`

CHAPTER 4
LABOUR MANAGEMENT PRACTICES DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION

4.1 Descriptive Statistics

Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics

Research Statements N Mean Std. Deviation

Growing competition in the age of globalization has necessitated the
practice of being better, faster and cheaper in all the operations of a
200 3.86 1.011
being enterprise and the objective of maximization of profit is achieved at
the cost of employee wellfare
Maximizing shareholder value at cost of employee welfare has led to the
practice of replacement of regular employees by cheap and replaceable 200 3.98 .956
contractual employees.
Low levels of regular employees ( enjoying the benefits of job secuirty,
stability, medical benefits, provident fund allowance and other fringe
benefits) and high levels of contractual employees (not getting any of the 200 4.03 .979
benefits being enjoyed by regular employees) is a defining feature of
indian automobile sector
Repetitive removal and reappointment of contractual employees every
few months to stop contractual employees getting entitled to medical
200 3.95 1.011
benefits and provident fund allowance is a sign of management's apathy
and insensitivity to the genuine needs of contractual employees
Frequently changing shifts and overtime requirements put heavy stress
and strain on already overworked employees (both regular and
200 4.00 .922
contractual) of Indian Automobile Sector, affecting motivation and
satisfaction levels
Supervisors' behaviour towards shop floor workers (who are mostly
contractual) is not always respectful and friendly, often causing aviodable 200 3.92 .915
clashes
`

Management's divide and rule policy to divide regular and contractual

employees by promoting labour unions conforming to management's
diktats and suppressing independent labour unions promoting genuine 200 3.75 .831
employee welfare has made a mockery of the principle of collective
bargaining in thr Automobile sector
Ever-Increasing production targets, harsher work-speed requirements and
decreasing rest periods are leading to the labour being treated as 200 4.23 .753
industrial robots in Indian Automobile sector
Huge gap between the wages of regular and contractual employees is
leading to resentment, dissatisfaction and labour unrest in indian 200 4.03 .808
automobile sector
Mangement's persecution (often with the help of the state of
representatives of stiking cpntractual employees demanding fair wages
200 3.82 .918
and equal rights is leading to growing incidence of industrial unrest and
violence in the Indian Automobile Industry
Management's inability/unwillingness to understand changed labour
market realities and use of subversive divide and rule tactics (in contrast
200 4.13 .739
to a negotiated settlement with the labour) is responsible for growing
Industrial unrest in Indian Automobilesector
Outsourcing of labour to cheap but exploitative labour contracrtors (who
prey on poor and needy labour ) is a win-lose equation for automobile 200 4.07 .751
companies and industry' s labour contributing to Industrial unrest
Non-Recognition and Non-Registration of Independent (from
mangement's control) Trade Unions often to Industrial strikes and 200 3.90 .865
lockouts in the Indian Automobile Industry
Managements's refusal in allowing fair hikes and integration of
contractual employees as permanent staff is the biggest roadblock to
200 3.93 .929
peaceful and conducive work environment and is responsible for growing
industrial unrest in the Indian Automobile Sector.
Growing literacy, better awareness and higher aspirations among the
contractual employees is leading to a more assertive labour force fighting
200 4.08 .810
for its rights, claming a genuine share in the profitability pie of the
company
India's archaic laour laws are working against the interests of both the
200 4.00 .740
labour and Automobile industry's interest and need to reformed urgently
Violence initiated by security forces (often paid by mangement) to get rid
of striking organized workers in an ugly reality in Indian Automoblie 200 4.04 .739
sector which must be firmly dealt by the state
`

State's collusion with influential Automobile companies (in arresting and

torturing peaceful striking workers and thus ending strikes and lockouts)
200 4.12 .677
often leads to the spread of industrial unrest from one company to others
(like wildfire) and must be prevented
Growing labour unrest in Indian Automobile Sector is servely impacting
the profitablity and business prospects of the industry eroding
200 4.21 .677
shareholder value and needs to be nipped in the bud the larger interest of
the industry & the workforce
Fierce cut-throat competition and resultant declining profitablity
necessitates peaceful and conducive work environment in the Indian
200 4.26 .595
Automobile Sector for which both the management and Trade Unions are
equally reponsible.
The State must act in an impartial and unbased manner in Industrial
Disputes and must ensure protection of labour's interest along with 200 4.52 .501
Industry's interest
Unless steps taken by Management and the State to understand and
redress genuine employee redentment and dissatisfaction the Indian
143 4.56 .512
Automobile Sector shall continue to be torn by industrial unrest and
violence
Valid N (listwise) 143

Source: Primary Data

4.2 To study the prevalent labour management practices of contractual and

regular employees in the automobile sector.

