Development is continuous process from

conception to maturity.

Its sequence is approximately the same in

all children with few exceptions, though

its rate varies from one child to another.

Not parallel

Related to CNS maturation

Involuntary/spontaneous movements give way

to voluntary responses
Occurs in cephalo-caudal and proximal to

distal
Progresses from dependence to independence
4 fields with a sequence of development

Gross Motor - the development of locomotion

Vision and fine manipulation - the

development of eye-hand control

Hearing & speech - development of language

Personal & social - integration of acquired

abilities to reflect understanding of environment.

Main Kaisa Lagta Hoon
 Prone
 Physiological flexion
 Lifts head briefly
 Head to side

 Supine
 Physiological roll partly to side

 Sitting
 Head lag in pull to sit

 Standing
 Reflex standing and walking
regards object in line of gravity.
Follow A object to midline.
Hands fisted.
Arm movement Jerky.
Movement may be purposeful or random.
Smiles or moves when primary senses are
activated
(hearing, smell, taste, touch, vision)
Prefers objects with contrasting colors
Briefly looks at people and objects within 12
inches
Interacts and explores the environment by using
their senses and movement
Explores the environment freely by looking,
tasting,
smelling, feeling and hearing
Parent-Infant bonding, learning to read each
other’s cues
Regulation of sleep-wake cycle; regulation of
feeding and elimination
Begins to recognize primary caregiver
Relies heavily on attachment figures/primary
caregivers for emotional and soothing
support
Makes variety of gurgling sounds and
cooing when content
Babbles or coos when someone talks to
them
Cry is monotonous, one breath long
Listens to a caretaker’s voice for 30
seconds
Responds to sounds and voices
Cries when hungry or uncomfortable
Developmental Milestones
Oral Motor and Feeding

Opens and closes mouth to food

source
Primary nutrition through breast
or bottle feeding
Rooting response (turns mouth
towards touch on face)
Sucks on objects that are near the
mouth
Strong gag reflex evident
Developmental
Milestones
--------------
Gross Motor & Fine
Motor Skills
2 To 3 Months…...
 Developmental
Milestones
Gross Motor Skills
2-3 Months…
Prone
Lifts head 900
Chest up in prone position with
some weight through forearm

Roll prone to supine

Supine
Influence strong
Legs kicks reciprocally
Prefer head to side
 Developmental
Milestones
Gross Motor Skills
2-3 Months…
Sitting
Variable head lag in pull to sitting
position
Needs full support to sit
Head upright but bobbing

Standing
Poor weight bearing
Hip in flexion, behind shoulders
 Developmental
Milestones
Fine Motor Skills
2-3 Months…
Can see further distance
Hands open movement
Visually follow through 1800
Grasp is reflexive
Use palmar grasp
 Developmental
Milestones
Sensory
2-3 Months…
Enjoys physical contact
Calms with rhythmical movements
(e.g. swinging)
Able to self-regulate (e.g. falls
asleep in over-stimulating
environments)
Cries more rhythmically with opening and closing
mouth
Uses different cries for different needs (hunger,
fatigue, discomfort)
May smile at familiar faces and voices, especially
mom
Begins to learn that making sounds gets a response
Turns head to a voice
Attends to a speaker’s mouth
Quiets to a familiar voice
Searches with eyes for a sound
Watches a speaker’s eyes and mouth
Uses lips and tongue to suckle when feeding
Opens mouth when food source is near
 Developmental
Milestones
--------------
Gross Motor & Fine
Motor Skills
4 To 5 Months…...
 Developmental
Milestones
Gross Motor Skills
Prone 4-5 Months…
Bears weight on extended
arms
Pivot in prone to reach the
toys
Supine
Roll from supine to side lying
position
Play with feet to mouth
 Developmental
Milestones
Gross Motor Skills
4-5 Months…
Sitting
Head steady in supporting
sitting position
Turn head in sitting
position
Sits alone for brief period

Standing
Bears all weight through
legs in supported standing
 Developmental
Milestones
Fine Motor Skills
4-5 Months…

Grasp & release toys

Uses ulnar palmar grasp
 Developmental
Milestones
Sensory 4-5 Month
Uses his/her hands and mouth for
sensory exploration of objects
Searches with his/her eyes for
sound and scans objects briefly
Enjoys movements and touch
Able to self regulate by looking
away from or falling asleep in over-
stimulating environment
 Developmental
Milestones
Speech, Language and Hearing
4-5 Month
Vocalizes to express displeasure
Finds sound with eyes
Babble increases
Babble in chains (ex: babababa)
Laughs
Initiates “talking” by babbling to another
person
Turns head to find a hidden voice
Responds to sound by vocalizing
Vocalizes when playing alone or with caregiver
Recognizes friendly or angry tone of voice
Recognizes own name
 Developmental
Milestones
Oral Motor and Feeding
4-5 Month
Mouths toys
Strong gag
Begin to introduce solid foods
around 5 months of age
 Developmental
Milestones
Social Emotional Development
4-5 Month
Expresses unhappiness when an
object or toy is taken away
Expresses self using verbal/non-
verbal cues (cries, laughs, reaches
for a familiar adult)
Begins to initiate ways to calm self
 Developmental
Milestones
--------------
Gross Motor & Fine
Motor Skills
6 To 7 Months…...
 Developmental
Milestones
Gross Motor Skills
6-7 Months…
Prone
Roll from supine to prone
Holds weight on one hand to reach the toys

