USE OF ENGLISH

A. Instructions: Choose the correct answer. (16x1=16pts.)

1. All the lights in Terry’s room are turned off. He_____ sleeping.
A) must have been B) had to be C) must be D) must not be

2. I would like to know _____ the trains will be running normally during the public holiday.
A) which B) who C) whether D) what

3. _____ Medipol University students will be able to speak English fluently after graduation is undeniable.
A) How B) When C) Why D) The fact that

4. By next October, George _____ in the United States for ten years.
A) will have been living B) will be living C) will leave D) is to live

5. If it _____ Monday today, we _____ stuck in traffic on the way to work now instead of eating our breakfast on
the balcony.
A) is/will be B) has been/are
C) were/would be D) had been/could be

6. If we _____ a blue earring in the restaurant, we _____ you immediately.

A) will find/ call B) could find/called
C) found/would have called D) find/will call

7. I wish a flight to London _____ less than two hundred pounds, then we would fly there a lot more often.
A) costs B) could have cost
C) cost D) will cost

8. Teachers always tell their students _____.

A) when they came to the lesson
B) not to cross the street when the traffic light is red
C) doesn’t cross the road on a red traffic light
D) don’t ask many questions if they are not asked to

9. Do you ______ or do you do it yourself?

A) clean your windows
B) get your windows clean
C) have your windows cleaned
D) have cleaned your windows

10. She should take her coat with her _____ the weather changes. It might snow in the afternoon.
A) despite B) in case C) only if D) so that

11. _______ Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be closed.
A) Whereas B) Because of C) unless D) Since

12. _______ he had a broken leg, he continued to go to class.

A) Nevertheless B) Even though
C) Whereas D) Because of

13. _______ want to go skiing this weekend.

A) Neither Alan nor Carol B) Either Jack or Marie
C) Not only Joe but also Lisa D) Both John and Ted

14. Polar bears live near the North Pole, while _______.
A) penguins live there too
B) penguins live at the South Pole
C) they live in the South Pole
D) as they live near the South Pole
15. I wish I _______for dinner as it looks delicious, but unfortunately, I have to pick up my mother from her
sister's house now.
A) would have stayed B) could stay C) can stay D) had stayed

16. I guessed from the shape of the package _______my birthday present was a cassette.
A) which B) what C) when D) that

VOCABULARY
A. Instructions: Choose the appropriate word from the options below to complete each gap. (10x1=10pts.)

1. I can’t stand people who are always ______- just say what you mean and make it clear!
A) ambiguous B) stable C) ambiguity D) stability

2. Since the 1990’s, the _______of cancer among children has decreased, due to better knowledge on the subject.
A) incidence B) acquired C) miracle D) substantial

3. I was _______a large export company before I retired three years ago – I am enjoying my new freedom!
A) charge B) charging C) in charge of D) in charging of

4. He _______ a huge amount of money when he sold his farm – now he’s living in a luxurious house in the
Bahamas.
A) donated B) acquired C) exploited D) lost

5. The sailor was not ______to the dangers of the sea, and got into huge difficulty during the storm.
A) biased B) alert C) concentrated D) creative

6. My university has fantastic facilities so I try to ______ them as much as possible – I love using the sports
center and library in particular.
A) exaggerate B) consume C) focus D) exploit

7. Susan’s love of music _______ her father – he was a famous pianist in the 1970’s.
A) stems to B) stems from C) stems by D) stems in

8. During our presentation, we ______ many different forms of media because we wanted to impress people.
A) utility B) utilize C) utilized D) utilitarian

9. Modern art is famously hard to_______ - every person has a different idea about it.
A) interpret B) motivate C) benefit D) acquire

10. When I was younger all I wanted was a ______ home and work life, but now I love the excitement and
variety of travelling the world.
A) impassioned B) profound C) skilled D) stable
B. Instructions: Choose the appropriate word from the options below to complete each gap according to
the context. (10x1=10pts.)

