NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY

VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS

Sara, Iloilo

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The passage of the local government has provided a

stronger role of local government. Duties and Functions

which traditionally delivered by central government are now

the responsibilities of local government. Some taking powers

are devolved and a significant share from the proceeds of

the collection nationally imposed taxes is also given to

local government.

Republic Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local

Government Code of 1991 serve as guide for the leaders and

officials of the LGU in the Philippines. Section 17 of the

states that, “Local government units shall endeavor to be

self-reliant and shall continue exercising the powers and

discharging the duties and functions currently vested upon

them. They shall also discharge the functions and duties of

national agencies and offices devolved to them by this code.

Such other functions and duties as are necessary

appropriate, or incidental to efficient and effective

provisions of the basic services.

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

On the other hand, the baranagay being the smallest

political unit in the country plays vital role in the

empowerment of the Local Government Units (LGU) especially

to the city or municipality where it belongs. The success of

this aspirations is linked with the leaders capability to

perform duties, obligations and responsibilities with full

effort and in accordance with accountability transparency

and fairness.(ISNN 2815-2441//[Link])

In line with the above statements, there is a need for

the baranagay officials to possess a more through complete,

or at the very least, adequate knowledge of its duties and

functions to acquire distinction to the demand of their

constituencies. They must also undergo necessary

professional training, and competencies that will keep them

confident and effectiveness in performing their duties,

Through this practice, the work or performance of the

barangay officials would be maximized and be able to manage

into urgencies and reach the demand of the community.

According to Carino (1995), as he conducts a seminar

and workshop in one provinces of barangay foreseeing the

problems that may crop up in the 1991, he found out and has
 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

stated that the people in thelocalities has expected to be

pampered with dole-outs by local politicians. Many of these

officials did not fully realize the implications of the

Local Government Code. Obviously, they did not study it well

enough.” (ISNN 2815-2441//[Link])

In connection with the aforementioned information,

facts and data, the researchers got interested to conduct a

study which aims to determine how familiar or knowledgeable

the barangay officials are on their duties, functions and

responsibilities as provided for in the Local Government

Code of 1991.
 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the demographic profile of respondents as

classified according to age, sex ,civil status,

educational attainment and length of service.

2. What is the level of awareness of barangay

officials on terms of (a) Preventing victimization

(b) Disaster preparedness (c) Crime Prevention (d)

Promoting Community Safety, when respondents were

classified according to age, sex, civil status,

highest educational attainment and numbers of terms

as barangay officials

3. Is there any significant differences in the

awareness of barangay official on their duties and

functions: Basis for enhancement program in terms of

(b) Disaster preparedness (c) Crime Prevention (d)

Promoting Community Safety, when respondents were

classified according to age, sex, civil status,

educational attainment and length of service.

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Hypothesis

Based on the fore ongoing statements the following

hypothesis is advanced:

There are no significant differences in the awareness

of barangay official on their Duties and Functions: Basis

for enhancement program in terms of (a) Preventing

Victimization (b) Disaster Preparedness (c) Crime Prevention

(d) Promotion Community safety when respondents were

classified according to age, sex, civil status, educational

attainment and length of service.

Theoretical and Conceptual framework

This study is anchored on theories propounded by

the professors of government like anal Szerletics, Gerry

Stoker, and B. Guy Peters. Successful sustainability and

responsibility program not only do great things for the

society, they also are governed and engaged in a away that

connects with the people and their leaders horizontally and

vertically. In order to achieve this, establishing a good

governance structure to guide and manage sustainability and

responsibility is essential. By doing so, the leaders

responsible for driving sustainable practices allow to set

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

direction, establish goals and create policies to execute

strategy. According to antal Szerletics (2000).

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study.

Independent Variable Dependent

Variable

Profile of the Awareness of

Respondents Barangay Official
Sex on their Duties and
Male Functions:
Female Basis for enhancement
program
Age
21-30 years old a) Preventing
31-40 years old Victimization

41 above years old b) Disaster

Educational Attainment: Preparedness
Secondary level
c) Crime Prevention
College Level
Civil Status d) Promotion Community
Single Safety

Married
Widow
Length of Service

Fig.1. Level of awareness of Barangay official on their

Duties and Functions: Basis for enhancement program as
influenced by certain variable.
 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Significance of the study

Intended to provide in small way it can, this study

which aims to determine the awareness of barangay official

on their duties and functions: Basis for enhancement

program.

Barangay Official- specifically the Punong Barangay and

Barangay Peace and Order Council to create program in the

continuous enhancement of the skills of the volunteer

Barangay Public Safety Officer.

