The Problem 1

IMPLEMENTATION OF LIQUOR BAN IN NANENG TABUK CITY:

DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

A Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of Criminal Justice Education
Of Kalinga State University

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirement for the Degree
Bachelor of Science Criminology

By:
Charie Mae B. Pamittan
Aiza Lou Florania
March 2023
 The Problem 2

ABSTACT

These research study is to determine the best practices of barangay Naneng in

implementation of ordinance and the determine challenges encountered in implementing

ordinance. The researchers used qualitative method with the unstructured checklist

questioner guide to answer the specific question on the challenges and best practice in

implementing the ordinance in barangay Naneng Tabuk City Kalinga. Based from the

findings of the study, we the researchers conclude that the ordinance liquor ban during

COVID-19 Pandemic in barangay Naneng is not strictly implemented by the barangay

official and tanods. So this ordinance are sometimes ignored by the citizen due to their

lack of leadership in implementing the ordinance. As to the officials and tanods they

violates this ordinance too so the citizen seems they are not that serious to follow the

said ordinance.
 The Problem 3

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost, we want to give thanks and praise to God, the Almighty, and

his gifts that helped us to accomplish our research successfully.

To express our gratitude and acknowledgement to our adviser Jocelyn F.

Licadang who help us to made this research possible. We was able to complete all of

our project’s writing stages thanks to her direction and counsel.

To express our gratitude and acknowledgement to our Collage Dean of Criminal

Justice System Mary Grace Malawis Ignacio who guide us to finish this research.

To express our gratitude and acknowledgement Mrs. Julienne S. Leyaley, our

panel Chairman for genuine support and acknowledgement in improving our research

activity by recommending more updated theories in doing this study.

We would like to express our gratitude and acknowledgement to Mr. Romel

Balunggay, barangay Captain of Naneng Tabuk City Kalinga for allowing us to conduct

survey to barangay Naneng.

Additionally, we want to thank the member of the committee for making our

defense a fun experience and for their insightful comments and ideas.

Additionally, we want to express our gratitude to our family member for their

unwavering support and tolerance as we conducted our research and wrote our project.

For your supplication for us kept us going during this far.

 The Problem 4

DEDICATION

This work is the result of innumerable,

gruelling sacrifices. The people who served as an

inspiration for the researcher's work, from parents

and guardians to classmates and groups of friends

who offered support when they ran into

difficulties, are heartily and proudly acknowledge

in this work.

To the instructors and staff of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology, Tabuk City Kalinga, to our

Almighty God who bestowed his blessings on us

throughout each day, wisdom, time, and direction in

the completion of this research paper.

FLORANIA, Aiza Lou S. & PAMITTAN, Charie Mae B.

 The Problem 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Definitions of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Review of Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Population and Locale of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The best practices in implementing ordinance . . . . . . . . 18
The Challenges encountered in implementing ordinance . . . 19
4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
REFERRENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
APPENDICES
A. Letter of Permission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Letter to Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. Checklist Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Summary of Comments and Recommendation . . . . . . . . .
E. Transcript of Questionnaire.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F. Certification from English Critic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G. Final Summary of Corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CURRICULUM VITAE
A. Charie Mae B. Pamittan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Aiza Lou S. Florania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 The Problem 6

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

This chapter presents the background of the study, conceptual framework,

paradigm, objectives, definition of terms and review of related literature and studies

Background of the study

Alcohol is completely banned in many countries with large Muslim populations. In

Yemen, alcohol is completely as it is believed to be against the principles of Islam.

Yemenis are not allowed to consume alcohol in the country and the sales of alcohol in

the country, alcohol is illegal in all parts of the country with the exemption of Aden and

Sana where the drinks is sold in certain permitted restaurants, hotels, and nightclubs.

Foreigners who are non- Muslim are allowed to carry a limited volume of alcohol into the

country and drink in their private space (Guidelines, 2017).

In regard this matter, the Philippine Local Government Code, which was enacted

in 1991, defines barangay as the primary planning and implementation unit of

government policies, projects, campaigns, programs, and activities in the community, as

well as a medium through which the people’s collective option can be expressed,

manifested, and considered, and where disagreements can be reconciled. The barangay

contributes significantly to the country progress and to some extent, to the people’s

peace, order and policies (Gallardo, 2021).

