ANALYSIS AN
DESIGN OF GROCERY BUILDING
CONCRETE BUILDING SYSTEM
DESIGN
1
Table of Contents
[Link]. Section PageNo.
1 Description
2 Occupancy categories 05
3 Site location & associated parameters 05
4 Design life 05
5 Material specifications 05
6 Exposure and cover 06
7 Fire requirements 06
8 Serviceability requirements 06
9 Loads 08
Dead Loads 08
Super Imposed Dead Loads 08
Live Loads 09
Wind Loads 10
Seismic Loads 10
10 Load combinations 11
11 Schemesetting 12
12 ETABS Modelling 15
13 ETABS result reading 19
14 Design & Detailing of Elements 22
Slab 27
Beam 27
Column 27
Shear wall 28
15 Conclusion 28
2
1. Building description TASK-1
DESIGN BASIS
REPORT
The proposed structure is located at salem. The proposed structure is a grocery shop
building with G+5 Floors. Height of building is 32.40 m above ground level. Floor-to-floor
height is 3.6m. The plan dimensions for the proposed structure 45.0m x [Link] terrace
floor will be designed with headroom of 3m in height.
(Figure1Planofthe building)
3
(Figure2 Elevation of the building)
4
2. Occupancy Category
a. Primary Occupancy List
● Storage room
● Multipurpose rooms
● Office rooms
b. Secondary Occupancy List
● Steps, Elevators
● Corridors
● Toilets
● Staff Cabins and Guestrooms
● Meeting Hall
3. Site location & associated parameters
a. Soil type
Fine, dry, and loosesandhavingLoadbearingcapacityof100kN/m2
b. Water table location
Last week, a report from the Union government showed that all water samples lifted
from Chennai had failed quality tests in more than 10 parameters, placing the city
near the bottom of the country's clean water rank list.
c. Figure 3: Satellite Imagery of the location.
4. Design life
a. Design life period with reason
It is common to design institutional buildings with a design life of 50 years or more.
5. Material specifications
a. Grade of concrete adopted
Component Grade
Slabs and beams M40
Columns and Walls (Foundation-L7) M50
Columns and Walls(L7-terrace) M40
Footing M30
5
b. Grade of reinforcement
Steel– Fe415, Fe550, Fe550D
6. Exposure and cover
a. Exposure
This factor considers the building's location and the potential external risks it faces.
For institutional buildings, this could include the risk of flooding in certain areas,
proximity to other high-risk facilities, or vulnerability to natural disasters.
b. Cover
From durability requirement, exposure condition is interior structural elements above
ground level is considered moderate, and for exterior members is considered severe.
Exposure condition of foundation elements and retaining in contact with or buried
under soil is considered very severe.
A two-hour fire resistance requirement is considered to determine the cover
requirements based on fire resistance.
Concrete Item Nominal cover
Slabs* 30mm (Top & bottom)
Beams 40mm(external),30 mm(internal)
Columns and walls 40mm
Retaining wall 40mm(external),30 mm(internal)
Footing 50mm (Bottomandsides30mmtop)
7. Fire requirements
a. FAR:
FAR (Floor Area Ratio) is not a direct consideration in fire safety regulations. Fire
safety requirements for institutional buildings are determined by local building codes
and standards, covering aspects like fire detection, suppression, means of egress,
construction materials, and access for firefighters. To ensure compliance, consult with
local authorities and fire safety experts.
b. Type of construction:
Type of building" refers to an "institutional building," which is a general term used to
describe structures that house various organizations, institutions, or facilities. These
buildings can include schools, universities, government offices, healthcare facilities,
religious institutions, cultural centers, and more. Institutional buildings serve specific
functions and often have unique requirements based on their use, occupancy, and
purpose.
8. Serviceability requirements:
The following aspects are considered in terms of serviceability: drift, deflection, crack
width, and frequency of vibration.
6
Drift
The following limitations are considered for drifts under wind and earthquake loads:
Lateral load Drift limit
Wind H/500
Earthquake H/250
7
Deflection
The following limitations are considered for floor deflections:
Total long-term deflection-Span/250.
Long-term deflection after non-structural components are installed-Span/350or
20mm.
Crack width
The following limiting crack widths are considered for various members
Member type Crack Width(mm)
Interior members protected from 0.3
external weather
External members exposed 0.2
to weather
Members below ground & 0.2
retaining walls
(Interior&
exterior face)
Floor frequency
Frequency of the floor system is ensured to be minimum 5 Hz.