Table 4.2 Growing competition in the age of globalization has necessitated the practice of being
''better, faster and cheaper'' in all the operations of a being enterprise and the objective of
maximization of profit is achieved at the cost of employee wellfare
`

Table 4.2 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent
Disagree 25 12.5 12.5

Neutral 42 21.0 33.5

Agree 68 34.0 67.5

Strongly Agree 65 32.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Source: Primary Data

Table 4.2 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 125.781a 13 9.675 23.199 .000
Intercept 288.361 1 288.361 691.406 .000
Gender 4.698 1 4.698 11.265 .001*
Residence 8.811 3 2.937 7.042 .000*
Age .626 3 .209 .500 .682
Education 1.145 1 1.145 2.744 .099
Nature of Appointment 12.396 1 12.396 29.723 .000*
Designation 3.305 4 .826 1.981 .099
Error 77.574 186 .417
Total 3191.000 200
Corrected Total 203.355 199
a. R Squared = .619 (Adjusted R Squared = .592)
* at 5% level of significance
Source: Primary Data
`

Table 4.3 Maximizing shareholder value at cost of employee welfare has led to the practice of
replacement of regular employees by cheap and replaceable contractual employees.

Table 4.3 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 19 9.5 9.5

Neutral 36 18.0 27.5
Agree 75 37.5 65.0
Strongly Agree 70 35.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0

Table 4.3 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 83.527a 13 6.425 12.146 .000

Intercept 311.559 1 311.559 588.966 .000

Gender .017 1 .017 .032 .858

Residence 4.500 3 1.500 2.835 .039*

Age .616 3 .205 .388 .762

Education .564 1 .564 1.066 .303

Nature of Appointment 48.940 1 48.940 92.515 .000*

Designation .815 4 .204 .385 .819

Error 98.393 186 .529

Total 3350.000 200

Corrected Total 181.920 199

a. R Squared = .459 (Adjusted R Squared = .421)

`

Table 4.4:- Low levels of regular employees (enjoying the benefits of job secuirty, stability,
medical benefits, provident fund allowance and other fringe benefits) and high levels of
contractual employees (not getting any of the benefits being enjoyed by regular employees) is
leading to the problem of indusrial unrest in indian automobile sector

Table 4.4 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent
Disagree 20 10.0 10.0
Neutral 33 16.5 26.5
Agree 69 34.5 61.0
Strongly Agree 78 39.0 100.0
Total 200 100.0

Table 4.4 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 68.894a 13 5.300 8.081 .000

Intercept 418.960 1 418.960 638.840 .000

Gender 1.284 1 1.284 1.957 .163

Age 3.429 3 1.143 1.743 .160

Residence 1.780 3 .593 .905 .440

Education 3.207 1 3.207 4.890 .028

Appointment 16.014 1 16.014 24.419 .000

Designation 17.112 4 4.278 6.523 .000

Error 121.981 186 .656

Total 3431.000 200

Corrected Total 190.875 199

a. R Squared = .361 (Adjusted R Squared = .316)

`

Table 4.5 Repetitive removal and reappointment of contractual employees every few months to stop contractual employees
getting entitled to medical benefits and provident fund allowance is a sign of management's apathy and insensitivity to the
genuine needs of contractual employees.

Table 4.5 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 23 11.5 11.5

Neutral 38 19.0 30.5

Agree 65 32.5 63.0

Strongly Agree 74 37.0 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.5 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 95.722a 13 7.363 12.707 .000

Intercept 295.931 1 295.931 510.708 .000

Gender .722 1 .722 1.245 .266

Age .730 3 .243 .420 .739

Residence 6.718 3 2.239 3.864 .010

Education .115 1 .115 .199 .656

Appointment 23.799 1 23.799 41.072 .000

Designation 3.859 4 .965 1.665 .160

Error 107.778 186 .579

Total 3324.000 200

Corrected Total 203.500 199

a. R Squared = .470 (Adjusted R Squared = .433)

`

Table 4.6 Huge gap between the wages of regular and contractual employees is leading to resentment, dissatisfaction and labour
unrest in indian automobile sector.

