1 Compression Members

PROBLEMS ON COMPRESSION MEMBERS

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Problem 1) Design a single angle Discontinuous strut connected at each end to 10 mm thick
gusset plate carrying an factored load of 50 KN In cases given below. It is 2.75

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mt. long between intersections which is restrained in position but not in direction
at each end. ? Take 𝑓𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑝𝑎
a) 20 mm ∅ bolts of grade 4.6.
b) Welded connection
Answer : Given a) P = 50 KN
b) Length of member (clear) = 2.75 mt = 2.75 × 103 mm
∴ 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = K L = 1 × 2.75 × 103 = 2.75 × 103 mm……………......IS 800-2007; pg. 45

Assuming an approximate Design compressive stress (𝜎𝑎𝑐 ) = 60 𝑁 ⁄𝑚𝑚2

50 × 103
Area Reqd. For the strut (𝐴𝑅𝑒𝑞 ) = 60
= 833.33 mm2
Refer the steel table and select ISA 60 × 60 × 8 mm
For this angle ; A = 896 mm2 , 𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑟𝑥𝑥 = 𝑟𝑦𝑦 = Min. Radius of Gyration = 18 mm
Design Compressive stress ( 𝒇𝒄𝒅 ) : ….(refer pg. 04 for values )

∴ Design Compressive load = 𝑓𝑐𝑑 × Aprov. = 58.79 × 896 = 52.67 KN > 50 KN ; Safe.

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Design :
Case 1) Using 20 mm ∅ bolts of grade 4.6 ;
Step i) : Design Strength of one Bolt in Shear (𝑉𝑑𝑠 )………( single shear)
𝐹𝑢
𝑉𝑑𝑠 = 1/ ɣ [ (𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝑛𝑏 )]………………………………IS 800-2007; cl. 10.3.3 ; pg. 75
√3

Where 𝐹𝑢 = 𝐹𝑢𝑏 = 400 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2…………………….IS 1367 For grade 4.6

𝑛𝑛 = No. of shear planes with threads intercepting shear planes. = 1 (single Shear )
𝜋 (20)2
𝐴𝑛𝑏 = Nominal Plain Shank Area of the Bolt. = 0.78 × 4

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ɣ = Partial safety factor for Bolt Material = 1.25 ……….. IS 800-2007 ;Table 5 ; pg. 30
400
𝑉𝑑𝑠 = 1/ 1.25 [ √3
(1 × 245.044) ] = 45.27 KN

Load 50
∴ No. Of Bolts = = = 02 No.
Design strength of Bolt 45.27

Dia. Of Bolt Hole = 𝑑0 = 20 + 2 = 22 mm and Pitch (P) = 2.5 × ∅ = 2.5 × 20 = 50 mm

∴ Edge Distance (e) = 1.5 × 𝑑0 = 1.5 × 22 = 33 say 40 mm

Case 2) Welded connection ;

Problem 2) Determine Design compressive strength ( L.C.C.) of a single angle Discontinuous

strut 2.75 mt. consist of equal angle 60 × 60 × 8 mm Long connected at each
end to 10 mm thick gusset plate . Take 𝑓𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑝𝑎
Answer : Given a) Length of member (clear) = 2.75 mt = 2.75 × 103 mm
Let the condition be Both Ends Hinged.

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∴ 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = K L = 1 × 2.75 × 103 = 2.75 × 103 mm……………......IS 800-2007; pg. 45

For ISA 60 × 60 × 8 mm ; A = 896 mm2 ,
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑟𝑥𝑥 = 𝑟𝑦𝑦 = Min. Radius of Gyration = 18 mm

Follow steps upto statement Case 1) Using 20 mm ∅ bolts of grade 4.6 in

above problem.

Problem 3) Design a Double angle Discontinuous strut connected on either side of 10 mm

thick gusset plate carrying an factored load of 200 KN In cases given below. It is
3.00 mt. long between intersections which is Effectively held in position at both
ends and restrained in direction at one end only. ? Take 𝑓𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑝𝑎
a) 20 mm ∅ bolts of grade 4.6.
b) Welded connection
Answer : Given a) P = 200 KN
b) Length of member (clear) = 3.00 mt = 3.00 × 103 mm
Given case is One End Fix And Other Is Hinge (case 02)
∴ 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = K L = 0.8 × 3 × 103 = 2.4 × 103 mm……………......IS 800-2007; pg. 45

