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Class 10 Electricity Notes and Formulas

Chapter 11 covers the fundamentals of electricity, including key concepts such as electric current, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's Law. It provides essential formulas for calculating electric current, power, energy, and the effects of resistance in series and parallel circuits. Additionally, it lists the SI units for various electrical quantities.

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10 views2 pages

Class 10 Electricity Notes and Formulas

Chapter 11 covers the fundamentals of electricity, including key concepts such as electric current, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's Law. It provides essential formulas for calculating electric current, power, energy, and the effects of resistance in series and parallel circuits. Additionally, it lists the SI units for various electrical quantities.

Uploaded by

richardbengamerz2011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 11 - Electricity (Class 10

Science)
Notes
 - Electric current (I) = Rate of flow of charge; SI Unit: Ampere (A)
 - I = Q / t; Q = charge in coulombs (C), t = time in seconds (s)
 - Potential difference (V) = Work done per unit charge; SI Unit: Volt (V)
 - V = W / Q; W = work in joules (J), Q = charge in coulombs (C)
 - Resistance (R) = Opposition to current; SI Unit: Ohm (Ω)
 - R = V / I; V in volts, I in amperes
 - Ohm’s Law: V = IR
 - Resistivity (ρ): SI Unit: Ohm meter (Ω·m); R = ρl / A
 - Length (l): meter (m); Area (A): square meter (m²)
 - Series: Rs = R1 + R2 + R3... (Current same)
 - Parallel: 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3... (Voltage same)
 - Heating effect: H = I²Rt = VIt = V²t/R; H in joules (J)
 - Electric power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R; SI Unit: Watt (W)
 - Energy: E = P × t; SI Unit: Joule (J); Commercial unit: kilowatt-hour (kWh)
 - 1 kWh = 3.6 × 10^6 joules (J)

Important Formulas
1. 1. Electric Current: I = Q / t ; SI Unit: A (Ampere)
2. 2. Potential Difference: V = W / Q ; SI Unit: V (Volt)
3. 3. Ohm's Law: V = IR ; R = V / I ; I = V / R ; SI Unit of R: Ohm (Ω)
4. 4. Resistance of a Wire: R = ρ × (l / A) ; SI Unit: Ohm (Ω)
5. 5. Series Combination: Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...
6. 6. Parallel Combination: 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...
7. 7. Heating Effect: H = I²Rt = VIt = V²t / R ; SI Unit: Joule (J)
8. 8. Electric Power: P = VI = I²R = V² / R ; SI Unit: Watt (W)
9. 9. Electrical Energy: E = P × t ; SI Unit: Joule (J)
10. 10. 1 kilowatt hour (kWh) = 3.6 × 10^6 joules (J)

SI Units of Key Quantities


Quantity Symbol SI Unit Unit Symbol

Electric current I Ampere A


Electric charge Q Coulomb C

Time t Second s

Potential difference V Volt V

Work / Energy W, E Joule J

Resistance R Ohm Ω

Resistivity ρ Ohm metre Ω·m

Power P Watt W

Area of cross- A Square metre m²


section

Length l Metre m

Heat (from current) H Joule J

Electric energy - kilowatt-hour kWh


(commercial)

Voltage V Volt V

Current density J Ampere/m² A/m²

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