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TASK-2
Loads
Dead Loads
Dead load of the slab=0.150𝑚×25𝑘𝑁/𝑚3=3.75𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
1. Considerareinforcedconcreteslabofthickness150mm.
Dead load of the slab=0.100𝑚×25𝑘𝑁/𝑚3=2.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
2. Considerareinforcedconcreteslabofthickness100mm.
The running weight of the beamis0.3𝑚×0.6𝑚×25𝑘𝑁/𝑚3=4.75𝑘𝑁/𝑚.
3. Considerabeamofcross-sectionaldimension300X600mm.
The running weight of the beamis0.3𝑚×0.5𝑚×25𝑘𝑁/𝑚3=3.75𝑘𝑁/𝑚.
4. Considerabeamofcross-sectionaldimension300X500mm.
Superimposed Dead Loads
Provide necessary calculations for the following
i) Line load: Block walls& finishes
(a.) Calculation for Line load of block wall made of clay brick:
=0.2×20+0.03×24
=4.72𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Totallineloadofa3.6mhighblockwall:
=4.72×3.6=16.992𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
(b.) Block wall and finishes load calculation:
SDL due to finish build of 75mm
=0.075×24=1.8𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
ii) Lightweight partitions:
Made ofglass boards or aluminium mullion sassume SDL=1.00𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
iii) Falseceiling`
AssumeSDL=0.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
iv) MEPServices
AssumeSDL=0.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
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Live Loads
10
Wind Loads
● Specifythedesignwindspeed anddesignwind pressureparameters(k1,k2,k3and k4)
● k1=probabilityfactor(riskcoefficient)=1
● k2=terrainroughness and heightfactor=0.83-1.07
● k3=topographyfactor =1
● k4=importancefactor forthecyclonicregion =1
● Windloadcalculationsateachstorey level
Location Chenn
ai
Basicwindspeed:Vb
= 50 m/s k1= 1 Riskcoeffi 50yearlif
e
cient
Building Office xdirn ydirn Vz=Vbk1k2k3
k4 k2= Terraincategory
= iii
Xdi
rn Length:a 44.73 m a/b= 1.44 0.69 Windpressurepz=0.6
Vz2 k3= 1 normaltopography
Ydi
rn Width:b m h/b= 1.05 0.72 Designwindpressurepd=[Link].
[Link] k4= 1 cyloneaffected
zone
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Height:h 32.4 m Fx=[Link].b.
h
Forcecoefficien
tCf= 1.15 Fy=Cfpd.a.
h kd= 1
1.18
ka= 1
kc= 0.9
Trib
uteH
Floorle
vel K2 Vz pd(kN/
m2) eight( Fx(kN) Fy(kN
) AsperIS
875
m)
G 3.6 0.8
3 41.69 0.94 2.13 47.98 150.97 X=Heig
ht Y=k2factorforterraincategor
y3
1F 7.20 0.8
8 44.03 1.05 2.15 54.02 169.98 10 0.91
2F 10.8 0.9
3 46.67 1.18 2.15 60.69 190.97 15 0.97
3F 14.4 0.9
7 48.37 1.26 2.15 65.19 205.14 20 1.01
4F 18 1 50.2 1.36 2.15 70.22 220.95 30 1.06
5F 21.6 1.0
3 51.29 1.42 2.15 73.30 230.65 50 1.12
6F 25.2 1.0
5 52.26 1.47 2.15 76.10 239.46
7F 28.8 1.0
6 53.14 1.52 2.1 76.85 241.83
Roof 32.4 1.0
7 53.6 1.55 1.53 56.97 179.26
EarthquakeLoads
Identifytheseismiczoneandparametersrelatedtoseismiccoefficient (I,R,Sa/g,Z)
Chennai : Zone 3, Z = 0.16
DualSystem: Building withductileStructuralwalland RC: R=5 Importance
Factor, I = 1
TimePeriod:T=0.09ℎ/√𝑑
𝑇𝑥
√24
=0.09×34
=0.624
𝑇𝑦=0.09×34/√64=0.382
Baseshear calculation
● Totalloadonthebuilding= 94668kN/m2
● seismiccoefficient(2.2inXdirn&2.5inYdirn)
● BaseshearV= 18.933.6kN
● Lateralforce duetoEQateachstoreylevel
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Floors Fx(kN) Fy(kN)
G 47.98 150.97
1F 54.02 169.98
2F 60.69 190.97
3F 65.09 205.14
4F 70.22 220.95
5F 73.3 230.65
6F 76.1 239.46
7F 76.85 241.83
Roof 56.97 179.26
9. Load combinations
LoadCombinationsforstrength
`
LoadCombinationsforserviceability
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10. SchemeSetting
Slabthickness:Consideringasamplegridof7
x4.5m,theslabthicknesscanbe calculated as follows:
fy = 550 N/mm2 fck = HenceL/d=L/d(basic) xktxkc