Table 4.6 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent

Disagree 9 4.5 4.5

Neutral 35 17.5 22.0

Agree 97 48.5 70.5

Strongly Agree 59 29.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.6 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 46.182a 13 3.552 7.900 .000

Intercept 337.840 1 337.840 751.314 .000

Gender 1.231 1 1.231 2.737 .100

Age 7.998 3 2.666 5.929 .001

Residence 11.557 3 3.852 8.567 .000

Education 2.858 1 2.858 6.357 .013

Appointment 14.137 1 14.137 31.439 .000

Designation .970 4 .243 .539 .707

Error 83.638 186 .450

Total 3378.000 200

Corrected Total 129.820 199

a. R Squared = .356 (Adjusted R Squared = .311)

`

Table 4.7:Ever-Increasing production targets, harsher work-speed requirements and decreasing rest periods are leading to the
labour being treated as industrial robots in Indian Automobile sector

Table 4.7 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 3 1.5 1.5

Neutral 30 15.0 16.5

Agree 86 43.0 59.5

Strongly Agree 81 40.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.7 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 28.198a 13 2.169 4.765 .000

Intercept 357.407 1 357.407 785.075 .000

Gender 8.773 1 8.773 19.270 .000

Age 3.227 3 1.076 2.363 .073

Residence 2.098 3 .699 1.537 .207

Education 2.488 1 2.488 5.466 .020

Appointment 6.358 1 6.358 13.966 .000

Designation 5.756 4 1.439 3.161 .015

Error 84.677 186 .455

Total 3683.000 200

Corrected Total 112.875 199

a. R Squared = .250 (Adjusted R Squared = .197)

`

Table 4.8 Frequently changing shifts and overtime requirements put heavy stress and strain on already overworked
employees of Indian Automobile Sector, affecting motivation & satisfaction levels

Table 4.8 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 17 8.5 8.5 8.5

Neutral 33 16.5 16.5 25.0

Agree 82 41.0 41.0 66.0

Strongly Agree 68 34.0 34.0 100.0

Total 200 100.0 100.0

Table 4.8 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 63.002a 13 4.846 8.504 .000

Intercept 271.825 1 271.825 477.007 .000

Gender 1.610 1 1.610 2.826 .094

Age 5.415 3 1.805 3.168 .026

Residence 19.253 3 6.418 11.262 .000

Education .241 1 .241 .423 .516

Appointment 3.131 1 3.131 5.494 .020

Designation 9.003 4 2.251 3.950 .004

Error 105.993 186 .570

Total 3377.000 200

Corrected Total 168.995 199

a. R Squared = .373 (Adjusted R Squared = .329)

`

Table 4.9:-Supervisors' behaviour towards shop floor workers is not always respectful and friendly, often causing aviodable
clashes
Table 4.9 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 17 8.5 8.5

Neutral 41 20.5 29.0

Agree 83 41.5 70.5

Strongly Agree 59 29.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.9 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 63.119a 13 4.855 8.717 .000

Intercept 297.767 1 297.767 534.594 .000

Gender .954 1 .954 1.712 .192

Age 5.616 3 1.872 3.361 .020

Residence 5.459 3 1.820 3.267 .023

Education .003 1 .003 .006 .939

Appointment 1.847 1 1.847 3.316 .070

Designation 18.583 4 4.646 8.341 .000

Error 103.601 186 .557

Total 3240.000 200

Corrected Total 166.720 199

a. R Squared = .379 (Adjusted R Squared = .335)

`

Table 4.10:- Outsourcing of labour to cheap but exploitative labour contracrtors (who prey on poor and needy
labour ) is a win-lose equation for automobile companies and industry' s labour contributing to Industrial unrest

Table 4.10 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Neutral 54 27.0 27.0

Agree 91 45.5 72.5

Strongly Agree 55 27.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.10 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 15.400a 13 1.185 2.354 .006

