Experimental Investigation of Recycled Coarse

Aggregate in Concrete with Mineral Admixtures

Jerin Shibu*, Frank Stephen+
*
M.E Structural Engineering Student [Link]’s Catholic College of Engineering chunkankadai, Nagercoil,
Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu.
+
Assistant Professor,Ph.D Scholar Bharath University Chennai-73, Department of Civil Engineering,
[Link]’s Catholic College of Engineering,chunkankadai Nagercoil,Kanyakumari,Tamilnadu.

1.1 Advantages of using recycled coarse aggregate

with admixtures
Abstract
Using recycled concrete aggregate reduces the impact
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregates on landfills, decreases energy consumption & cost
bounded together with a fluid cement which hardens over saving. Using recycled aggregate material as gravel
time. Concrete is the most common and useful material in
reduces the need for gravel mining. Silica Fume
the construction industry and its demand get increasing day
increases the strength and durability of concrete.
to day. Coarse aggregate is a compressive member plays an
important roll in concrete. Extraction of natural coarse Silica fume improves resistance to corrosion and

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aggregate to produce concrete has considerable protect the structure from aggressive [Link] ash
environmental consequences. So in order to reduce the improves workability. Fly ash prevents the concrete
usage of natural coarse aggregate recycled aggregate can be from acids and alkali silica [Link] shrinkage of
used as the replacement material, which is generally high volume fly ash concrete is generally less than
collected from demolished buildings, roads, bridges etc. To conventional concrete.
enhance the strength of recycled aggregate concrete two
different admixtures are added along with the concrete 1.2 Objectives of the Project
Silica Fume, Fly Ash by using this admixtures we can
reduce the percentage of usage of cement in concrete. So To study the recycled coarse aggregate concrete and
that emission of CO2 gas during production of cement get its effect as waste minimize in construction. To
reduces. The aim of the project is to increase the strength of reduce the quantity of cement in manufacture of
concrete by adding more percentage of recycled coarse
[Link] determine the strength characteristics of
aggregate by replacing natural coarse aggregate.
concrete by adding recycled coarse aggregate
Key Words: NCA, RCA, Silica fume, Fly ash (25%,50%,75%) along with silica fume(5%) and fly
ash(30%).To carry out different testes on recycled
1. Introduction aggregate concrete and natural aggregate concrete
and compare their results. To reduce the impact of
All countries are focusing on sustainable technology
waste materials on environment. To reduce the cost
that can be adopted for the use of concrete in a better of concrete.
way. So it is felt that the use of cementitious
materials improve packing density of concrete which 2. Methodology
can be a solution to many problems. The
cementitious materials including recycled coarse Literature review, Collection of materials, Testing of
aggregates are mixed in different proportions 25%, materials, Concrete mix design, Testing on fresh
50%, 75% and the mixed concrete is casted into concrete, Casting of specimens, curing of specimens,
cubes of size 150x150x150mm, cylinders of size Testing on hardened concrete, Conclusion,
150x300mm and prisms of size 100x100x500mm. References.
These specimens are casted and tested for 14 and 28
days of curing.
2.1Collection of Materials

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Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate (20mm), Water,

Cement (OPC 53 grade), Silica fume, Fly ash,
Recycled coarse aggregate (20mm), Super Plastizer.

Fig 3 Silica Fume

2.1.3 Fly ash

The ash produced at thermal power stations by

Fig 1 Collection of Materials
burning of coal and lignite is known as fly ash. Fly
2.1.1 Recycled Coarse Aggregate ash is a pozzolonic material which behaves like
cement in presence of lime/cement and water. It
In order to reduce the usage of natural aggregate, improves [Link] the concrete from acids
recycled aggregate can be used as the replacement and alkali silica [Link] to freezing &
material. These recycled coarse aggregate is thawing.
generally collected from demolished buildings, roads,

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bridges etc. Recycled aggregate is comprised of
crushed, graded inorganic particles processed from
the materials that have been used in the construction
&demolition debris.

