Energy – Light

Grade 6 alpha – science-physics unit work

By Shipra Jhindal
 Introduction to light
Definition: Light is a form of energy that affects our eyes to produce the
sensation of vision.
 Sources of light: -
• Natural source of light
• Artificial source of light(man-made)

Natural source of light – Artificial source of light –

The sun is the main natural source of At night when we don’t receive
light
light from the natural source we
A firefly or jugnu emits alight naturally use artificial source of light.
dues to certain chemicals present in its
body It is a man-made source of light.
Examples- meteors, stars Examples- fire, electrical bulb,
The moon is not a natural source of tube light, torch, kerosene lamp,
light, it reflects the light from the sun. burning candle, etc.
 Luminous and Non-luminous bodies
Luminous bodies:-
Luminous bodies are the bodies that emit their own light. They shine by
their own light.
Ex – The sun, the stars, a burning candle, an electric lamp, a torch, an
electric tube light, a kerosene lamp, all are luminous bodies.

Non-luminous bodies:- The bodies which do not emit light of their own
but become visible(or shine) by the light falling on them from some
luminous body, are called non-luminous bodies.
Ex – The moon, the earth, a table, a book, a chair, etc.
 Mediums through which light can/cannot travel:-
• Transparent
• Translucent
• Opaque

1. Transparent substance: A substance is said to be transparent if light

passes/travels through it easily.
Ex – The examples of transparent substances are glass, air, water, polyethene, oil,
test tube, flask, beaker, car’s wind screen, glasses, etc.
2. Translucent substance: A substance is said to be translucent if it allows only a
part of light to pass through it.
Ex – ground glass, butter paper, tracing paper, tissue paper, sheet of white cotton,
clouds, muddy water, waxed paper, greased(oiled) paper, etc.
3. Opaque substance: A substance is said to be opaque if it does not allow any light
to pass through it.
Ex – wooden screen, metallic sheets, black paper, cardboard, wood, book, door,
brick walls, stone, etc.
 2 sources of light:
• Point source
• Extended source
Point source: A point source is obtained either by placing a screen having a fine
hole, in fort of the luminous body or by placing the luminous body inside a box
having a fine hole on one of its sides.
Extended source: A luminous body such as torch, electric lamp or burning candle
emits light and it is called an extended source of light.
 Beams of light
A beam of light – A group of light rays given out from a point source is
called a beam of light.
1. Divergent beam –
Point source of light

2. A parallel beam –
A parallel beam of light from a
distant source

3. Convergent beam -
 MCQ’s questions and answers –
Light travels in a straight line.
When an opaque object comes in path of light it forms a shadow.
 Questions? 1. What is a real image, virtual image and magnified image?
1. What is lateral inversion? And how are they formed?

