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Chapter - 11 Electricity

This document outlines key concepts in electricity, including electric current, potential difference, resistance, and resistivity, along with Ohm's Law and the combination of resistors. It also covers electric power, electrical energy, and Joule's Law of heating, detailing formulas and units relevant for calculations. Important exam instructions emphasize the need for proper unit conversion, clear notation, and complete steps in numerical problems.

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Jayam Prasath
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9 views2 pages

Chapter - 11 Electricity

This document outlines key concepts in electricity, including electric current, potential difference, resistance, and resistivity, along with Ohm's Law and the combination of resistors. It also covers electric power, electrical energy, and Joule's Law of heating, detailing formulas and units relevant for calculations. Important exam instructions emphasize the need for proper unit conversion, clear notation, and complete steps in numerical problems.

Uploaded by

Jayam Prasath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class : X POINTS TO REMEMBER

Chapter – 11 : ELECTRICITY

ELECTRIC CURRENT AND POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE


 Electric current (I) = Rate flow of electric charge.
I=Q/t
 Potential difference (V) = Work done per unit charge.
V=W/Q
 Ohm’s Law
 V = IR
 At constant temperature, current is directly proportional to voltage.
 Graph between V and I → Straight line.
RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY

 R=V/I
 Unit: Ohm (Ω)
 Resistance depends on:
 Length (directly proportional)
 Area (inversely proportional)
 Material
 Temperature
 Resistivity
RA

l
 Resistivity depends on
 Nature
 Temperature
COMBINATION OF RESISTORS
 Series Combination - Current same, Voltage different.
 Parallel Combination - Voltage same, Current different.
ELECTRIC POWER

 P = VI
 P = I²R
 P = V² / R
 Unit: Watt (W)
ELECTRICAL ENERGY

 Electrical energy is the work done by an electric current.


E=Pxt
E = VIt
E = I2 Rt
V2
E= t
R
 Commercial Unit – kWh
 Electrical energy used in homes is measured in kilowatt-hour (kWh).
 1 kWh = 1 unit
 Watt → kilowatt (divide by 1000)
 1 kwh = 3.6 x 106J
JOULE’S LAW OF HEATING

H = I2Rt
 Heat produced depends on:
 Square of current (I²)
 Resistance (R)
 Time (t)
 Important Applications
 Electric heater
 Iron box
 Electric kettle
 Fuse wire
IMPORTANT EXAM INSTRUCTIONS
 Always write formula before substitution.
 Convert units properly (W → kW, min → hour).
 Mention unit clearly (J or kWh).
 Underline final answer.
 Show complete steps in numericals.

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