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CMOS Circuits: Principles and Applications

The document provides an overview of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology, highlighting its use of both N-type and P-type MOSFETs for logic functions. It discusses the advantages of CMOS, such as reduced cost, high speed, and low power dissipation, as well as its applications in amplifiers, switching circuits, and microprocessors. The document also covers the working principles of CMOS logic gates, including pull-up and pull-down networks, and outlines the construction of complex gates.

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Stephano Mapigano
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18 views34 pages

CMOS Circuits: Principles and Applications

The document provides an overview of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology, highlighting its use of both N-type and P-type MOSFETs for logic functions. It discusses the advantages of CMOS, such as reduced cost, high speed, and low power dissipation, as well as its applications in amplifiers, switching circuits, and microprocessors. The document also covers the working principles of CMOS logic gates, including pull-up and pull-down networks, and outlines the construction of complex gates.

Uploaded by

Stephano Mapigano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINERING

CT 313: VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

(10.0 CREDITS)

Lecture7 : CMOS CIRCUIT


By
Dr. Johevajile K. Mazima
CMOS Introduction
• CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor
• This is the type of MOSFET that uses
complementary and symmetrical pairs of P type
N type MOSFETs for logic functions
CMOS Introduction…
• CMOS employs MOS transistors of both
polarities
• More difficult to fabricate
• More powerful and flexible
• Now more prevalent than NMOS or PMOS
CMOS Introduction…
CMOS Introduction…
CMOS Introduction…
CMOS Introduction…
CMOS Applications
• CMOS transistors are used in various
applications such as
• amplifiers,
• switching circuits,
• logic circuits,
• Integrated circuit chips
• microprocessors
Features/Advantages of CMOS Logic Gate
• Reduced cost as it requires only a single
power supply.
• Large logic swing.
• Large fan-out capability.
• Very high noise margin
• Lower propagation delay
• High speed
• Lower power dissipation
Features/Advantages of CMOS Logic Gate…

• Excellent temperature stability.


• Less packaging density.
• Very low static power consumption
• High density of logic functions on a chip
• Operates over a wide range of source
and input voltages provided the source
voltage is fixed
• Reduce the complexity of the circuit
CMOS Working Principle
• In CMOS technology
• both N-type and P-type transistors are
used to design logic functions.
• The same signal which turns ON a
transistor of one type is used
• to turn OFF a transistor of the other
type
• This characteristic allows the design of
logic devices using only simple switches,
• without the need for a pull-up
CMOS Working Principle…
• In CMOS logic gates a collection of n-type MOSFETs is
arranged in a pull-down network between the
output and the low voltage power supply rail (Vss or
quite often ground).
• Instead of the load resistor of NMOS logic gates,
CMOS logic gates have a collection of p-type
MOSFETs in a pull-up network between the output
and the higher-voltage rail (often named Vdd)
CMOS Working Principle…
• If both a p-type and n-type transistor have
their gates connected to the same input,
• the p-type MOSFET will be ON when the
n-type MOSFET is OFF, and vice-versa.
• The networks are arranged such that one
is ON and the other OFF for any input
pattern
Pull-Down and Pull-Up Network
Types of CMOS
• Static CMOS and
• Dynamic CMOS
Static CMOS
P Type
N- Type
Inverter
Nand Gate
NOR GATE
•
Exclusive OR (XOR)
Exclusive-NOR
Duality in CMOS Networks
• Straightforward way of constructing
static CMOS circuits is to implement
• dual N- and P- networks
• N- and P- networks must implement
complementary functions
Constructing Complex Gates

• Stage A
• Step1:Take uninverted function F = (A · B)
+ (C · D) and derive N-network
• Step2: Identify AND, OR components: F is
OR of AB, CD
• Step3: Make connections of transistors
Constructing Complex Gates…
• Step4: Construct P-network by taking
complement of N-expression (AB + CD),
which gives the expression, ( +) · ( + )
Constructing Complex Gates…
• Step5: Combine P and N circuits
Constructing Complex Gates…
Constructing Complex Gates…
•A
Summary-Design More Complex Gates
Complex Logic Gate
Multi-Stage Static Logic
Homework
Homework

• 1.
• 2.

• 3.

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