Community- This study is necessary for the people of Sara to

fully understand that participatory approach which means

involvement of local people in decision making process for

planning and management could provide a more effective

awareness of barangay official on their duties and function:

Basis for enhancement program.

The Researcher- is to determine the effectiveness of duties

and functions of barangay level to maintain the peace and

order.

Future Researchers- This study may serve as a guide for the

future researchers to use this research as a reference and

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

also they can get literature review from this. Also, they

can formulate a new research, based on the findings of this

study.

Definition of Terms

Age- is the amount of time during which a person has lived.

(Merriam-Webster (2017)

In this study, age refers to the age of the Barangay

Officials which are the respondent of the study.

Barangay Officials- the lowest political subdivision of the

guarantor,which covers a defined geographical area and

includes as members all the residents of its territory, and

which may exercise powers as a political subdivision.

([Link])

In this study, Barangay Officials are the respondent of

the study.

Civil Status- the state of being married or not married used

on official forms to ask if a person is married, single,

divorced or widowed. (Merriam Webster 2022)

In this study, refers to the civil status of the

Barangay Officials which are the respondent of the study.

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Educational Attainment- refers to the highest level of

education that an individual has completed. This is distinct

from the level of schooling that an individual is attending.

(United State Census 2022)

Length of Service- is the total time spent at a job or some

other socially beneficial activity, regardless of the nature

of the activity and the length of the intervals between work

periods.

In this study, refers to the length of service of the

Barangay Officials which are the respondent of the study.

Sex- It is organisms of many species are specialized into

male and female varieties, each known as sex. (Merriam-

Webster Dictionary 2017)

In this study, refers to the sex of the Barangay

Officials which are the respondent of the study.

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Chapter 2

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7160

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991

SECTION 1. Title. – This Act shall be known and cited as the

“Local Government Code of 1991”.

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. – (a) It is hereby

declared the policy of the State that the territorial and

political subdivisions of the State shall enjoy genuine and

meaningful local autonomy to enable them to attain their

fullest development as self-reliant communities and make

them more effective partners in the attainment of national

goals. Toward this end, the State shall provide for a more

responsive and accountable local government structure

instituted through a system of decentralization whereby

local government units shall be given more powers,

authority, responsibilities, and resources. The process of

decentralization shall proceed from the National Government

to the local government units.

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

(b) It is also the policy of the State to ensure the

accountability of local government units through the

institution of effective mechanisms of recall, initiative

and referendum.

(c) It is likewise the policy of the State to require all

national agencies and offices to conduct periodic

consultations with appropriate local government units,

nongovernmental and people’s organizations, and other

concerned sectors of the community before any project or

program is implemented in their respective jurisdictions.

SECTION 3. Operative Principles of Decentralization. – The

formulation and implementation of policies and measures on

local autonomy shall be guided by the following operative

principles:

(a) There shall be an effective allocation among the

different local government units of their respective powers,

functions, responsibilities, and resources;

(b) There shall be established in

every local government unit an accountable, efficient, and

dynamic organizational structure and operating mechanism

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

that will meet the priority needs and service requirements

of its communities;

) Subject to civil service law, rules and regulations, local

officials and employees paid wholly or mainly from local

funds shall be appointed or removed, according to merit and

fitness, by the appropriate appointing authority;

(d) The vesting of duty, responsibility, and accountability

in local government units shall be accompanied with

provision for reasonably adequate resources to discharge

their powers and effectively carry out their functions;

hence, they shall have the power to create and broaden their

own sources of revenue and the right to a just share in

national taxes and an equitable share in the proceeds of the

utilization and development of the national wealth within

their respective areas;

(e) Provinces with respect to component cities and

municipalities, and cities and municipalities with respect

to component barangays, shall ensure that the acts of their

component units are within the scope of their prescribed

powers and functions;

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

(f) Local government units may group themselves, consolidate

or coordinate their efforts, services, and resources for

purposes commonly beneficial to them;

(g) The capabilities of local government units, especially

the municipalities and barangays, shall be enhanced by

providing them with opportunities to participate actively in

the implementation of national programs and projects;

(h) There shall be a continuing mechanism to enhance local

autonomy not only by legislative enabling acts but also by

administrative and organizational reforms;

(i) Local government units shall share with the national

government the responsibility in the management and

maintenance of ecological balance within their territorial

jurisdiction, subject to the provisions of this Code and

national policies;

(j) Effective mechanisms for ensuring the accountability of

local government units to their respective constituents

shall be strengthened in order to upgrade continually the

quality of local leadership;

(k) The realization of local autonomy shall be facilitated

through improved coordination of national government

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

policies and programs and extension of adequate technical

and material assistance to less developed and deserving

local government units;

(l) The participation of the private sector in local

governance, particularly in the delivery of basic services,

shall be encouraged to ensure the viability of local

autonomy as an alternative strategy for sustainable

development; and

(m) The national government shall ensure that

decentralization contributes to the continuing improvement

of the performance of local government units and the quality

of communty life.