Assuming an approximate Design compressive stress (𝜎𝑎𝑐 ) = 60 𝑁 ⁄𝑚𝑚2

200 × 103
Area Reqd. For the strut (𝐴𝑅𝑒𝑞 ) = 60
= 3333.34 mm2
3333.34
Area of Each angle = = 1666.67 mm2
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Refer the steel table and select ISA 125 × 95 × 8 mm
For this angle ; A = 1698 mm2 ; Center of gravity ; 𝐶𝑥𝑥 = 38 mm , 𝐶𝑦𝑦 = 23.1 mm
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 266 × 104 mm4 , 𝐼𝑦𝑦 = 133.3 × 104 mm4 ; 𝑟𝑥𝑥 = 39.6 mm , 𝑟𝑦𝑦 = 28 mm

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Design :
Case 1) Using 20 mm ∅ bolts of grade 4.6 ;
Let us provide ISA 125 × 95 × 8 mm double angle longer leg back to back on either sides of
10 mm thick gusset plate Using 20 mm ∅ bolts of grade 4.6.

Step i) : Design Strength of Bolt in Shear (𝑽𝒅𝒔 ) ;

𝐹𝑢
𝑉𝑑𝑠 = 1/ ɣ [ (𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝑛𝑏 )]………………………………IS 800-2007; cl. 10.3.3 ; pg. 75
√3

Where 𝐹𝑢 = 𝐹𝑢𝑏 = 400 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2…………………….IS 1367 For grade 4.6

𝑛𝑛 = No. of shear planes with threads intercepting shear planes. = 2 (Double Shear )
𝜋 (20)2
𝐴𝑛𝑏 = Nominal Plain Shank Area of the Bolt. = 0.78 × 4

ɣ = Partial safety factor for Bolt Material = 1.25 ……….. IS 800-2007 ;Table 5 ; pg. 30
400
𝑉𝑑𝑠 = 1/ 1.25 [ √3
(2 × 245.044) ] = 90.54 KN

Load 200
∴ No. Of Bolts = = = 2.20 say 03 No.
Design strength of Bolt 90.54

Dia. Of Bolt Hole = 𝑑0 = 20 + 2 = 22 mm and Pitch (P) = 2.5 × ∅ = 2.5 × 20 = 50 mm

∴ Edge Distance (e) = 1.5 × 𝑑0 = 1.5 × 22 = 33 say 40 mm

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Case 2) 𝐖𝐞𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 :

Let us provide ISA 125 × 95 × 8 mm double angle longer leg back to back on either sides of
10 mm thick gusset plate Using Welded connection.

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Problem 4) Determine Design compressive strength ( L.C.C.) of a double angle Discontinuous

strut 3.00 mt. consist of unequal angle 125 × 95 × 8 mm Long connected at
each end to 10 mm thick gusset plate for following cases ? Take 𝑓𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑝𝑎
a) longer legs are connected on either sides of gusset plate.
b) Shorter legs are connected on either sides of gusset plate.
Answer : Given , a) Length of member (clear) = 3.00 mt = 3.00 × 103 mm
case is not given hence assume One End Fix And Other Is Hinge (case 02)
∴ 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = K L = 0.8 × 3 × 103 = 2.4 × 103 mm……………......IS 800-2007; pg. 45
Refer the steel table and select ISA 125 × 95 × 8 mm
For this angle ; A = 1698 mm2 ; Center of gravity ; 𝐶𝑥𝑥 = 38 mm , 𝐶𝑦𝑦 = 23.1 mm
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 266 × 104 mm4 , 𝐼𝑦𝑦 = 133.3 × 104 mm4 ; 𝑟𝑥𝑥 = 39.6 mm , 𝑟𝑦𝑦 = 28 mm
Follow steps on pg. 07 in Problem no. 03.

Problem 5) Design a Double angle Discontinuous strut connected on same side of 10 mm

thick gusset plate carrying an factored load of 200 KN In cases given below. It is
3.00 mt. long between intersections which is restrained in position but not held
against rotation ? Take 𝑓𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑝𝑎
a) 20 mm ∅ bolts of grade 4.6.
b) Welded connection
Answer : Given a) P = 200 KN
b) Length of member (clear) = 3.00 mt = 3.00 × 103 mm
Given case is both ends hinged (case 01)
∴ 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = K L = 1.00 × 3 × 103 = 3.00 × 103 mm……………......IS 800-2007; pg. 45
Let; λ (slenderness ratio) = 110 ; for ths ,
Design compressive stress (𝜎𝑎𝑐 ) = 94.6 𝑁 ⁄𝑚𝑚2…………….. IS 800-2007; pg. 42
200 × 103
Area Reqd. For the strut (𝐴𝑅𝑒𝑞 ) = 94.6
= 2114.16 mm2
2114.16
Area of Each angle = = 1057.08 mm2
2
𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 3.00 × 103
we have ; λ = ; 110 = ; rmin(req) = 27.27 mm
rmin rmin

