KONERU LAKSHMAIAH EDUCATION FOUNDATION

(Deemed to be University estd, u/s, 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

22EC2209A-EMWTLA LAB PROJECT REPORT

II YEAR/II SEMESTER

TESLA COIL
Submitted by

1.K N L S DHEEMAMTH 2200040179 S-11

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 KONERU LAKSHMAIAH EDUCATION FOUNDATION
(Deemed to be University estd, u/s, 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
(NAAC Accredited “A++” Grated University)
Green Fields, Guntur District, A.P., India – 522502
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
(DST - FIST Sponsored Department)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project report titled TESLA COIL is the bonafide work of
K N L S DHEEMANTH 2200040179, SAMARTH SATWAR , 2200040218 II Year / II
Semester, under the guidance of [Link], Department of ECE, in
22EC2209A/Electromagnetic waves and Transmission Lines Laboratory at Koneru
Lakshmaiah Education Foundation in the year 2023-2024.

Signature of the Faculty in charge Signature of the HOD/ECE

Submitted for the University Practical Examination held on 25/04/2024

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 KONERU LAKSHMAIAH EDUCATION FOUNDATION
(Deemed to be University estd, u/s, 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
(NAAC Accredited “A++” Grated University)
Green Fields, Guntur District, A.P., India – 522502
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
(DST - FIST Sponsored Department)

INDEX PAGE

[Link]. Description Page No.

1 Abstract iv
2 Introduction 1
3 Circuit Diagram 2
4 Circuit Description and its Applications 2, 3, 4
5 Results & Conclusions 4
6 References 5

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ABSTRACT:
This abstract presents the findings of an experimental study focused on exploring the operation and principles
of a Tesla coil, a resonant transformer circuit invented by Nikola Tesla in 1891. The Tesla coil is renowned
for its ability to produce high-voltage, low-current, high-frequency alternating-current electricity. In this
experiment, a Tesla coil setup comprising primary and secondary coils, a spark gap, capacitor, and power
source was constructed.

The primary aim was to investigate the Tesla coil's capability to generate high-voltage electrical discharges
and to explore its potential for wireless energy transfer. The experimental setup was carefully configured to
ensure safety due to the inherent risks associated with high-voltage experimentation. Observations were made
of the Tesla coil's performance, including the production of intense electrical discharges, electrical arcs, and
the wireless illumination of fluorescent bulbs placed in close proximity to the coil.

The results of the experiment confirmed the Tesla coil's effectiveness in generating high-voltage sparks and
its ability to transmit energy wirelessly over short distances. The findings hold significant implications for
various fields, including electrical engineering, physics, and entertainment. Furthermore, the experiment
underscores the importance of adhering to strict safety protocols when conducting experiments involving
high-voltage equipment.

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the operation and applications of Tesla coils,
highlighting their potential for use in radio transmission, wireless energy transfer, and educational
demonstrations. Future research directions may include further exploration of the Tesla coil's capabilities and
the development of novel applications in energy transmission and communication technologies.

iv

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INTRODUCTION:
A Tesla coil is a type of resonant transformer circuit designed by Nikola Tesla in the late 19th century. Known
for its ability to generate high-voltage, low-current, high-frequency alternating-current electricity, the Tesla
coil is commonly used in scientific demonstrations and experiments. This experiment aims to showcase the
unique characteristics of the Tesla coil, including its dramatic electrical discharges and potential for wireless
energy transfer.

The setup includes a primary coil, a secondary coil, a spark gap, a capacitor, and a high-voltage power source.
Together, these components create high-voltage oscillations capable of producing electrical sparks and
lighting fluorescent bulbs without direct contact.

Safety is a key consideration, given the high voltages involved, so proper precautions are taken. This
introduction sets the stage for exploring the Tesla coil's principles and its potential applications in areas like
radio transmission, wireless energy transfer, and entertainment.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
 2N222 Transistor
 Copper coil
 Secondary coil
 Ping pong ball wrapped with aluminum foil
 Battery
 Switch
 22K ohm Resistor
 LED

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit Description:
1. Primary Coil (Copper Coil): Wind the copper wire to form the primary coil. This coil will be connected to the
transistor and the power source.
2. Transistor (2N222): The 2N222 transistor acts as a switch to rapidly switch the primary coil on and off. This
switching action is crucial for creating the high voltage in the secondary coil.
3. Battery:
 Connect the positive terminal of the battery to one end of the primary coil.
 Connect the negative terminal of the battery to one of the transistor's terminals.
4. Base Resistor:
 Connect the base of the 2N222 transistor to one terminal of the 22K ohm resistor.
 Connect the other terminal of the resistor to the negative terminal of the battery. This resistor helps in
controlling the transistor's base current.
5. Secondary Coil: Wind a larger coil (secondary coil) around a suitable form. This coil will be placed near the primary
coil.
6. Ping Pong Ball with Aluminum Foil: Attach aluminum foil to a ping pong ball to act as a simple capacitor. Place
this near the top of the secondary coil.
7. LED: Connect an LED in parallel with the primary coil or secondary coil to indicate when the circuit is active.

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WORKING:
A Tesla coil works by creating high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current (AC) through a process called
electrical resonance. Here’s a simplified overview of how it works:
1. Energy Accumulation: The system uses a capacitor to store electrical energy from a power source. This
energy builds up until a certain threshold is reached.
2. Spark Generation: Once the capacitor reaches its maximum charge, it discharges through a spark gap,
producing a burst of energy. This creates high-frequency oscillations in the primary coil.
3. Inductive Coupling: These oscillations in the primary coil induce a much higher voltage in the secondary
coil due to the difference in the number of turns between the coils.
4. High-Voltage Output: The secondary coil, with its significantly higher voltage, creates visible electrical
discharges like sparks or arcs. This high-voltage energy can also wirelessly light nearby fluorescent bulbs.
5. Resonance: The key to Tesla coil operation is resonance, where the oscillations in the primary and
secondary coils align to create a highly efficient energy transfer, amplifying the voltage.

The Tesla coil converts low-voltage, high-current electricity into high-voltage, high-frequency energy,
enabling dramatic electrical discharges and wireless energy transfer through resonance between its coils.

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APPLICATIONS:

1. Educational Demonstrations: Used in science shows and classrooms to demonstrate high-voltage

2. Wireless Energy Transfer: Explored in experiments to study wireless power transmission and related
technologies.

3. Entertainment and Art: Featured in concerts, light shows, and artistic performances for dramatic
spark effects.

4. Radio Frequency Generation: Generates high-frequency electromagnetic waves, useful for radio
transmission experiments.

5. Medical and Therapeutic Applications: Historically used in devices like violet wands for therapeutic
applications (less common today).

6. Scientific Research: Utilized in research to study high-voltage phenomena, plasma formation, and
other electrical effects.

These applications demonstrate the versatility of Tesla coils in various domains, from education and
entertainment to scientific exploration.

RESULT:
A Tesla coil experiment results in high-voltage electrical discharges, seen as sparks or arcs, and demonstrates
wireless energy transfer, lighting fluorescent bulbs without direct connections. It also generates strong
magnetic fields and distinctive sounds, highlighting the coil's unique high-voltage properties.

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CONCLUSION:
A Tesla coil experiment demonstrates high-voltage electrical discharges, creating striking sparks and arcs. It
illustrates wireless energy transfer by lighting fluorescent bulbs without direct connections. The experiment
also generates strong magnetic fields and distinctive popping or buzzing sounds. Safety is crucial due to high-
voltage risks, emphasizing the need for careful handling and protective measures.

REFERENCES:
[1] [Link]
[2] [Link]
[3] [Link]
[4] [Link]