The Katarungang Pambarangay, or Bario Justice System, exists in each

Barangay. The establishment and operation of the Barangay Justice System was

authorized by Republic Act No. 7160 of the Local Government Code of 1991. This

tactics were supplied to barangay to foster peace and harmony among community

members and improve and make the justice system more responsive to the people

needs. It is critical for stakeholder to maintain the benefits of implementing peace and

order regulations at their location as in order to encourage more enterprise to do

 The Problem 7

business in the area and accomplish the expected vigorous economic growth in the

future (Gallardo, Citizens’ Sense of Safety and their Perceptions on the, 2021) Peace

and order must start in the small unit of society which is the family. Every member of the

family must be aware about crimes and its bad effects. With enough knowledge about

this matter, no doubt everyone is prepared and can work independently without living in

fear. In maintaining the implementation, the barangay officials also portraying a heavy

role in which they need to exert so much effort to protect everyone’s security.

We the researcher would like to determine if the ordinance, liquor ban is well-

implemented and well-maintained in barangay Naneng, to identify such possible

problems that may or are happening, and to know the reasons of why does these

problem happened, as we see, no one can tell when and where crimes will exist, and to

know how does barangay officials and barangay tanods do their respective tasks to

secure everyone’s life and property, by giving aid or solutions to such problems, and

their possible ways to lessen crimes in intoxication at barangay Naneng.

The study would be beneficial to the following. Firstly, the Barangay officials

since they are the one who enforce the barangay ordinance in a community of barangay

Naneng. Secondly Citizens of Barangay Naneng the citizen of the barangay Naneng will

provides a better information about their responsibilities as a citizen of the barangay in

their minds about liquor ban. Thirdly Community the community of barangay Naneng are

the most benefit of the study to this will raise their awareness in applying preventive

measure and will eventually encourage them to cooperate in providing vital information

about problem unique to their neighborhood. Fourthly Law makers of barangay Naneng

will be the one who enact laws pertaining to strengthening the implementations of

policies and protocol of the peace and order. Lastly the Barangay tanod of Naneng

Tabuk City Kalinga they will be the one who are enforce the implementation of the

barangay ordinance of the barangay.

 The Problem 8

Conceptual Framework of the Study

Executive order 08 of 2021, an order extending the enhanced community

quarantine in the city of Tabuk for seven (7) days and setting guidelines therefore they

pursuant to Section 15, Article II of the 1987 Philippine Constitution and section 16 of the

General Welfare Clause of the 1997 Local Government Code, local government units

are charged with the promotion of safety within their jurisdiction. President Roa Duterte,

through proclamation no. 929 series of 2020, declare the Philippine under State of Public

Health Emergency, which was further extended by Presidential Proclamation 1021

series of 2020. (Duterte, 2021)

Executive order no. 07 was issued for the imposition of Enhance Community

Quarantine (ECQ) in Tabuk City for a period of fourteen (14) days starting 12:01 am of

January 25, 2021 until midnight of February 07, 2021 which had been approved by

Governor Ferdinan B. Tubban and later concurred by the Cordillera Region Inter-

Agency Task Force on January 22, 2021. Section VII Liquor Band state that a city wide

liquor ban shall be imposed while Tabuk City is under ECQ. The sale of alcoholic

beverages in business establishments and drinking of alcoholic beverages in public

places shall be strictly prohibited. (Estranero, 2021)

Barangay Ordinance No. 03 Series 2020, an ordinance regulating and imposing

of liquor band in barangay Naneng. The barangay council of barangay Naneng declare

that any person, including business owners and managers of any business of the some

nature to sell, furnish, offer, buy, serve, or take intoxicating liquor within the jurisdiction of

the barangay Naneng that shall be in force and effect on the day before COVID-19. If

anyone will be found violating the order including those undrunk persons who lead

trouble or public disturbance then he/she will face serious charges and punishment. And

if any person who offers, sells, buys, serves, furnishes, or takes liquor during the

restricted period will face serious punishments under this law. The serious punishments
 The Problem 9

for any violators under this law will be liable to pay Ten Thousand pesos (10,000.00) for

the seller or business owner and will not able to renew his/her business permit and not

allow to continue his/her business and for the buyer, drunker, or public disturbance will

pay an amount of eight thousand pesos (8,000.00) and not allow to get any clearances

or certification in the barangay within one (1) year. (Balunggay, 2022)

Objectives of the Study

This study aims to look into implementation of ordinance relative to peace and

order. Specifically, it sought to answer the following objectives:

1. To determine the best practices of barangay Naneng in the implementation of

ordinance.

2. To determine challenges encountered in implementing ordinance.

Definition of terms

In this study the following terms are defined operationally to give a better

understanding of the study.

Barangay As used in this, this term refers to Barangay Naneng, Tabuk City.

Best practice the liquor ban is the process were the barangay Naneng Tabuk

City.

