Scribd
Upload
4 views2 pages

ip4

The document discusses 4-level quantization of an image using MATLAB, highlighting the distortion and loss of detail compared to a 16-level quantization. It explains the concept of bit depth reduction and contrasts sampling with quantization in terms of their effects on images. Additionally, it describes the effects of up-sampling, noting that while image size increases, no new details are added and the image may appear blurred.

Uploaded by

devpatel1676
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views2 pages

ip4

The document discusses 4-level quantization of an image using MATLAB, highlighting the distortion and loss of detail compared to a 16-level quantization. It explains the concept of bit depth reduction and contrasts sampling with quantization in terms of their effects on images. Additionally, it describes the effects of up-sampling, noting that while image size increases, no new details are added and the image may appear blurred.

Uploaded by

devpatel1676
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Quantization Levels (Gray Level Resolution)

(a) MATLAB Code for 4-Level Quantization


b=imread("C:\Users\devpa\OneDrive\Desktop\[Link]");

a=rgb2gray(b);

subplot(2,2,1)

imshow(a);

title('Original Image');

subplot(2,2,2)

imhist(a);

title('Histogram of Original Image');

[m,n] = size(a);

for i = 1:m

for j = 1:n

if a(i,j) < 64

a(i,j) = 32;

elseif a(i,j) < 128

a(i,j) = 96;

elseif a(i,j) < 192

a(i,j) = 160;

else

a(i,j) = 224;

end

end

end

subplot(2,2,3)

imshow(a);

title('Quantized Image (4 Levels)');

subplot(2,2,4)

imhist(a);

title('Histogram of Quantized Image');


(b) Observation
When the image is quantized to only 4 gray levels, the image appears highly distorted compared to the 16-level
quantized image. Fine details and smooth shading are lost, and false contouring becomes clearly visible. The
image looks more like a posterized or cartoon-like image.

(c) Concept: Bit Depth Reduction


Reducing the number of gray levels from 16 levels (4-bit) to 4 levels (2-bit) is called bit depth reduction.
Lower bit depth reduces the amount of information per pixel, resulting in loss of image details and visual
quality.

2. Difference Between Sampling and Quantization

Sampling Quantization

Divides the image in spatial domain Divides the image in intensity domain

Affects number of pixels Affects gray levels

Changes image resolution Changes image contrast levels

Related to pixel spacing Related to pixel intensity

Example: resizing image Example: 256 → 16 gray levels

3. Effect of Up-Sampling an Image

Up-sampling increases the number of pixels in an image by inserting new pixels between existing ones using
interpolation methods.

Effects of Up-Sampling:

 Image size increases

 No new details are added

 Image may appear blurred

 Edges may become smooth but not sharper

Conclusion:

Up-sampling improves image size for display purposes but cannot recover lost information.

You might also like