40 N/mm2 Grid Depth calculation
sizing Length , L = ForL=7mm
7m Breath,B=4.5m [*considerleastlateraldimensio
Checkforonewayortwoway slab n only]
L/B=7/4=1.75<2:Twoway fs= Fe x [Using L/d and L values]
0.87/1.5 = 550 x 0.87/1.5 = 319 Depthrequired,d=100mm
Percentageofsteelreinforcement: Cover =15 mm
Consider 12 % Hence D required= 130 mm
L/dratiorequired=L/d(basic)x kt x kc Providethicknessofslab=150
L/d(basic)=26(forcontinuous slab) mm
Beamsizing:
Depth ofbeam
LengthoftheBeam=7m=7000mm ● Cover=25mm
● l/d=15 [Continuous] Depth of the beam, D=d+cover= 466
● Effectivedepth,d=466mm + 25 =491mm(provide 600 mom)
Minimumwidthasperfirerequirement,
kt=tensionreinforcementfactor
B= 300mm
kc= compression
reinforcement factor
kt=1.15
kc= 1.05
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Initialsizeofthe beam=300x600mm
Load Calculation
● DLpersqm=3.75kN/m2
● SDLpersqm=17kN/m2
● LLpersqm=4kN/m2
● Totalload=24.75kN/m2
Tributary length = 44.73 m
Line load from tributary area
Loadontheedgebeam(Slab)=
3.75kN/m
Loadontheedgebeam(Brick wall)=
4.72kN/m
Self-weightofthebeam=4.75 kN/m
UnfactoredLoadontheedge
beam= 4.75kN/m
FactoredLoadontheedgebeam,
w= 37.125 kN/m
Moment on the
beam,
M=166.1kNm(wl2/1
0)
Check:fck=40N/mm2;fy=550N/
mm2 Mu/bd2=.[Revise if not in
limits] Width of the beam, B =
300 mm Depth of the beam, D =
600mm
Weareprovidingsecondarybeamin3 m
span
→Mainbeamas 300x600mm
→Secondarybeamas300x500mm
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Columnsizingand location
→Span=Effectiveheightofcolumn,H=1.65m
→Considerthetributaryareaaroundtheinternalcolumn.
→Tributaryarea =1352.18sqm
→Loadontributaryarea=24.75kN/sqm
→Loadoncolumn(onefloor)= 544.5kN
→Loadonall8floors=544.5x8=4356kN
→Ultimate load= 1.5x4356=6534kN
→ Pu = (0.4 fck x (1- pt) + 0.67 x fy x pt) B.D
Substituting the values and assuming pt = 0.12%
Approximatedimensions(BxD)=300x500mm
Shearwall:Atotalof1%ofplanareaistakenasarea ofshearwall.
→Planarea=44.73x30.23=1352sqm
→Area ofshearwallrequired=1/100x1352=13.52sqm
→Consider athicknessof230mm for shear wall
→Henceatotallengthof7.5 misrequiredto bedistributedonbothlonger andshorter direction of the
building
→Atotalshear wall lengthof9mspanning in longer directionand 2.5min shorterdirection is
provided.
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Schemesettingdrawing (Drawthelayoutofthebuildingmarkingthelocationofshear wall, sec
and main beam as well as column orientations)
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TASK-3
11. ETABSModelling
Figure7:Grids(screenshotfromthemodel)
[Link](screenshotfromthe model)
17
[Link](screenshotfromthemodel)
[Link](screenshotfromthemodel)
18
Figure9:LoadsAssigned(screenshotfromthemodel)
Figure10:Loadpatternsdefined (screenshotfromthe model)
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Figure11:Loadcombinations(screenshotfromthe model)
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TASK–4
12. ETABSResultreading
Thefollowingresultswerecheckedtomasksurethemodelwascorrect.
i) Deflectionanddriftwithinlimits.(screenshotfromthemodel)
ii) Baseshearcrosscheck(screenshotfromthemodel)
iii) Modalload participation percentage
iv) Shearwallloadparticipationpercentage
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v) Modecheck(screenshotfromthemodel)
vi) Concreteframe &shelldesigncheck(screenshotfromthemodel)
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vii) Shear force,bending moment,Axialforcesandotherstresseswerecheckandtheresults were
taken for Design & detailing of individual elements(screenshot from the model)
23
TASK–5
Note:RefertheTask5pdf
13. Design andDetailingofElements
SlabDesign
Continuingfromsection11.1,Considerthesameslab.