Intercept 342.740 1 342.740 681.122 .000

Gender 1.423 1 1.423 2.827 .094

Age 1.941 3 .647 1.285 .281

Residence 3.390 3 1.130 2.246 .084

Education .057 1 .057 .112 .738

Appointment 2.208 1 2.208 4.389 .038

Designation 2.323 4 .581 1.154 .333

Error 93.595 186 .503

Total 3317.000 200

Corrected Total 108.995 199

a. R Squared = .141 (Adjusted R Squared = .081)

`

Table 4.11:-Outsourcing of labour to cheap but exploitative labour contracrtors (who prey on poor and needy labour) is a win-
lose equation for automobile companies and industry' s labour contributing to Industrial unrest

Table 4.11 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Neutral 50 25.0 25.0

Agree 87 43.5 68.5

Strongly Agree 63 31.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Type III Sum of

Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 19.110a 13 1.470 2.939 .001

Intercept 420.842 1 420.842 841.275 .000

Gender 1.306 1 1.306 2.611 .108

Residence .606 3 .202 .404 .750

Age 7.272 3 2.424 4.845 .003

Education .415 1 .415 .830 .363

Appointment 6.951 1 6.951 13.896 .000

Designation 5.328 4 1.332 2.662 .034

Error 93.045 186 .500

Total 3417.000 200

Corrected Total 112.155 199

a. R Squared = .170 (Adjusted R Squared = .112)

`

Table 4.12:-Non-Recognition and Non-Registration of Independent (from mangement's control) Trade Unions often to Industrial
strikes and lockouts in the Indian Automobile Industry

Table 4.12 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 12 6.0 6.0

Neutral 50 25.0 31.0

Agree 85 42.5 73.5

Strongly Agree 53 26.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.12 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 32.716a 13 2.517 4.033 .000

Intercept 370.364 1 370.364 593.457 .000

Gender .491 1 .491 .787 .376

Age 5.472 3 1.824 2.922 .035

Residence 5.808 3 1.936 3.102 .028

Education .066 1 .066 .105 .746

Appointment 1.072 1 1.072 1.718 .192

Designation 4.931 4 1.233 1.975 .100

Error 116.079 186 .624

Total 3183.000 200

Corrected Total 148.795 199

a. R Squared = .220 (Adjusted R Squared = .165)

`

Table4.13:-Management's divide and rule policy to divide regular and contractual employees by promoting labour unions
conforming to management's diktats and suppressing independent labour unions promoting genuine employee welfare has made a
mockery of the principle of collective bargaining in the Automobile sector

Table 4.13 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 17 8.5 8.5

Neutral 49 24.5 33.0

Agree 101 50.5 83.5

Strongly Agree 33 16.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.13 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 32.074a 13 2.467 4.353 .000

Intercept 341.059 1 341.059 601.721 .000

Gender .219 1 .219 .386 .535

Age 5.285 3 1.762 3.108 .028

Residence 5.406 3 1.802 3.179 .025

Education .119 1 .119 .209 .648

Appointment 6.244 1 6.244 11.016 .001

Designation 7.464 4 1.866 3.292 .012

Error 105.426 186 .567

Total 2950.000 200

Corrected Total 137.500 199

a. R Squared = .233 (Adjusted R Squared = .180)

`

Table4.14:Mangement's persecution (often with the help of the state of representatives of stiking cpntractual employees
demanding fair wages and equal rights is leading to growing incidence of industrial unrest and violence in the Indian Automobile
Industry

Table 4.14 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 22 11.0 11.0

Neutral 39 19.5 30.5

Agree 92 46.0 76.5

Strongly Agree 47 23.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.14 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 46.468a 13 3.574 5.492 .000

Intercept 289.604 1 289.604 444.984 .000

Gender .243 1 .243 .374 .542

Age 2.711 3 .904 1.389 .248

Residence .704 3 .235 .361 .781

Education .121 1 .121 .185 .667

Appointment 10.625 1 10.625 16.326 .000

Designation 3.838 4 .960 1.474 .212

Error 121.052 186 .651

Total 3086.000 200

Corrected Total 167.520 199

a. R Squared = .277 (Adjusted R Squared = .227)

`

Table 4.15:-Managements's refusal in allowing fair hikes and integration of contractual employees as permanent staff is the
biggest roadblock to peaceful and conducive work environment in the Indian Automobile Sector.