SECTION 4. Scope of Application. – This Code shall apply to

all provinces, cities, municipalities, barangays, and other

political subdivisions as may be created by law, and, to the

extent herein provided, to officials, offices, or agencies

of the national government.

SECTION 5. Rules of Interpretation. – In the interpretation

of the provisions of this Code, the following rules shall

apply:
 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

(a) Any provision on a power of a local government unit

shall be liberally interpreted in its favor, and in case of

doubt, any question thereon shall be resolved in favor of

devolution of powers and of the lower local government unit.

Any fair and reasonable doubt as to the existence of the

power shall be interpreted in favor of the local government

unit concerned;

(b) In case of doubt, any tax ordinance or revenue measure

shall be construed strictly against the local government

unit enacting it, and liberally in favor of the taxpayer.

Any tax exemption, incentive or relief granted by any local

government unit pursuant to the provisions of this Code

shall be construed strictly against the person claiming it.

(c) The general welfare provisions in this Code shall be

liberally interpreted to give more powers to local

government units in accelerating economic development and

upgrading the quality of life for the people in the

community;

(d) Rights and obligations existing on the date of

effectivity of this Code and arising out of contracts or any

other source of prestation involving a local government unit

shall be governed by the original terms and conditions of

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

said contracts or the law in force at the time such rights

were vested; and

(e) In the resolution of controversies arising under this

Code where no legal provision or jurisprudence applies,

resort may be had to the customs and traditions in the place

where the controversies take place.

CHAPTER II

General Powers and Attributes of Local Government Units

SECTION 6. Authority to Create Local Government Units. – A

local government unit may be created, divided, merged,

abolished, or its boundaries substantially altered either by

law enacted by Congress in the case of a province, city,

municipality, or any other political subdivision, or by

ordinance passed by the sangguniang panlalawigan or

sangguniang panlungsod concerned in the case of a barangay

located within its territorial jurisdiction, subject to such

limitations and requirements prescribed in this Code.

SECTION 7. Creation and Conversion. – As a general rule, the

creation of a local government unit or its conversion from

one level to another level shall be based on verifiable

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

indicators of viability and projected capacity to provide

services, to wit:

(a) Income. – It must be sufficient, based on acceptable

standards, to provide for all essential government

facilities and services and special functions commensurate

with the size of its population, as expected of the local

government unit concerned;

(b) Population. – It shall be determined as the total number

of inhabitants within the territorial jurisdiction of the

local government unit concerned; and

(c) Land Area. – It must be contiguous, unless it comprises

two (2) or more islands or is separated by a local

government unit independent of the others; properly

identified by metes and bounds with technical descriptions;

and sufficient to provide for such basic services and

facilities to meet the requirements of its populace.

Compliance with the foregoing indicators shall be attested

to by the Department of Finance (DOF), the National

Statistics Office (NSO), and the Lands Management Bureau

(LMB) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

(DENR).
 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

SECTION 8. Division and Merger. – Division and merger of

existing local government units shall comply with the same

requirements herein prescribed for their creation: Provided,

however, That such division shall not reduce the income,

population, or land area of the local government unit or

units concerned to less than the minimum requirements

prescribed in this Code: Provided, further, That the income

classification of the original local government unit or

units shall not fall below its current income classification

prior to such division.

The income classification of local government units shall be

updated within six (6) months from the effectivity of this

Code to reflect the changes in their financial position

resulting from the increased revenues as provided herein.

SECTION 9. Abolition of Local Government Units. – A local

government unit may be abolished when its income,

population, or land area has been irreversibly reduced to

less than the minimum standards prescribed for its creation

under Book III of this Code, as certified by the national

agencies mentioned in Section 7 hereof to Congress or to the

sanggunian concerned, as the case may be.

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

The law or ordinance abolishing a local government unit

shall specify the province, city, municipality, or barangay

with which the local government unit sought to be abolished

will be incorporated or merged.

SECTION 10. Plebiscite Requirement. – No creation, division,

merger, abolition, or substantial alteration of boundaries

of local government units shall take effect unless approved

by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite called for

the purpose in the political unit or units directly

affected. Said plebiscite shall be conducted by the

Commission on Elections (COMELEC) within one hundred twenty

(120) days from the date of effectivity of the law or

ordinance effecting such action, unless said law or

ordinance fixes another date.