Dimension = 3.5m x 4.5 m internal panel
Thickness, D=150mm,Consider12 mmdia barsforreinforcement, effective
depth: d = 125 mm
Fck=30N/mm2andfy=550N/mm2
ResultsfromETABSsoftware:Maxmoment atcenter:Mu1=111.1kNm
Maxmomentatsupport Mu2=-126.036kNm
Mu lim= 0.133 fck bd2= 0.133x30x3500x150/ 106= 209.5kNm
Mu < Mu lim : Hence depth provided is sufficient
Checkforreinforcement(+vemoments@midspan)
=𝑃𝑡=0.12
Mainbars:
Substitutingthevalues inaboveequationpt=0.12%
Ast = bd pt/100 =5250 mm2; Hence provide 12 mmdia bars at 150 mmc/c
Distributionbars:Similarly, fortheotherdirectionsubstitutingtheMu2pt=0.012% Ast =
bd pt/100 =1750 mm2; Hence provide 10 mmdia bars at 100 mmc/c
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4.2BeamDesign
BasicData
ConsiderthebeamB185, in7thfloor
Length (span) =3.5m = 3500 mm
Width: b = 300mm
Depth:D=600mm Fck
= 40 N/mm2
Fy=550N/mm2
ForcevaluesfromETABSanalysis: Deflection,
δ.max = 2.2 mm
Maxshearforce,Vu=170.17kN
Max moment @ mid: Mu = 121.2 kNm
Maxmoment @support:Mu=97.8 kNm
Effective depth: d = 570 mm
Mainbottomreinforcement(midspan)df
Ast=0.5fck/fy(1-√(1-4.6Mu/fckbd2)) bd
=3500mm2
Provide4no’s25mmdiabars.
Hence pt provided =
0.12%Topreinforcement(atsup
ports)
Ast=0.5fck/fy(1-√(1-4.6Mu/fckbd2)) bd
=402.12mm2
Provide2no’s16mmdiabars.
Checkforreinforcement
MinimumAst=0.85bd/fy=278.18mm2
MaximumAst = 0.04 bD = 7200 mm2:
Hence reinforcement provided is OK
Shear reinforcement
τv=Vu/bd=0.94N/mm2
IS456:2000,Cl40.1 -τcmax=3.5N/mm2,
25
Since τv<τcmax,dimensionsofbeamareok
From Table 19: τc = 0.685 N/mm2
τv>τc,Henceprovideshearreinforcement Vuc
= τc bd = 123.3 kN
Vus=Vu-Vuc=46.870kN
Provide8mmdia2leggedstirrups:Area=Asv=1206.37 mm2
SpacingofShearreinforcement(Sv)
Theleastvalueoutofthefollowing4conditionsshouldbeused;Cl26.1.6
i) Sv=250mm
ii) Sv=325mm
iii) Sv=0.75d=0.75x600=450mm
iv) Sv=300mm
Hence,provide8mmdia2leggedstirrupsat300mmc/cspacingasshear reinforcement
Deflectioncheck
Thedeflectionshouldnot exceed l/250=3500/250=14mmOr20 mm,whichever isless,here
deflection δ = 14 mm, which is under limit.
Checkfortorsion
TorsiondesignshallbedoneasperCl. 40ofIS456:[Link] inthiscase, thetorsionvalue on the
beam is very minimal, its avoided.
Developmentlength
ByreferringSP.16T-66for25mmdiabars@M30gradeofconcreteprovide113.3cmofdevelopment
length.
Beam design
Providedesignoneofthecontinuousbeamforonegrid(fromlefttoright ofthebuilding) along
with itsdetailing. Provide the cross sectional and longitudinal sections of the beam similar
to the reference sketch below.