Refer the steel table and select ISA 125 × 95 × 12 mm

For this angle ; A = 2498 mm2 ; Center of gravity ; 𝐶𝑥𝑥 = 39.6 mm , 𝐶𝑦𝑦 = 24.7 mm

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𝐼𝑥𝑥 =382.6 × 104 mm4 , 𝐼𝑦𝑦 = 190.4 × 104 mm4 ; 𝑟𝑥𝑥 = 39.1 mm , 𝑟𝑦𝑦 = 27.6 mm

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Design :
Case 1) Using 20 mm ∅ bolts of grade 4.6 ;
Let us provide ISA 200 × 95 × 8 mm double angle longer leg back to back on same sides of
10 mm thick gusset plate Using 20 mm ∅ bolts of grade 4.6.
Step i) : Design Strength of Bolt in Shear (𝑽𝒅𝒔 ) ;
𝐹𝑢
𝑉𝑑𝑠 = 1/ ɣ [ (𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝑛𝑏 )]………………………………IS 800-2007; cl. 10.3.3 ; pg. 75
√3

Where 𝐹𝑢 = 𝐹𝑢𝑏 = 400 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2…………………….IS 1367 For grade 4.6

𝑛𝑛 = No. of shear planes with threads intercepting shear planes. = 1 (single Shear )
𝜋 (20)2
𝐴𝑛𝑏 = Nominal Plain Shank Area of the Bolt. = 0.78 × 4

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ɣ = Partial safety factor for Bolt Material = 1.25 ……….. IS 800-2007 ;Table 5 ; pg. 30
400
𝑉𝑑𝑠 = 1/ 1.25 [ √3
(1 × 245.044) ] = 45.27 KN

Load 200
∴ No. Of Bolts = = = 2.20 say 04 No.
Design strength of Bolt 45.27

Dia. Of Bolt Hole = 𝑑0 = 20 + 2 = 22 mm and Pitch (P) = 2.5 × ∅ = 2.5 × 20 = 50 mm

∴ Edge Distance (e) = 1.5 × 𝑑0 = 1.5 × 22 = 33 say 40 mm

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Case 2) 𝐖𝐞𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 :

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Problem 6) Determine Design compressive strength ( L.C.C.) of a double angle Discontinuous

strut 3.00 mt. consist of unequal angle 125 × 95 × 8 mm Long connected to 10
mm thick gusset plate which is restrained against translation and rotation and other
end is free. for following cases ? Take 𝑓𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑝𝑎
a) longer legs are connected on same sides of gusset plate.
b) Shorter legs are connected on same sides of gusset plate.
Answer : a) Length of member (clear) = 3.00 mt = 3.00 × 103 mm
Given case is One End Fix And Other Is free (case 04)
∴ 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 = K L = 2.00 × 3 × 103 = 6.00 × 103 mm……………......IS 800-2007; pg. 45
Let; λ (slenderness ratio) = 110 ; for ths ,
Design compressive stress (𝜎𝑎𝑐 ) = 94.6 𝑁 ⁄𝑚𝑚2…………….. IS 800-2007; pg. 42
200 × 103
Area Reqd. For the strut (𝐴𝑅𝑒𝑞 ) = 94.6
= 2114.16 mm2
2114.16
Area of Each angle = = 1057.08 mm2
2
𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓 3.00 × 103
we have ; λ = ; 110 = ; rmin(req) = 27.27 mm
rmin rmin
Refer the steel table and select ISA 125 × 95 × 12 mm
For this angle ; A = 2498 mm2 ; Center of gravity ; 𝐶𝑥𝑥 = 39.6 mm , 𝐶𝑦𝑦 = 24.7 mm
𝐼𝑥𝑥 =382.6 × 104 mm4 , 𝐼𝑦𝑦 = 190.4 × 104 mm4 ; 𝑟𝑥𝑥 = 39.1 mm , 𝑟𝑦𝑦 = 27.6 mm

Follow steps on pages 11 and 12 for calculating comp. strength in problem no. 05

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