Challenge encounters this are the challenge that the barangay officials and

tanod will experience in implementing the liquor ban ordinance.

Curfew this is an order that specifying a time during which certain regulations of

liquor ban ordinance implement during COVID-19.

Implementation these is the ordinance liquor ban that the citizen of Barangay

Naneng to follow.

Liquor ban this is the ordinance that the barangay aNaneng will follow.
 The Problem 10

Ordinance an act adopted by a municipal governing body having effect only

within the jurisdiction of the municipal government.

Peace and order a civil order issued by a district court judge to prevent one

person from committing certain acts against others.

Tanod they are the one who are enforce the implementation of the barangay

ordinance of the barangay.

 The Problem 11

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

For many people, alcohol consumption is an enjoyable part of their social life.

During lockdowns and restrictions introduced to tackle COVID-19, social life has been

significantly disrupted and the hospitality sector has been severely affected. However,

harmful patterns of alcohol consumption remain dangerous for the health of people and

costly for societies, as shown by the recent OECD report Preventing Harmful Alcohol

Use.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have significantly changed drinking

habits, shifting places of consumption from bars and restaurants to home. For many

people, alcohol is part of their social life, a life that has been significantly disrupted by

COVID-19. Overall, most people did not change how much they drank but, among those

who did, a larger proportion of people drank more. Looking at preliminary government

tax receipt data, alcohol sales increased by 3% to 5% in Germany, the United Kingdom

and the United States in 2020 compared to 2019. Sales of alcohol in bars and

restaurants plummeted, severely affecting this sector, while off-premise sales, such as

e-commerce and retail stores, grew significantly. For example, in the United States,

online sales increased by up to 234%.

Some of the problems associated with harmful alcohol consumption were

intensified by the crisis, even though the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on alcohol

consumption are uncertain. During the COVID-19 lockdowns, women, parents of young

children, people with higher income and those with anxiety and depressive symptoms

reported the highest increase in alcohol consumption, for instance in Australia, Belgium,

France, the United Kingdom and the United States. Emergency calls about domestic

violence, for which harmful alcohol consumption is a risk factor, rose by 60% in
 The Problem 12

EU countries. There is also a risk that COVID-19 causes an increase in problematic

drinking in the medium term, given that excessive alcohol consumption is common after

traumatic events as a response to high stress levels.

Governments have at their disposal a battery of policy interventions to tackle

harmful alcohol consumption and prevent related diseases. A policy package based on a

“PPPP” approach including Policing to counter drink-driving, strengthening Primary

care-based counselling for heavy drinkers, regulation on Promotion, including a ban on

alcohol advertising to children, and Pricing policies particularly to target cheap alcohol

has the potential to prevent diseases and injuries, increase life expectancy and generate

savings that are greater than the implementation costs.

Preventing alcohol-related diseases and injuries has a triple dividend. First,

reducing alcohol use helps individuals cope with infections and develop immunity after

vaccination. Second, preventing alcohol use and its associated diseases reduces

pressure on health care services – which are already under heavy strain from

COVID-19. Third, with prevention of harmful alcohol consumption, a healthier and more

productive population will better help restart economic activities and social life in the

aftermath of the pandemic. Investing in protecting children and people with problematic

drinking is particularly important during the pandemic. Primary care-based counselling

for heavy drinkers, regulation on advertising or promoting alcoholic beverages on TV,

the Internet and social media targeting children, and minimum unit price policies

targeting cheap alcohol, are particularly well suited to address some of the priority areas

in alcohol policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. (OECD, The effect of COVID-19 on

alcohol consumption, and policy responses to prevent harmful alcohol consumption,

2021)
 The Problem 13

This series of publications analyses the organization and performance of health

systems, and factors explaining performance variations. Studies are conducted on such

topics as co-ordination of care, pharmaceutical pricing, long-term care and disability,

health workforce and international migration of health workers, information and

communications technologies in health care, and the economics of prevention.

One in three adults has engaged in binge drinking at least once in the previous

month, and one in five teenagers has experienced drunkenness by age 15. Harmful

patterns of alcohol consumption have far-reaching consequences for individuals, society

and the economy. Using micro simulation modelling, this book analyses the cost of

alcohol consumption in 52 countries (including OECD, European Union and G20

countries), showing how alcohol-related diseases reduce life expectancy, increase

health care costs, decrease workers’ productivity and lower GDP. While recognizing the

importance of the alcohol industry in many countries, the report makes a strong

economic case for enhancing policies to tackle harmful alcohol consumption (OECD,

The effect of COVID-19 on alcohol consumption, and policy responses to prevent

harmful alcohol consumption, 2021).

