
Periodic Signals

A signal is called Periodic if it


completes a pattern within a
measurable time frame called a
Period and then repeats that pattern
over identical subsequent Periods
Periodic Signal Example
Aperiodic Signals

An Aperiodic or Non-Periodic signal is


the one that changes constantly
without exhibiting a pattern or cycle
that repeats over time
Aperiodic Signals
Analog Signals
 Analog signals can be classified into:

– Simple Analog Signal (Sine wave)

– Composite Analog Signal


Simple Analog Signal
(Sine Wave)
Simple Analog Signal
(Sine Wave)
 Sine waves can be fully described:

– Amplitude
– Period / Frequency
– Phase
Amplitude
Period and Frequency

T= 1 / f OR f=1 / T
Units of Period & Frequency

Seconds____Hertz
Milliseconds____Kilohertz
Microseconds____Megahertz
Nanoseconds____Gigahertz
Picoseconds____Terahertz
Summary
 Signals
 Analog and Digital
 Analog and Digital Data & Signals
 Periodic & Aperiodic Signals
 Sine Waves and its
Characteristics
Suggested Reading
 Section 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 “Data
Communications and Networking” 2nd
Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan
DATA
COMMUNICATION

Lecture-11

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