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Distillation Techniques and Processes

Distillation is a process used to separate mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. It involves heating the mixture to vaporize the component with the lower boiling point, which is then cooled and condensed while the component with the higher boiling point remains unvaporized. Common types of distillation include simple distillation, fractional distillation, vacuum distillation, and steam distillation. Raoult's law describes how the vapor pressure of an ideal solution depends on the vapor pressures and mole fractions of each component. Nucleation agents are added to ensure smooth boiling without splashing. The document then describes the steps taken in a distillation experiment.

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Camille David
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40 views14 pages

Distillation Techniques and Processes

Distillation is a process used to separate mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. It involves heating the mixture to vaporize the component with the lower boiling point, which is then cooled and condensed while the component with the higher boiling point remains unvaporized. Common types of distillation include simple distillation, fractional distillation, vacuum distillation, and steam distillation. Raoult's law describes how the vapor pressure of an ideal solution depends on the vapor pressures and mole fractions of each component. Nucleation agents are added to ensure smooth boiling without splashing. The document then describes the steps taken in a distillation experiment.

Uploaded by

Camille David
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Group 4 2-PSY1

process or technique used to separate and to free a homogenous solution from impurities or from its less-volatile component widely used in practical ways such as distillation of water, alcohol, coffee, and other beverages also commonly used in distillation of oil where it produces different products such as raw materials from crude oil and plankton

Simple Distillation
Fractional Distillation Vacuum Distillation

Steam Distillation

the hot vapor immediately passed on into the condenser wherein the vapor cools and condense most likely utilized to separate liquids which has boiling points that differs greatly (therefore, distillate will not be pure) composition of distillate = composition of the vapors at the given temperature and pressure *can be computed with Raoult's law

the vapor pressure of an ideal solution is dependent on the vapor pressure of each chemical component and the mole fraction of the component present in the solution

total vapor pressure (p) of the solution when the components in the solution are in equilibrium : p= P*AXA + P*BXB +.. individual p for each component: p= P*iXi

where: pi =partial pressure of the component i (in the solution) p*i = vapor pressure of the pure component i xi = mole fraction of the component i (in the solution)

play an important role and this is to make the sample boil more smoothly and evenly small, irregularly shaped piece of material added to liquids to ensure that liquid would not be too much heated by providing nucleation
reaction and could cause reagents to splash that could possibly lead to severe burns, ruining an experiment, and damaging equipment.

*Very rapid boiling can produce an extremely violent

The flask was heated slowly and constantly with the use of the Bunsen burner When a reflux is seen or if the liquid sample already rise 0.5 mL, samples should be placed on each test tube and when it was filled by the volume of sample needed the temperature reading is recorded The distillation would stop when it reaches 100 degrees Celcius or when the temperature would be the same for three consecutives or four consecutive readings

Flammability test is done to the distillates to find out which contains ethanol and which is overly distilled (to the point that it does not contain alcohol , thus, containing only water) When the set-up cools down, the residue was transferred into a graduated cylinder and its volume is recorded

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