What are the (11) _______of people getting to do their dream job? Most of us would say very small,
right? Well I would disagree with that, and here’s why. Two years ago, I was working in a boring office job,
which I hated. As a result, I became really unhappy and my health started to (12) _______. Even though I knew
that paying my rent and living expenses would become difficult and a(n) (13) _______if I left my job, I knew I
couldn’t stay there. When I told my boss, he was angry and really (14) _______ towards me, but I didn’t care. I
walked out of the office and tried to remember the (15) ______ I had of what I wanted to be when I was a child –
it was a writer. The next day, I took my laptop to a local café and started writing with (16) ______ - it was great
doing something I loved again. One day, I had a chance (17) ______ with a book agent, who asked to read some
of my material. With a lot of his (18) ______, he helped me improve my (19) ______ to the topics I wanted to
write about, and he told me not to always show (20) ______towards one point of view – in his opinion, giving a
balanced opinion is really valuable! Now, I am writing my first book and I hope to publish it next year. You can
achieve your dreams! Never give up!

11. A) disadvantages B) encounters C) odds D) facilities

12. A) deteriorate B) increase C) flourish D) devastate
13. A) environment B) assumption C) source D) burden
14. A) stable B) hostile C) practical D) rational
15. A) image B) imagination C) approach D) dilemma
16. A) encouraging B) fatal C) moral D) enthusiasm
17. A) occasion B) concept C) encounter D) individual
18. A) guidance B) obligation C) reaction D) conservation
19. A) approach B) conflict C) hurdle D) trait
20. A) motive B) ethics C) bias D) conversion
 READING
Reading 1 Skara Brae
1 Off the Northern tip of Scotland, where the Atlantic Ocean meets the North Sea, lies a group of 70 or
so islands called the Orkneys. These largely treeless isles are frequently beaten by Atlantic storms, gales 1 and
rain. It was during one such storm in the winter of 1850, when the combination of wind and high tides2
stripped away3 the grass from the top of a small hill called Skerrabra on the west side of the largest island
5 known simply as ‘The Mainland’. This revealed a number of stone dwellings.
The local landowner started excavations on the site, and within twenty years the remains of four
ancient houses were unearthed. However, work was later abandoned until 1925 when another storm damaged
some of the excavated buildings. A sea wall was proposed to protect the site, and, during construction, yet
more buildings were discovered.
10 It was first believed that the village was an Iron Age settlement, dating from around 1500 years ago.
However, radiocarbon dating proved that it was in fact much older. It was a Neolithic village and dated back to
3000 B.C. The village had been inhabited for a period of about 600 years. The Neolithic village of Skara
Brae now consists of eight dwellings, connected by low, covered passages. The stone buildings are extremely
well preserved, thanks to the layer of sand that protected the settlement. The interior fittings, furniture and
15 household objects also survive to this day.
Evidence suggests that there were never more than eight dwellings, suggesting a total population of
no more than 100 people. The houses are all very similar in design, consisting of a large square room with a
central fireplace. The furnishings were all made of stone, considering the shortage of wood on the islands. Two
stone-edged small rooms on either side of the fireplace appear to be beds. Every house also had a distinctive
20 shelved, stone dresser. Its position, opposite the doorway and illuminated5 by the fire, showing that this piece
of furniture was not just a useful storage space, but had special significance.
One of the buildings, now known as ‘house seven’, is interestingly different from the others. This
building is detached4 from the others, and has a door which door could only be secured from the outside,
suggesting that the house may have served as a type of jail – an unusual necessity in a village of less than a
25 hundred people. ‘House eight’ is also unique, having none of the furnishings of the other houses. Excavators
have found that the floor of the building is filled with fragments6 from the manufacture of tools, suggesting
that the room was a workshop.
The standardized house design has led some to believe that there was no hierarchy of rank within the
settlement at Skara Brae, and that all villagers were equal. Whether or not this is true is debatable. However, it
30 is likely that life here was probably quite comfortable for the Neolithic people. The villagers kept sheep and
cattle, and grew wheat and barley. They probably traded these commodities for pottery. They would have
hunted red deer and boar for their meat and skins. They would also have consumed fish, seal and whale meat,
and the eggs of sea birds. The skin and bones of these animals would have provided tools such as needles and
knives. Flint for cutting tools would have been traded or gathered from the shore. Fuel probably came from
35 seaweed, making the inside of the dwellings smoky and probably smelly. Driftwood was probably too valuable
to burn.

gales1:strong wind storms stripped away3:took away leaving nothing

tides2:waves detached4:disconnected
iIlluminated5:made visible by using light fragments6:broken pieces, remains

A. Instructions: Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. (8x1=8pts.)

21. The village of Skara Brae is located on an island called ____________.

A) Orkney B) The Mainland C) Skerrabra D) Gales

22. The word “dwellings” in line 5 can be best replaced with ____________.
A) tomb stones B) residences C) milestones D) resources