Fig 4 Fly Ash

3. Testing of Materials

Table 1 Material testing values

Fig 2 Recycled Coarse Aggregate

Coarse Aggregate Recycled Coarse
2.1.2Silica Fume or Micro Silica Aggregate
properties Values Properties Values
Silica fume is a byproduct of producing silicon metal
or Ferro Silicon alloys. One of the most beneficial
Specific 2.6 Specific 2.7
use of silica fume is in concrete because of its
chemical and physical properties. Silica fume is 100 Gravity Gravity
to 150 times smaller than a cement particle it can fill
voids created by free water in the matrix. Silica fume
Fineness 5.6 Fineness 6.2
is added to fresh concrete it chemically react with
calcium hydrates (CH) to produce additional calcium Modulus Modulus
silicate hydrates (CSH).
Water 0.5% Water 1.2%
Absorption Absorption

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RCA 25
Fine Aggregate Cement, Silica Fume, Silica Fume 5
Fly Ash M2 Fly Ash 30
Super plastizer 1
properties Values Properties Values
RCA 50
M3 Silica Fume 5
Fly Ash 30
Specific 2.7 Specific 3.15
Super plastizer 1
Gravity Gravity(C) RCA 75
Silica Fume 5
M4 Fly Ash 30
Fineness 3.62 Specific 2.2 Super plastizer 1
Modulus Gravity(SF)

5. Testing on Fresh Concrete

Water 1.2% Specific 2.5 5.1Slump Cone Test
Absorption Gravity(FA)

4. Concrete mix design

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Type of cement - OPC 53 grade

Water cement ratio - 0.45

Weight of cement – 438kg/m³

Fig 5 Slump Cone Test
Weight of fine aggregate –717.12kg/m³
The slump value of the concrete is 80mm
Weight of coarse aggregate – 1035.88kg/m³
5.2Flow Table Test
Table 2 Mix Proportion

Cement Fine Coarse Water

aggregate aggregate

438 717.12 1035.8 197

Fig 6 Flow Table Test

1 1.6 2.3 0.44
The flow % of the concrete is 58%

6. Casting of Specimens
4.1Description of Mix Proportion

Table 3 Description of Mix Proportion

The concrete after workability was used for casting
the casting of concrete is by using steel moulds.
Design Material Proportion Cube, Cylinder, Prism moulds are used for casting
ID (%) concrete. Cube moulds of size 150x150x150mm.
Conventional - Cylinder moulds of size 150x300mm. Prism moulds
M1 Concrete

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100x100x500mm were used. The concrete was filled Table 4 Compressive strength values
in three layers. Each layer was compacted with
standard tamping rod. compressive compressive
strength strength
Types of mix in(N/mm²) in(N/mm²)

14days 28days

M1(M30) 31.02 35.07

M2(25%) 32.03 36.2

M3(50%) 27.34 29.62

Fig 7 Casting of Specimens M4(75%) 22.65 24

7. Curing Of Specimens

After 24 hrs the specimens are immersed in to water

for initial curing. The specimens are removed from
the mould after 24 hrs and cured in water for 14& 28

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days.

Fig 8 Curing Of Specimens

8. Testing of Hardened Concrete

8.2 Split tensile strength
8.1Compressive strength of cubes

Fig 10 Split tensile Strength Test on Concrete Cylinders(UTM)

Fig 9 Compression Test on Concrete Cubes(UTM)

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Table 5 Split tensile strength values Table 6 Flexural strength values

flexural flexural split tensile split tensile

strength strength strength strength
Types of mix in(N/mm²) in(N/mm²) Types of mix in(N/mm²) in(N/mm²)

14days 28days 14days 28days

M1(M30) 3.08 3.90 M1(M30) 2.23 3.20

M2(25%) 3.20 4 M2(25%) 2.27 3.22

M3(50%) 3.21 3.76 M3(50%) 2.12 3.13

M4(75%) 2.31 2.80 M4(75%) 1.9 2.9

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8.3 Flexural strength of prism 9. Conclusion

The performance of concrete with different

proportion of recycled aggregate was studied in
depth. The compressive strength test, Split tensile
strength test, Flexural strength test were carried out
and following conclusion are drawn.

Using recycled aggregate up to 50% along with

admixtures the strength (compressive strength, split
tensile strength, flexural strength) get increases and
the value is nearer to conventional concrete. Above
50% there is a reduction in the strength of concrete.
The strength is more at 25% replacement. By using
Fig 11 Flexural Strength Test on Concrete Prism recycled coarse aggregate the cost of construction get
reduced and by adding silica fume there is an
increase in the fresh as well as hardened properties
of concrete at the same time durability will get

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increases, reinforcement corrosion is reduced. Fly ash [9] Huai-shuai Shang,Tie-jun Zhao,Wei-qun Cao,
also helps to reduce percentage of usage of cement “Bond behavior between steel bars and recycled
and gives good workability during the production of aggregate concrete after freez-thaw cycles” Cold
recycled aggregate concrete. Regions Science and Technology 118 (2015) 38–44

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Xiao Vivian, “Long-term deformation behavior of
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