Table 4.15 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 17 8.5 8.5

Neutral 43 21.5 30.0

Agree 78 39.0 69.0

Strongly Agree 62 31.0 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.15 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 28.781a 13 2.214 2.878 .001

Intercept 362.328 1 362.328 470.969 .000

Gender 4.335 1 4.335 5.635 .019

Residence 1.248 3 .416 .541 .655

Age 6.372 3 2.124 2.761 .043

Education 3.785 1 3.785 4.919 .028

Appointment 3.015 1 3.015 3.919 .049

Designation 8.188 4 2.047 2.661 .034

Error 143.094 186 .769

Total 3253.000 200

Corrected Total 171.875 199

a. R Squared = .167 (Adjusted R Squared = .109)

`

Table 4.16:Growing literacy, better awareness and higher aspirations among the contractual employees is leading to a more
assertive labour force fighting for its rights, claming a genuine share in the profitability pie of the company

Table 4.16 (A) Inferential Statistics

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent

Disagree 8 4.0 4.0

Neutral 34 17.0 21.0

Agree 92 46.0 67.0

Strongly Agree 66 33.0 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.16 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 35.240a 13 2.711 5.281 .000

Intercept 339.912 1 339.912 662.167 .000

Gender 1.380 1 1.380 2.688 .103

Residence 2.705 3 .902 1.756 .157

Age 7.013 3 2.338 4.554 .004

Education .096 1 .096 .186 .666

Appointment 6.367 1 6.367 12.403 .001

Designation 12.866 4 3.216 6.266 .000

Error 95.480 186 .513

Total 3460.000 200

Corrected Total 130.720 199

a. R Squared = .270 (Adjusted R Squared = .219)

`

Table 4.17:-Management's inability/unwillingness to understand changed labour market realities and use of subversive

divide and rule tactics (in contrast to a negotiated settlement with the labour) is responsible for growing Industrial unrest

in Indian Automobilesector

Table 4.17 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent

Disagree 2 1.0 1.0

Neutral 37 18.5 19.5

Agree 94 47.0 66.5

Strongly Agree 67 33.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.17 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 20.507a 13 1.577 3.330 .000

Intercept 407.018 1 407.018 859.187 .000

Gender 2.674 1 2.674 5.644 .019

Residence 1.025 3 .342 .722 .540

Age 7.839 3 2.613 5.516 .001

Education 1.449 1 1.449 3.058 .082

Appointment 1.070 1 1.070 2.259 .135

Designation 2.438 4 .609 1.287 .277

Error 88.113 186 .474

Total 3520.000 200

Corrected Total 108.620 199

a. R Squared = .189 (Adjusted R Squared = .132)

`

Table 4.18:Violence initiated by security forces (often paid by mangement) to get rid of striking organized workers in an ugly
reality in Indian Automoblie sector which must be firmly dealt by the state

Table 4.18 (A) Inferential Statistics

Respone Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent

Disagree 4 2.0 2.0

Neutral 39 19.5 21.5

Agree 103 51.5 73.0

Strongly Agree 54 27.0 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 42.766a 13 3.290 9.272 .000

Intercept 320.182 1 320.182 902.481 .000

Gender 3.663 1 3.663 10.323 .002

Residence 4.220 3 1.407 3.965 .009

Age 8.207 3 2.736 7.711 .000

Education .410 1 .410 1.155 .284

Appointment .424 1 .424 1.194 .276

Designation 17.301 4 4.325 12.191 .000

Error 65.989 186 .355

Total 3365.000 200

Corrected Total 108.755 199

a. R Squared = .393 (Adjusted R Squared = .351)

Table 4.18 (B) Univariate Analysis

`

Table
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

4.19:State's collusion with influential Automobile companies (in arresting and torturing peaceful striking workers and thus
ending strikes and lockouts) often leads to the spread of industrial unrest from one company to others (like wildfire) and must be
prevented

Table 4.19 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Disagree 4 2.0 2.0

Neutral 23 11.5 13.5

Agree 118 59.0 72.5

Strongly Agree 55 27.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.19 (B) Univariate Analysis

`

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 15.202a 13 1.169 2.865 .001