23. In 1925, ___________.

A) excavations at Skara Brae stopped B) a storm revealed more buildings
C) excavations resumed after a storm D) a storm damaged all the buildings

24. The area was thought to be 1500 years old. However, ____________.
A) radio carbon dating results proved it a little older B) it was built when Christ was born
C) it was more than 5000 years old D) it was actually very recent
25. What helped protect the buildings until this time?
A) The fact that it was built with electronic tools.
B) The fact that the original builders used a lot of wood.
C) The fact that they used stones.
D) The fact that it was covered with sand

26. Which of the options can be inferred clearly from the passage about the settlement?
A) The people who once lived at Skara Brae may have had a punishment system for crimes.
B) The people who lived at Skara Brae certainly believed in equality.
C) The islanders were interested in farming.
D) They hunted for fish but didn’t eat them.

27. House Eight is different from the other houses as___________.

A) it was smaller than the others B) it didn’t have a bathroom
C) it was for a specific purpose D) it was different is shape

28. The word “secured” in line 23 is closest in meaning to __________.

A) heated B) opened C) closed D) locked
 Reading 2 Japanese Employees
1 In Japan, there is a close relationship between the worker and his company. Employees work hard and
do hours of unpaid overtime to make their firms more efficient. If necessary, they give up weekends with the
family to go on business trips. They are loyal to their organizations and they are totally involved with them. The
system of lifetime employment creates a strong link between the enterprise and its workforce. It covers about
5 35% of the working population. Generally, when a person joins a firm after leaving high school or university, he
expects to stay with that firm until he retires. He has a secure job for life. Therefore, he will not be laid off if the
company no longer needs him because there is no work. Instead, it will retrain him for another position. The pay
of a worker depends on his seniority; that is to say, on the years he has been with the firm. The longer he stays
there, the higher his salary will be. When he is 30 or 40 years old, therefore, he cannot afford to change jobs. If
10 he did move, he would also lose valuable benefits. Promotion depends on seniority as well. Japanese managers
are rarely very young, and chief executives are at least 60, and very often 70 years old. The Japanese have a
special way of making decisions. They call it the consensus system. This is how it works: when a firm is
thinking of taking a certain action, it encourages workers at all levels to discuss the proposal and give their
opinions. The purpose is to reach a consensus, or general agreement. As soon as everyone agrees on the right
15 course of action, the decision is taken. Because of this method, a group of workers, rather than one person, is
responsible for company policies. One advantage of this is that decisions come from a mixture of experience
from the top, the middle, and the bottom of an enterprise. Another advantage is that junior staff frequently
suggest ideas for change. A disadvantage, perhaps, is that decision-making can be slow.

A. Instructions: Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. (6x1=6pts.)

29. In Japan, the companies and their employees have a close relationship ___________.
A) in order to increase the level of productivity
B) as Japanese culture values work more than family life
C) so that the workers won't look for work elsewhere
D) despite the amount of unpaid overtime they have to do

30. If there is no longer any work for a Japanese employee, ____________.

A) it is impossible to find another job
B) retirement is the only option
C) the company doesn't fire him but trains him for another position
D) the company will continue to provide the essentials for his family

31. Although the Japanese consensus system can mean that decisions are not made quickly, _________.
A) no workers are excluded due to their position or lack of experience
B) at least when the decision is reached everyone will be happy
C) it is much more efficient than systems in other countries
D) company rules will be for all the workers

32. What is the word “laid off” in line 6 closest in meaning to?
A) unhappy B) useless C) dismissed D) off road

33. What is the word “consensus” in line 12 closest in meaning to?

A) common confrontation B) common silence
C) common disagreement D) common agreement

34. Which of the options can be inferred from the passage?

A) The employees are not content with the company rules.
B) When a mistake is made, it is easy to find who is guilty.
C) Resigning is not logical in the Japanese system.
D) An employee is given a ceremony when they resign.

.
WRITING

Instructions: Choose one of the following topics and write a well-organized ESSAY (Introduction, body
paragraphs, and conclusion) of at least 250 words. Please pay attention to the types of essays.

1. In today’s global world, what are the similarities and/or differences between the modern culture and the
traditional culture in Turkey?

2. What can be the causes and/or effects of learning a foreign language in a person’s life?

3. Which is more important for success: The natural ability you are born with or hard work? Explain your
opinion, using specific reasons and examples.

..................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................