26
14.3 Column Design for GF
Considerthegroundfloorcolumn
Height (span) = 3.6 m= 3600mm
Width: b = 300 mm
Depth:D=500mm
Fck = 40 N/mm2Fy
= 550N/mm2
ForcevaluesfromETABSanalysis:
Maxaxialforce,Pu=25.66kN
Majoraxismoment,Mu=-71.22kNm Cover
provided d’= 40 mm
Provide16numbers20mmdiabarsasmainreinforcement
Stirrupsdia=Highestof{ϕmax/4, 6mm}=6mm, but duetopracticalconstrainsprovide8mm dia for
stirrups.
Stirrups spacing = Least of {D, 16.ϕmax, 300mm}
Henceprovide8mmdiaties@150 mmc/cspacing
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Column design
Provide designoneofthe columns foronegrid (fromtopto bottomofthebuilding) along with its
detailing. Provide the cross sectional and longitudinal sections ofthe column similar to the
reference sketch below.
Detailing
Shear wall
TotalHeightofwall(hw)=32000 mm
Length of wall (Lw) = 2500mm
Thickness of wall (tw)= 230mm
AsperIS:13920 –2016(Cl–10.2.1)
Effectivedepthofwall,dweff=0.8Lw
=0.8x2500=2000mm
Factored BM, Mu= 1.2 x 13.81 =16.572kN-m
FactoredSF,Vu=1.2x5262.6905=6315.22kN tw =
(200 mm) > 150
As perIS:13920 –2016(Cl–10.1.2)
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1. SectionClassification[AsperIS:13920–2016(Cl– 10.1.2)]
ℎ𝑤
=12.8=12.8>2
𝐿𝑤
Note:[ℎ𝑤< 1−SquatWall,
𝐿𝑤
ℎ𝑤
𝐿𝑤
1≤ ≤ 2− IntermediateWall,
ℎ𝑤
>2–Slenderwall]
𝐿𝑤
Henceit isslenderwall.
2. DesignofShearReinforcement(Horizontal)
=𝑉𝑢= 0.13N/mm2
Factored shear stress,𝑇𝑣
𝑡𝑤𝑑𝑤
27
Where, 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘=0.25√30=1.36
AsperIS:13920 –2016(Cl–10.1.7)
IfTv>0.25√fckortw> 200mm
Thensteelwill beprovidedintwocurtain/layer.
(a) SelectionofdiameterofbarsasperIS:13920–2016(Cl–10.1.8)
Diameter ofbars>𝑡𝑤=20mm,
10
=500𝑚𝑚
(b) The maximumspacingofverticalor horizontalreinforcementsshallnotexceedsmaller of,
1. 𝐿
1
5
�
�
2. 3xtw=3x200=600mm
3. 450mm
Hencemaximumspacing=450mm.
ρhmin=0.0025+0.5(ℎ𝑤−2)(𝜌 −0.0025)
Tcmax=0.63 √fck = 0.63 √40 =6.98 N/mm2
𝑣𝑤𝑒𝑏
𝐿𝑤
ρhmin=0.0025
[Link] horizontalreinforcements,takingasT8mm Providing
T8 @150 mm c/c horizontal bars.
3. DesignofLongitudinalReinforcement(Vertical)
(ρvnet)min= 0.0025+ 0.01375(𝑡𝑤)=0.36
𝐿𝑤
Now,Tc=0.51N/mm2(AsperIS:456-2000,Table:19)
Tv(0.41MPa)<Tcmax(0.51MPa)Noneed torevisedesign
28
Tv(0.40MPa) >Tc(0.50MPa)Needtodesignfor shear
Shearforce takenbythe shearsteel,Vus= (Tv–Tc)twdw=4000KN
𝑉
𝑢𝑠
𝐴ℎ=
0.87𝑓(𝑑𝑤)
𝑦𝑆𝑣
AsperIS13920 −2016,Cl.10.2.3
𝐴ℎ 2x50.26
= =0.670(Provided)>0.522(Reqiured)
𝑆𝑣 150
Henceprovidedhorizontalreinforcementissafetoresistshear. Dia. of
bar for vertical reinforcements, taking as T12 mm
ProvidingT12@150 mmc/c verticalbars,containedwithin
horizontal bars.
4. Checkforthe necessityofboundary element
FactoredAreaLoad, Pu=1.2x40=48kN fmax= 40
MPa
fmin=25 MPa
AsperIS:13920 –2016(Cl–10.4.1)
flim= 0.2fck= 0.2x40 =8MPa
Now,it isneededto designboundaryelements
Scheduleanddetailsofshear wall design
29
