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Urinary System Anatomy and Functions

The urinary system, also known as the excretory or renal system, is responsible for expelling waste and excess materials from the body. It consists of main organs like the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, along with accessory organs such as the renal artery and adrenal glands. Key functions include waste elimination, regulation of blood volume and pressure, and maintenance of electrolyte balance and blood pH.

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20 views18 pages

Urinary System Anatomy and Functions

The urinary system, also known as the excretory or renal system, is responsible for expelling waste and excess materials from the body. It consists of main organs like the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, along with accessory organs such as the renal artery and adrenal glands. Key functions include waste elimination, regulation of blood volume and pressure, and maintenance of electrolyte balance and blood pH.

Uploaded by

xasanburco123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Urinary system

Anatomy and physiology

Lecturer: abdinasir . [Link]


Definition
• Definition The urinary system is the main excretory
system of the body,
• which expel the waste and excess material from the
body.
• The Urinary system is also known as Excretory system
or Renal system
Organs of urinary system
• Main Organs: • Accessory Organs:
• 1. Two Kidneys • 1. Renal artery
• 2. Two Ureters • 2. Renal vein
• 3. One Urinary bladder • 3. Adrenal glands
• 4. One Urethra • 4. Sphincter muscles
• 5. Renal pelvis
Functions of Urinary system
• Eliminate waste from the body,
• Regulates blood volume
• Regulates blood pressure,
• Control levels of electrolytes and metabolites,
• Regulates blood pH.
Nephron
• Nephron Structure:
• The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the
kidney.
• It consists of:
• Glomerulus
• Bowman's capsule
• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• Collecting duct
• Function:
• Filters blood,
• reabsorbs useful substances,
• secretes waste, and forms urine.
Kidneys
• Structure: Two bean-shaped organs located on either
side of the lower back.
• Composed of: cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, and
millions of nephrons.
• Function:
• Filter blood
• Remove waste as urine
• Regulate blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and blood
pH.
Ureters
• Structure: Two narrow muscular tubes, about 25–30 cm
long, connecting each kidney to the urinary bladder.
• Function: Transport urine from the kidneys to the
bladder through peristaltic movements.
Urinary Bladder
• Structure: A hollow, muscular, and elastic organ
located in the pelvic cavity. Capable of expanding and
contracting.
• Function:
• Temporarily stores urine until micturition (urination)
occurs.
Urethra
• Structure: A tube that carries urine from the bladder to
the outside of the body.
• Shorter in females; longer and passes through the penis
in males.
• Function:
• Discharges urine out of the body during urination.
RAAS System
• (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)
• Key Components:
• Renin (from kidneys)
• Angiotensinogen (from liver)
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme – ACE (from lungs)
• Aldosterone (from adrenal glands)
• Function:
• Regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
• Increases sodium and water reabsorption.
• Causes vasoconstriction and stimulates thirst.
Composition of Urine
• Normal Components of Urine:
• Water (~95%)
• Urea
• Creatinine
• Uric acid
• Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride)
• Trace hormones and toxins

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