and
Image Processing
CoSc4113
Compiled By:
Eshetu Tesfaye
Lecturer, Dep’t of Computer Science
Jinka University
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Content
• What is a computer vision?
• What is image?
• Related fields in CV
• CV vs IP
• Application of CV & IP
• Different image processing examples
• Fundamental steps in image
processing
What is a computer vision?
• Computer vision is a field of artificial
intelligence (AI) that enables computers
and systems to derive meaningful
information from digital images, videos and
other visual inputs — and take actions or
make recommendations based on that
information.
Cont…
• If AI enables computers to think, computer
vision enables them to see, observe and
understand.
• Computer vision works much the same as
human vision, except humans have a head
start.
What is a computer vision?
• Human sight has the advantage of lifetimes of
context to train how to tell objects apart, how
far away they are, whether they are moving
and whether there is something wrong in an
image.
• Computer vision trains machines to perform
these functions, but it has to do it in much less
time with cameras, data and algorithms rather
than retinas, optic nerves and a visual cortex.
What is an Image?
• is a visual representation of something.
• An image is nothing more than a two dimensional signal.
• It is defined by the mathematical function f(x,y) where x
and y are the two co-ordinates horizontally and vertically.
• The value of f(x,y) at any point is gives the pixel value at
that point of an image.
• While a Digital image is a binary representation of visual
data.
• two dimensional function
• value at any point is an intensity or colour called a pixel
Cont..
Application of CV & IP
• Image classification sees an image and
can classify it (a dog, an apple, a person’s
face). More precisely,
• it is able to accurately predict that a given
image belongs to a certain class.
• Object detection can use image
classification to identify a certain class of
image and then detect and tabulate their
appearance in an image or video.
Application of CV & IP
• Object tracking follows or tracks an object once it
is detected.
• This task is often executed with images captured
in sequence or real-time video feeds.
• Autonomous vehicles, for example, need to not
only classify and detect objects such as
pedestrians, other cars and road infrastructure,
they need to track them in motion to avoid
collisions and obey traffic laws.
Cont..
• Content-based image retrieval uses computer
vision to browse, search and retrieve images from
large data stores, based on the content of the
images rather than metadata tags associated with
them.
• Image sharpening and restoration
• Medical field
• Remote sensing
• Transmission and encoding
• Machine/Robot vision
• Color processing
• Pattern recognition
• Video processing
• Microscopic Imaging
CV vs. IP
• Digital image processing deals with
manipulation of digital images through a digital
computer.
• It is a subfield of signals and systems but focus
particularly on images
• Image processing studies image to image
transformation.
• The input and output of image processing are
both images.
• Computer vision is the construction of explicit,
meaningful descriptions of physical objects from
their image.
• The output of computer vision is a description or
an interpretation of structures in 3D scene.
• Robotics
Applications
• Localization-determine robot location automatically
• Navigation
• Obstacles avoidance
• Assembly (peg-in-hole, welding, painting)
• Manipulation (e.g. PUMA robot manipulator)
• Human Robot Interaction (HRI): Intelligent robotics
to interact with and serve people
Medicine
• Classification and detection (e.g. lesion
or cells classification and tumor
detection)
• 2D/3D segmentation
• 3D human organ reconstruction (MRI or
ultrasound)
• Vision-guided robotics surgery
Security
• Biometrics (iris, finger print, face
recognition)
• Surveillance-detecting certain
suspicious activities or behaviors
Transportation
• Autonomous vehicle
• Safety, e.g., driver
vigilance monitoring
Industrial Automation
Application
• Industrial inspection (defect
detection)
• Assembly
• Barcode and package label
reading
• Object sorting
• Document understanding
(e.g. OCR)
The End!
Thank You!
