Module 6
Dredging
Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC
1. Capital Dredging vs Maintenance Dredging
DEFINITION:
Dredging is the under water removal of soil and
subsequent transportation to another place,
either for deepening or for profitable use
CAPITAL
MAINTENANCE
New Islands
New Ports
Remove
silt/sand from to
keep existing
water ways to
the required
depth
Drivers: Swift population towards coastal areas,
Economic growth, World population growth.
Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC
2. Draught
Water depth in the Port or Shipping channel required
Desired depth in Vietnam -12/14m
Tide Vungtau = 3 m
100.000 DWT = 8.000 TEU = approx. 16 m
80.000 DWT = 6.000 TEU = approx. 14 m
60.000 DWT = 4.000 TEU = approx. 12 m
Soai Rap river /
Hiep Phuoc -12?
Currently -5/6
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Cai Mep/Thi Vai -10 to 13m; TOA/Van Oord 2010
3. Soil conditions
Type of soil and the condition it is in
- Sand (Loose or Compacted)
- Silt
- Clay (Soft or Stiff)
- Gravel
- Rock
- Coral
Round
Gravel
Sharp
Silt
Modern Soil
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4. Reclamation
Creating Land in the Sea by dumping sand
Hai phong
Maasvlakte 2 Netherlands
WHY?
Project Vungtau
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5. Soil improvement
Improve the bearing capacity from reclaimed land
Methods:
- Compaction
- Wick/Vertical drains
- Vibro floatation
- Soil mixing
Consolidation
Kansai Airport sinks 50 cm per year
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6. Beach Nourishment
Replenish sand removed by currents
Break water
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7. Dredging Contractor
Company to carry out the Dredging work
THE BIG 4:
- Boskalis (Netherlands)
- Van Oord (Netherlands)
- Jan de Nul (Belgium)
- Dredging International (Belgium)
Together hold 60% of the world
Dredging market.
VINAWACO
Link with
Offshore?
Why they are BIG?:
- Buy best equipment (IHC)
- In house training school
- Large versatile fleet
- OPEX over CAPEX
Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC
8. TSHD
Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger
Trailing is to moving in one direction with
something resting on the ground.
Suction stand for the pump action, vacuuming
the seabed.
Hopper is area to contain the dredged
material.
Hopper capacity can vary from 1.500 m3 up to
34.000 m3.
Slurrification
Long Chau 1969
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How long to fill up?
9. Cutter Dredger
A stationary dredger that can mechanically excavate the seabed
Slurry
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Application?
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10. Beaver Dredger
Smaller cutter dredger by IHC
Vietnam owns 9 IHC
Beaver Dredgers and
about 10 more from
other manufacturers
Vietnam has 3 Hopper
Dredgers operational
between 1.500 m3 and
4.000 m3.
Application?
Oil & Gas introduction Course for NonEngineers SEC
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11. Dipper Dredger
A stationary dredger that uses a bucket
to excavate the seabed
Vietnam: Clamshell or Grab Dredging
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12. Excavator
Dredging using an
excavator on a pontoon
Application?
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13. Split Hopper
Barge to transport dredged material that can dump quickly by splitting the hull
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14. Multi Cat
Work boat to assist a cutter dredger with different tasks
- Personnel transfer
- Change cutter head or teeth
- Hook-up of floating pipe line
- Towing Dredger to site
MOVIES
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15. Production
How much dry material is dredged per second
m = Density Mixture
w = Density Water
g = Density In situ
Critical velocity 3 m/s
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16. Suction/Drag head
Suction mouth that is trailing on the
seabed at the end of the suction tube
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17. Cutter teeth
Clay /
Silt
Sand /
Gravel
Rock / Coral
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18. Impeller / Pump Housing
Double
walled
pump
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19. Discharge pressure
Pressure at the pressure side of the dredge pump
Pressure
Pressure
Cavitation
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20. Rain bowing
Emptying the hopper by re-slurrifying the sand and spraying it from the bow
How Far?
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21. Floating Pipeline
Pipe line to transport mixture from the dredger to the dump site
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22. Booster Station
Installation in the pipeline to bring the pressure back up
Dumpsite
6 km
6 km
Booster
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23. Bottom Doors
Unloading the hopper by dumping through bottom doors
Bottom door
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24. Barge Loading
Pump the mixture in a barge that is moored next to the Hopper or Cutter
The Dredging Cycle
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