SECTION 11. Selection and Transfer of Local Government Site,

Offices and Facilities. – (a) The law or ordinance creating

or merging local government units shall specify the seat of

government from where governmental and corporate services

shall be delivered. In selecting said site, factors relating

to geographical centrality, accessibility, availability of

transportation and communication facilities, drainage and

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

sanitation, development and economic progress, and other

relevant considerations shall be taken into account.

(b) When conditions and developments in the local government

unit concerned have significantly changed subsequent to the

establishment of the seat of government, its sanggunian may,

after public hearing and by a vote of two-thirds (2/3) of

all its members, transfer the same to a site better suited

to its needs. Provided, however, That no such transfer shall

be made outside the territorial boundaries of the local

government unit concerned.

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Chapter 3

Methodology

Research Design

This research is a descriptive quantitative research in

nature specifically a survey research that will identify the

Awareness of Barangay Official on their Duties and

Functions: Basis for enhancement program.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted in the Municipality of

Sara, Iloilo. This is a 2nd Class Municipality in the

Province of Iloilo and serves as the center town in the 5 th

Congressional District of Iloilo in terms of trading. It is

a landlocked municipality in the coastal area of Iloilo

Province. It is also known as the Banking Center in Northern

Iloilo. It is politically subdivided into 42 barangays with

the five (5) namely: Barangay Alibayog, Barangay Apelo,

Barangay Villahermosa, Barangay Preciosa, and Barangay

Aspera, Sara, Iloilo. The Five Barangay will serve as the

locale of the study.

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Alibayog is a barangay in the municipality of Sara, in

the province of Iloilo. Its population as determined by the

2020 Census was 1,715. This represented 3.14% of the total

population of Sara.
 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Apelo is a barangay in the municipality of Sara, in the

province of Iloilo. Its population as determined by the 2020

Census was 823. This represented 1.51% of the total

population of Sara.
 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Villahermosa is a barangay in the municipality of Sara,

in the province of Iloilo. Its population as determined by

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

the 2020 Census was 1,071. This represented 1.96% of the

total population of Sara.

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Preciosa is a barangay in the municipality of Sara, in

the province of Iloilo. Its population as determined by the

2020 Census was 1,140. This represented 2.09% of the total

population of Sara.
 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

Aspera is a barangay in the municipality of Sara, in

the province of Iloilo. Its population as determined by the

2020 Census was 2,065. This represented 3.75% of the total

population of Sara.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the 50 barangay

officials elected by their specific barangay. The will be

came from 5 barangays namely, Barangay Alibayog, Barangay

Apelo, Barangay Villahermosa, Barangay Preciosa, and Brangay

Aspera. They were chosen to be respondents and these

barangay only Barangay Alibayog, Barangay Apelo, Barangay

Villahermosa, Barangay Preciosa, and Brangay Aspera.

Sampling Technique

The respondents of the study were identified through a

Purposive sampling. Purposive sampling was used as to

consider the current environmental health issue that

restricts travels. The researcher has chosen Fifty (50)

respondents purposively to answer the research instrument.

Research Instrument(s)
 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

The research instrument is a researchers’ made

questionnaire. This was divided in to two parts: Part 1, The

Demographic Profile of the Respondent name (optional), age,

educational attainment, civil status, sex, and length of

service the second part is the Part II – Questionnaire

Proper gathered data on the level Awareness of Barangay

Official on their Duties and Functions: Basis for

enhancement program

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will present researchers made Five

(5) Likert Scale Survey Questionnaire to be able determine

the level Awareness of Barangay Official on their Duties and

Functions: Basis for enhancement program. This will serve as

the research instrument of the study. After being checked,

validated and tested reliability test by three (3) experts

in the field, the researchers will then secure necessary

permits from the school, municipality, and Punong Barangay

of the locale of the study. The researchers will then

purposively choose the respondents in Barangay Alibayog,

Barangay Apelo, Barangay Villahermosa, Barangay Preciosa,

 NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo

and Brangay Aspera. The data will be gathered through a

conduct of the paper pencil survey form.

Data Analysis

To analyze the data and to answer the statement of the

study, the researchers will be using the SPSS program to

encode the responses of the 50 respondents. The statistical

tools to be used to answer the statement of the study are

the Mean, Standard Deviation, frequency and percentage and

to discuss the correlation of the dependent variables taken

as a group or based on sex, educational attainment, civil

status, sex, and length of service will parametric

statistics tools namely the T-test and One-way Anova are

used.
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO SARA CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo