Ingls

2011/2012

Cidlia Alves

Escola Secundria de Caldas das Taipas

CURSO PROFISSIONAL DE TCNICO DE APOIO INFNCIA 11 ANO TURMA M
English worksheet no 5
Module 4 The media and global communication

VERB TENSES:
Simple Present, Present Continuous, Simple Past, Past
Continuous,
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

Simple Present
We use the Simple Present to:
- describe routines and regular/habitual actions or permanent states;
- express a present state or a truth (scientific actions or facts).

Expressions used:
always
often
never
rarely

To form the affirmative form we use the infinitive without to (love)

and to form the 3rd person singular in the affirmative form we add s but:

usually
sometimes
frequently
every

- vowel + y - add s
- consonant + y - i and add es
- o, ss, sh, ch, x - add es

In the negative and interrogative we use the auxiliary To do, in the Simple Present (do or does):
Affirmative
subject + main verb
I work
You work
He / She / It works
We work
You work
They work

Negative
subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb
(don't / doesn't) (infinitive)
I don't work
You don't work
He / She / It doesn't work
We don't work
You don't work
They don't work

Interrogative
auxiliary verb + subject + main verb ?
(do / does)
(infinitive)
Do I work?
Do you work?
Does he / she / it work?
Do we work?
Do you work?
Do they work?

Present Continuous
We use the Present Continuous to:
- describe actions happening now (at the moment of speaking);
- describe repeated and annoying actions;
- express fixed arrangements in the near future (arranged previously).

Expressions used:
now
this

at the/this moment
at present tomorrow

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To be, in the Simple
Present, and the gerund of the main verb (infinitive + ing):
Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

subject + auxiliary + main verb subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb auxiliary verb + subj. + main verb ?
(am/are/is) (gerund)
(am/are/is not) (gerund)
(am/are/is)
(gerund)
I am working
You are working
He / She / It is working
We are working
You are working
They are working

I'm not working

You aren't working
He / She / It isn't working
We aren't working
You aren't working
They aren't working

Am I working?
Are you working?
Is he / she / it working?
Are we working?
Are you working?
Are they working?

Simple Past
We use the Simple Past to:
- talk about past actions, finished at a definite time;
- describe regular actions in the past;
- express something that you think is unlikely to happen.

Expressions used:
yesterday
ago
last

To form the affirmative form we have to make a distinction between regular and irregular verbs:

Regular verbs:

Irregular verbs:

- add ed to the infinitive but:

- ending in e - add d only
- vowel + y - add ed
- consonant + y - i and add ed

(2nd column of the list)

In the negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To do, in the Simple Past (did), both for
regular and irregular verbs:
Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

subject + main verb

subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb

(didn't)
(infinitive)

auxiliary verb + subject + main verb ?

(did)
(infinitive)

I worked / came
You worked
He / She / It worked
We worked
You worked
They worked

I didn't work / come

You didn't work
He / She / It didn't work
We didn't work
You didn't work
They didn't work

Did I work / come?

Did you work?
Did he / she / it work?
Did we work?
Did you work?
Did they work?

Past Continuous
Expressions used:
when

while

She was sleeping when the accident happened.

While she was sleeping, the accident happened.

We use the Past Continuous to:

- describe an action happening at a particular time in the past;
- describe actions taking place at the same time in the past;
- describe an event which was happening when another one happened (the action in course was
interrupted by another one in the past)
(something was happening when something else happened // while something was happening something else happened) .

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To be, in the Simple
Past, and the gerund of the main verb (infinitive + ing):
Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

subject + auxiliary + main verb subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb

(was/were) (gerund)
(was/were not) (gerund)

auxiliary verb + subj. + main verb ?

(was/were)
(gerund)

I was working
You were working
He / She / It was working
We were working
You were working
They were working

Was I working?
Were you working?
Was he / she / it working?
Were we working?
Were you working?
Were they working?

I wasn't working
You weren't working
He / She / It wasn't working
We weren't working
You weren't working
They weren't working

Present Perfect
We use the Present Perfect to:
- describe actions which started in the past and continue to the present, with results in the present.
Ex: I have eaten eggs for breakfast since I was a child. Wheres the key? I dont know. Ive lost it. (I havent got it now.)
-

talk about a recent action.

Ex: The road is closed. There has been an accident.

Expressions used:

Still (at agora) - negative sentences

ever (alguma vez)

(between the subject and the auxiliary verb)

just (h pouco tempo/mesmo agora)

Yet (ainda) - negative and interrogative sentences

(at the end of the sentence)

Already (j) - affirmative and interrogative sentences

already

(between the auxiliary verb and the main verb)

since

For - + a period of time (durante/h)

never

Since - + a point in time (desde)

yet
for

still
this

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To have, in the Simple
Present, and the past participle (3rd column (irregular verbs) or ed (regular verbs)):
Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

subject + auxiliary + main verb subject + auxiliary (neg) + main verb auxiliary verb + subj. + main verb ?
(has/have) (p.p.)
(has/have not) (p.p.)
(has/have)
(p.p.)
I have worked
You have worked
He / She / It has worked
We have worked
You have worked
They have worked

I haven't worked
You haven't worked
He / She / It hasn't worked
We haven't worked
You haven't worked
They haven't worked

Have I worked?
Have you worked?
Has he / she / it worked?
Have we worked?
Have you worked?
Have they worked?

Present Perfect Continuous

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to:
- describe an action which ended recently, with a close relation to the present time;
Ex: Youre out of breath. Have you been running? (you are out of breath now)
- Is it raining? - No, but the ground is wet. It has been raining.
-

describe actions which started in the past and are still happening.
Ex: Where have you been? I have been looking for you for an hour.
It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining. It has been raining for two hours.

The Present Perfect Continuous is usually used with for and since to describe repeated actions, expressing anger or criticism.
Since(desde)
For (h)
two hours
a week
8 oclock
1977
20 minutes
50 years
Monday
Christmas
five days
a long time
12 May
lunchtime
six months
ages
April
he was at school

To form the affirmative, negative and interrogative forms we use the auxiliary To have, in the Simple
Present, plus the past participle of the verb To be (been) and the main verb in the gerund (-ing):
Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

subject + auxiliary + been + main verb

(has/have) (p.p. to be) (ing)

Subj. + auxiliary in the neg.+ been + main verb auxiliary verb + subj.+ been + main verb?
(hasnt/havent) (p.p. to be) (ing)
(has/have)
(p.p. to be) (ing)

I have been working

You have been working
He / She / It has been working
We have been working
You have been working
They have been working

I haven't been working

You haven't been working
He / She / It hasn't been working
We haven't been working
You haven't been working
They haven't been working

Have I been working?

Have you been working?
Has he / she / it been working?
Have we been working?
Have you been working?
Have they been working?

Has Painted is the present perfect simple.

The action is finished. We are interested in the result of the action, not in the action itself.
Ex: The ceiling was white. Now it is blue. Ann has painted the ceiling.
Has been painting is the present perfect continuous.
We are interested in the action. It doesnt matter if the action was finished or not, but it is usually unfinished.
Ex: Anns clothes are covered in paint. She has been painting the ceiling.

Complete the sentences with the Simple Present, the Present Continuous, the Simple Past, the Past
Continuous or the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets and put the adverbs in the correct place.
1. Portuguese banks _______________ (to open) at 8 o'clock.
2. They always _______________ (to play) the piano in the evening.
3. Yesterday she ___________ (not/to be) in a good mood because she__________ (to lose) her keys.
4. Last year she _______________ (to spend) most of her time on the beach.
5. I _________________ (not/to eat) fish since I was eleven.
6. I ________________ (to listen) to music when you _______________ (to phone) last night.
7. ______________ (she/to go) to Spain two years ago?
8. She _______________ (usually/to go) to school by bus.
9. She ________________ (to give) him a watch yesterday but he _________________ (already/to lose) it.
10. I _________________ (not/to buy) a carpet yet.
11. He _________________ (to swim) three miles every day.
12. Let's go away! We _________________ (to be) here for more than half an hour.
13. Where _________________ (you/to go) for a holiday last year? I _____________ (go) to London.
14. She is very tired because she _________________ (not/to sleep) for two days.
15. My mother _________________ (just/to go) to the market.
16. Mr. Morgan is the tallest man I _________________ (ever/to know).
17. My mother _____________ (not/to like) vegetables and so we _____________ (not/to eat) soup very often.
18. She usually ________________ (to go) to work by car but this week she _______________ (to go) by bus.
19. Peter can't come to the phone right now. He _________________ (to have) a shower.
20. While they _________________ (to have) dinner, someone ______________ (to knock) at the door.

Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect Simple or the Present Perfect Continuous of the verbs in
brackets. Put the adverbs in the correct place when necessary.
1. This room is a mess! What _________________ (you/to do) all day?
2. Look at that man over there. He _________________ (to stand) there for hours.
3. He _________________ (to clean) the windows and he _________________ (not/to finish) yet.
4. The magazine _________________ (to publish) a report on English-speakers. Its excellent!
5. The teacher was late. When he arrived, the students said We _________________ (to wait) for you for
half an hour, teacher!.
6. The teacher was late. When he arrived, someone told him The students _________________ (to wait)
for you for half an hour and then they have gone! You were so late!.
7. They _________________ (to live) there for ages but they moved last week.
8. They _________________ (to live) here for ages and they love this place.
9. Peter _________________ (to finish) his book at last.
10. They _________________ (to queue) since midday and they are still waiting for their turn.
11. She _________________ (to wait) for one hour but she has left because they had to go to work.
12. He _________________ (to play) golf for ten years but then he stopped due to health problems.