Supine
Lifts head and helps when pulled to sitting position
Gets to sitting position without assistance
Sits independently

Mobility
May crawl backward
 Developmental
Milestones
Fine Motor Skills
6-7 Months…
Approaches objects with one
hand
Arm in neutral when approaching
the toy
Radial palmar grasp
pick up small objects with fingers
Voluntary release to transfer
objects between hands
 Developmental
Milestones
Sensory
6-7 Months…
Investigates objects with vision,
touch, and taste
Shows increased tolerance of
various social and environmental
situations
May enjoy playing with food
Developmental Milestones
Speech, Language and Hearing
Responds to sounds when source is not visible
Shouts to gain attention
Responds to a simple request like “come here”
Shows interest in the sounds of objects
Responds to facial expressions
Imitates familiar gestures
NOTE: These ranges
Looks at a picture when it is named
Recognizes family members’ names
Responds to “no” most of the time from 6 to 9 Months
Waves “bye-bye”
Vocalizes during games
Begins to recognize common words
Attempts to imitate sounds
Increase in babbling
Produces repeated syllables (ma ma ma, ba ba ba)
Produces four or more different sounds (ma, da, ba, ga)
Developmental Milestones
Social Emotional Development
Simple imitative toy play with caregiver
Experiences wide range of emotions
Plays with toys briefly, more independently
Increased interest in self, others, world
Entertains self briefly
Initiates play
Enjoys mirror play
Has increased separation anxiety
Able to predict repeated events
Enjoys the freedom that their new movement brings
Object permanence (i.e. able to find a toy hidden under
a blanket)
Enjoys repeating interesting experiences (shaking a
rattle)
NOTE: These ranges from 6 to 9 Months
Developmental Milestones
Oral Motor and Feeding

Decrease in gag response

Spoon feeding
Opens mouth when food
approaches
Begins drinking with a cup, but a
lot of liquid is spilled
Uses jaw movements to “chew”
NOTE: These ranges
soft foods
from 6 to 9 Months
Self-feeds finger food
 Developmental
Milestones
--------------
Gross Motor & Fine
Motor Skills
8 To 9 Months…...
 Developmental
Milestones
Gross Motor Skills
Prone 8-9 Months…
Gets into hands-knee position

Supine
Does not tolerate supine position

Sitting
Move from sitting to prone position
Sit without hand support for longer periods
Pivot in sitting position
 Developmental
Milestones
Gross Motor Skills
Standing8-9 Months…
Stands at furniture
Pulls to stand at furniture
Lowers to sitting position from supported
standing

Mobility
Crawl forward
Walk along furniture
Cruising
 Developmental
Milestones
Fine Motor Skills
8-9 Months…
Takes objects out of container
Develop active supination
Uses inferior pincer grasp
Extends wrist actively
Pivot with index finger
Pokes with index finger
Release of objects is more refined
Fine pincer grasp developed
Put objects into container
Grasps adaptively
 Developmental
Milestones
--------------
Gross Motor & Fine
Motor Skills
10 To 11 Months…...
 Developmental
Milestones
Gross Motor Skills
10-11 Months…
Stands without support
Pulls to stand using half kneel
intermediate position
Pick up objects from floor from
standing with support
Walk with both hands held
Walk with one hand held (Bean
Walk)
Creep on hand & feet (Bear Walk)
 Developmental
Milestones
--------------
Gross Motor & Fine
Motor Skills
12 th
Month…...
 Developmental
Milestones
Sensory
10-12 Months
Explores food with fingers
Eats a variety of textured and
flavored foods using his/her fingers
Enjoys bath time, splashing,
playing in the water
 Developmental
Milestones
Speech, Language and Hearing
10-12 Months
Begins to use one or two words spontaneously
Begins to use “mama” or “dada” meaningfully
Begins to use a word to call a person
Vocalizes to change activities or call others
Imitates consonant and vowel combinations
Imitates non-speech sounds
Begins to imitate the name of familiar objects
Vocalizes with intent frequently
Imitates new gestures
Begins to follow simple commands
Verbalizes or vocalizes in response to verbal requests
Identifies two body parts on self by pointing or gesturing
Listens selectively to new words
Vocalizations have rising and falling sounds like adult
speech
 Developmental
Milestones
Social Emotional Development
10-12 Months
Moves around
Note: Some but can
of these will appear
look toeven
caregiver for
in 9th Month
approval of his/her actions.
Uses caregiver as a secure base from which to
explore (will explore environment,
but makes sure that parent is still physically
present while doing so.)
Imitative learning; baby copies caregiver’s
actions as a way of learning
Performs for social attention
Begins to anticipate familiar events
Begins to learn the idea of turn taking
Stranger anxiety
 Developmental
Milestones
Oral Motor and Feeding
10-12 Months

Begins to drink from sippy cup

Chews food
Drools due to teething/and on new
activity performance
Begins to bite on soft solid foods
 Developmental
Milestones
Self-help
10-12 Months

Likes to feed self

Drinks from a cup
Helps with dressing and
undressing
THANK YOU