The government will keep the restrictions on liquor sale as well as withdrawals of

cigarettes from factories for the rest of the extended lockdown period, as keeping

Filipinos away from these “sin” products would not only keep them healthy but also

protect them from getting inflicted with COVID-19, Finance Secretary Carlos G.

Dominguez III said Monday.

As such, the liquor ban imposed by the national and local governments will stay

in areas under enhanced community quarantine, while domestic cigarette production will

remain on halt, save for a few lines churning out for exports (Dominguez, 2020).
 The Problem 14

Alcoholic beverage makers appealed to the government to lift the total liquor ban

imposed in several areas during the coronavirus lockdown.

In a letter dated April 16 and addressed to Trade Secretary Ramon Lopez, the

Centred for Alcohol Research and Development (CARD) said the total ban “drives out

the industry from the market” and “unduly forfeits the capital” they have invested in

products. “If this ban continues, the industry can no longer survive, a situation that can

affect a large sector of the community,” CARD said. Some of CARD’s members are

Absolut Distillers, Emperador Distillers, Ginebra San Miguel, Far East Alcohol, and Asian

Alcohol. Local government units like Quezon City, as well as Cebu City, Ilocos, and La

Union, banned stores from selling liquor, as people converged on streets and failed to

practice physical distancing. CARD said it recognizes that the government wants to

prevent intoxication during the pandemic, but noted that people can drink in moderation.

“The state of intoxication is caused only when alcohol consumption is considered

abusive, that is, consumption of higher amount of alcohol than the normal. Alcohol

consumption can be taken in moderation by responsible individuals of the society who

are accustomed to drinking alcohol,” CARD said. Some countries have also banned

alcohol consumption, but others said liquor shops are essential. “While the alcoholic

beverages in the Philippines are banned, elsewhere in the world, it is not, putting our

industry in much unnecessary peril,” CARD said The group noted that the lockdown has

already restricted movement, and in turn, added roadblocks to the flow of goods,

including liquor. “There is no need to further restrict the flow of alcoholic beverages, as

the buying freedom of the people [is] already constrained by the quarantine,” the group

said. The alcohol industry has had to deal with hefty taxes on products, especially under

the Duterte administration’s tax reform agenda. The high taxes led to a decline in

demand, according to CARD (Rivas, 2020).

 The Problem 15

Banning of liquors in the province of Iloilo is now being implemented to prevent

the transmission of COVID-19 cases in the communities.

Under Executive Order 002, serving and drinking alcoholic beverages are

prohibited in food preparation establishments such as bars, kiosks, commissaries,

restaurants, and eateries.

Further, liquors are not allowed in high-risk establishments and activities that

promote public gatherings. These included meetings, conferences, workshops, wedding

receptions, parties, among others.

However, the consumption of alcoholic drinks is permitted within the household

only. Gov. Defensor also enjoined the local task forces to conduct patrolling, inspection,

and exercise visitorial power to enforce the liquor ban (Defensor, 2022).

The ban on alcoholic drinks in Parañaque City will remain until the end of the

enhanced community quarantine (ECQ).

Mayor Edwin Olivarez said that the extension of the liquor ban was aimed at

discouraging residents from gathering in bars and on the streets to stop the spread of

the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Liquor companies earlier appealed to the national government to lift the total ban

on alcoholic beverages being implemented by several local governments in Metro

Manila and other provinces amid the Luzon-wide lockdown.

Olivarez, however, said the city government would not lift the liquor ban until May 15 “to

strictly implement social distancing.”

Last month, he signed Executive Order No. 24, barring hotels, resorts,

restaurants and other establishments of the same nature from selling, furnishing, offering

and buying liquor within the city.

 The Problem 16

The order was set to expire after April 30, the last day of the ECQ, but upon the advice

of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging Infectious Diseases, President Duterte

extended the lockdown in Metro Manila to May 15 (Olivarez, 2020).

Executive order no. 07 was issued for the imposition of Enhance Community

Quarantine (ECQ) in Tabuk City for a period of fourteen (14) days starting 12:01 am of

January 25, 2021 until midnight of February 07, 2021 which had been approved by

Governor Ferdinan B. Tubban and later concurred by the Cordillera Region Inter-

Agency Task Force on January 22, 2021. Section VII Liquor Band state that a city wide

liquor ban shall be imposed while Tabuk City is under ECQ. The sale of alcoholic

beverages in business establishments and drinking of alcoholic beverages in public

places shall be strictly prohibited (Estranero, 2021).