Intercept 384.896 1 384.896 942.996 .000

Gender 6.230 1 6.230 15.264 .000

Residence 1.513 3 .504 1.235 .298

Age 1.910 3 .637 1.560 .201

Education .271 1 .271 .664 .416

Appointment 3.118 1 3.118 7.638 .006

Designation 2.886 4 .722 1.768 .137

Error 75.918 186 .408

Total 3486.000 200

Corrected Total 91.120 199

a. R Squared = .167 (Adjusted R Squared = .109)

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Table 4.20:Growing labour unrest in Indian Automobile Sector is servely impacting the profitablity and business prospects of the
industry eroding shareholder value and needs to be nipped in the bud the larger interest of the industry & the workforce

Table 4.20 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent

Disagree 5 2.5 2.5

Neutral 14 7.0 9.5

Agree 115 57.5 67.0

Strongly Agree 66 33.0 100.0

Total 200 100.0

`

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 9.598a 13 .738 1.683 .067

Intercept 386.867 1 386.867 882.026 .000

Gender 3.501 1 3.501 7.981 .005

Residence 1.873 3 .624 1.423 .237

Age 1.050 3 .350 .798 .496

Education .045 1 .045 .102 .750

Appointment .852 1 .852 1.944 .165

Designation 1.126 4 .282 .642 .633

Error 81.582 186 .439

Total 3636.000 200

Corrected Total 91.180 199

a. R Squared = .105 (Adjusted R Squared = .043)

Table 4.20 (B) Univariate Analysis

Table4.21:Fierce cut-throat competition and resultant declining profitablity necessitates peaceful and conducive work
environment in the Indian Automobile Sector for which both the management and Trade Unions are equally reponsible.
`

Table 4.21 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent

Disagree 2 1.0 1.0

Neutral 10 5.0 6.0

Agree 122 61.0 67.0

Strongly Agree 66 33.0 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.21 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 5.451a 13 .419 1.199 .283

Intercept 450.529 1 450.529 1.289E3 .000

Gender .091 1 .091 .261 .610

Residence .337 3 .112 .322 .810

Age .867 3 .289 .827 .481

Education .083 1 .083 .236 .627

Appointment .961 1 .961 2.750 .099

Designation 2.188 4 .547 1.565 .186

Error 65.029 186 .350

Total 3700.000 200

Corrected Total 70.480 199

a. R Squared = .077 (Adjusted R Squared = .013)

Table
4.22:The State must act in an impartial and unbased manner in Industrial Disputes and must ensure protection of labour's interest
along with Industry's interest
`

Table 4.22 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent

Agree 96 48.0 48.0

Strongly Agree 104 52.0 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.22 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 7.041a 13 .542 2.350 .006

Intercept 448.280 1 448.280 1.945E3 .000

Gender .198 1 .198 .860 .355

Residence 1.554 3 .518 2.248 .084

Age 1.325 3 .442 1.916 .128

Education 1.387 1 1.387 6.018 .015

Appointment 2.713 1 2.713 11.770 .001

Designation .259 4 .065 .281 .890

Error 42.879 186 .231

Total 4136.000 200

Corrected Total 49.920 199

a. R Squared = .141 (Adjusted R Squared = .081)

Table 4.23:Unless steps taken by Management and the State to understand and redress genuine employee redentment and
dissatisfaction the Indian Automobile Sector shall continue to be torn by industrial unrest and violence
`

Table 4.23 (A) Inferential Statistics

Response Frequency Percent Cumulative Percent

Neutral 12 6.0 6.0

Agree 83 41.5 47.5

Strongly Agree 105 52.5 100.0

Total 200 100.0

Table 4.22 (B) Univariate Analysis

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 13.403a 13 1.031 3.178 .000

Intercept 414.655 1 414.655 1.278E3 .000

Gender .329 1 .329 1.015 .315

Residence 3.265 3 1.088 3.354 .020

Age 1.069 3 .356 1.098 .351

Education .972 1 .972 2.995 .085

Appointment .336 1 .336 1.036 .310

Designation .668 4 .167 .515 .725

Error 60.352 186 .324

Total 4061.000 200

Corrected Total 73.755 199

a. R Squared = .182 (Adjusted R Squared = .125)