2. What is the difference and connection between lateral inversion and reflection? 2. The fact that we cannot see around a corner also shows
that light travels in a straight line is true or false?
3. How is a reflection formed?
3. What are the characteristics of virtual image formed be
4. How does image appear on water and glass and how does light reflect on it?
an plane mirror?
5. What is a plane mirror?
4. Does a pin hole camera form an erect image or a real and
6. Difference between plane mirror and normal mirror? inverted image?
7. What is an image? 5. At early morning do all the shadows become long, thin,
8. Which is a device to image the sun? short or fat?
9. Is firefly a cold source of light? 6. Is the shadow of an object virtual, erect, inverted?
10. This is a _______ on which the shadow is formed.? 7. Which types of object reflect light very well?
11. Is a shadow a dark outline of an opaque object that blocks light coming from a source?
8. Info about periscope and telescope, stethoscope,
12. Is image formed by a plane mirror inverted or erect? And what other characteristics does microscope.
the image formed by a plane mirror have and why does it have?
9. What is absorption, refraction and radiation of light?
13. In a plane mirror, our left hand looks like right hand. What is this phenomenon called?
10. At what temp doe a solid, liquid and gas object start to
14. Which types of objects cast (no) shadow?
glow?
15. At what time do opaque, translucent and transparent cast shadows?
11. Examples of rectilinear propagation of light in nature?
16. What is a shadow?
12. Can an object’s shadow change is light falls from diff
17. How does light get reflected? directions?
18. Is the mirror a transparent body/object?
13. What is the ray of light that falls on a plane mirror called?
19. Transparent substances reflect all the light falling on them? If yes/no why?
14. What is the image which cannot be project on to a screen
20. Do all shining bodies in sky have their own light? called?
21. What information does a reflected image give us?(about the shadow or object or etc)
22. Are clouds transparent, translucent or opaque?
 What is lateral inversion?
Answer – Lateral inversion is the reversal of mirror image where the right side of the object appears on the left side behind the mirror.
 What is the difference and connection between lateral inversion and reflection?
Laterally inverted means the left and right sides of the image are interchanged. Real, inverted means the image is upside down.
 How is a reflection formed?
Reflection is when light bounces off an object. If the surface is smooth and shiny, like glass, water or polished metal, the light will reflect at
the same angle as it hit the surface. ... For a smooth surface, reflected light rays travel in the same direction. This is called specular
reflection.
 How does image appear on water and glass and how does light reflect on it?
When people look into a mirror, they see an image of themselves behind the glass. That image results from light rays encountering the
shiny surface and bouncing back, or reflecting, providing a "mirror image." People commonly think of the reflection as being reversed left
to right; however, this is a misconception.
The image (reflection) formed in the water is an upright virtual image due to the reflection of light.
 Difference between plane mirror and normal mirror?
Plane mirror is virtual and erect. Both are the same things
 Which is a device to image the sun?
Pinhole Camera - You can easily, cheaply, and safely observe the Sun by projecting it through a tiny hole onto a white sheet of paper. This
simple device is called a "pinhole camera".
 Is firefly a cold source of light?
Fireflies produce a chemical reaction inside their bodies that allows them to light up. This type of light production is called
bioluminescence. ... Unlike a light bulb, which produces a lot of heat in addition to light, a firefly's light is "cold light" without a lot of
energy being lost as heat.
 This is a screen on which the shadow is formed.
 Is a shadow a dark outline of an opaque object that blocks light coming from a source?
A shadow is a dark outline or image cast by an opaque object that blocks light coming from a source of light. It is formed when light hits the
opaque object which does not let the light pass through.
 Is image formed by a plane mirror inverted or erect? And what other characteristics does the image formed by a plane mirror have and
why does it have?
One of the characteristics is, an image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, or in other words, it's not a real image. The other characteristic of
an image formed by a plane mirror is that the image formed is always erect or upright.
A plane mirror always forms a virtual image (behind the mirror). The image and object are the same distance from a flat mirror, the image
size is the same as the object size, and the image is upright.
 In a plane mirror, our left hand looks like right hand. What is this phenomenon called?
lateral inversion
In the image formed by a plane mirror, the left of the object appears on the right and the right appears on the left. This is called lateral
inversion.
 Which types of objects cast (no) shadow?
Transparent objects cannot form a shadow. They are only formed in opaque or translucent objects. If we take a glass slab, no shadow is
formed because it allows light to pass through it.
 At what time do opaque objects cast a shadow?
Opaque objects cast long shadows in morning and evening while short shadows at noon. Explanation: Opaque objects does not allow light to
enter into the object. Since, the light is not passed through the object, it makes a shadow. The rays of the sun are slanting in
the morning and evening and the sun appears to be lowest in the sky, hence it forms the longest shadows.
The rays of the sun are vertical at noon and the sun will be highest in the sky, hence it forms shortest shadows.
 What is a shadow?
A shadow is a dark area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object.
 How does light get reflected?
When light waves are incident on a smooth, flat surface, they reflect away from the surface at the same angle as they arrive. Regardless
of whether light is acting as particles or waves, the result of reflection is the same. ... The reflected light produces a mirror image.
 Is the mirror a transparent body/object?
A mirror is an opaque object which does not allow light to pass through it. The light cannot pass through the mirror from one side to the
another side. A mirror’s reflecting surface is opaque because we cannot see what’s behind it. If it were transparent it would be a window
rather than reflecting back.
 Transparent substances reflect all the light falling on them? If yes/no why?
Transparent substances don’t reflect light falling on them as they allow light to pass through it so instead of reflecting light the light passes
or travels through the them.
 Do all shining bodies in sky have their own light?
The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky are called celestial bodies. Some celestial bodies are very big and hot.
They are made up of gases. They have their own heat and light, which they emit in large amounts.
When something radiates, it sends out waves or rays. The sun radiates light and warmth. ... Radiating is a concept that applies to anything
that emits rays or waves. People camping make a fire so it can radiate light and heat.
There are luminous bodies(the one which emit light) and non-luminous bodies(the one which become visible due to the light falling on
them from the luminous body) like the moon. The moon reflects light from the sun like all other planets.
Because planets do not have nuclear fusion, they do not produce their own light. Instead, they shine with light reflected from a star.
When we see planets in the night sky, such as Venus, the so-called "Evening Star” or “morning star”, we're seeing reflected sunlight.
 What information does a reflected image give us?(about the shadow or object or etc)
A reflected image gives us more information about the object than a [Link] a mirror, if A is able to see B, B also can see A. Objects
around us seem to have different ways in which they interact with light.
 Are clouds transparent, translucent or opaque?
Clouds can be transparent, translucent or opaque, depending on the quantity of water vapor in it. All 3 cannot be true at the same time. If
the vapor density is low, the clouds are transparent. Conversely, if the density is high, those clouds are opaque.
 What is a real image, virtual image and magnified image? And how are they formed?
Real image –
A real image is an image that can be projected onto a screen.
A virtual image appears to come from behind the lens. Virtual image is an image formed when the outgoing rays from an object always
diverge (move apart).
A magnified image is a image which is enlarged by a mirror or lens.
 The fact that we cannot see around a corner also shows that light travels in a straight line is true or false?
Light does not pass around a corner naturally because light travels in straight lines. Light does not bend unless there is an object that will
bend the light for example a mirror.
 What are the characteristics of virtual image formed be an plane mirror?
In conclusion, plane mirrors produce images with a number of distinguishable characteristics. Images formed by plane mirrors are virtual,
upright, left-right reversed, the same distance from the mirror as the object's distance, and the same size as the object.
 Is the shadow of an object virtual, erect, inverted?
The pinhole image of an object is inverted whereas the shadow of an object is erect. Shadow is formed when light is obstructed by an
opaque object. No light enters the observer's eyes. Shadow does not provide any information about color, structure, etc. Shadow is never
inverted.
 What is absorption, refraction and radiation of light?
Light absorption is a process by which light is absorbed and converted into energy.
Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light.
Refraction is the change in the direction of a wave passing from one medium to another. Refraction is the bending of light (it also
happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another. This bending by refraction
makes it possible for us to have lenses, magnifying glasses, prisms and rainbows.
Refraction is the bending of a light or sound wave, or the way the light bends when entering the eye to form an image on the retina.
An example of refraction is a bending of the sun's rays as they enter raindrops, forming a rainbow.